选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.doc

年 级高二学 科英语版 本人教新课标版课程标题选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions -words、phrases and language points编稿老师冯振宇一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘停停一、学习目标知识目标：学习本单元的词汇、短语和句型。能力目标：能够使用这些词汇、短语及句型进行语言表达，并能够解答与之相关的习题。二、重点、难点重点：重要单词distinguish, convenient, seize, file, bear, tap, practical重要短语call up, now and then, set about, set out, hang on, out of order, get through, ring back/off重要句型1) The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2) Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 3) Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.难点：only置于句首的倒装句三、知能提升（一）重点单词单词学习1. distinguish v. 显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别【例句】Can you distinguish the twins apart? 你能分辨这对双胞胎吗?He distinguished himself in physics. 他在物理方面享有盛名。【用法】be distinguished from 不同于，与加以区别distinguish. from 辨别，把和区分开be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名【考查点】distinguish=tell常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用 I cant tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”.【考题链接】It is not easy to_ cultured pearls from genuine pearls.A. distinguish B. separate C. identity D. recognize答案：A解题思路：distinguish. from 辨别，把和区分开；separatefrom把隔开；identity辨别；recognize认出，这两个词的后面都不接from。2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的【例句】Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。【用法】be convenient to/for sb. 对方便It is convenient for sb. It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便【易错点】convenient的主语只能是物或形式主语，不能以人作其主语。【拓展】convenience n.at your convenience 在你方便的时候if it suits a persons convenience 如果对某人方便for the convenience of sb. 为某人的方便起见【考题链接】Our new house is very _for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available答案：C解题思路：由in five minutes可看出设空处所填单词意为“便利的，方便的”。D项意为“可以利用”，不符合句意；A,B两项意思与句意的差距大。3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）【例句】She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。【拓展】seize /hold of sth. 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用【考题链接】Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing答案：D解题思路：seized在这里由连词and连接与动词took构成并列谓语，也应该用过去式的形式，而后面的disappearing则是现在分词作伴随状语。4. file n.C 文件；档案 vt. 把归档【例句】Here are our files on the results of the business in the past five years. 这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。Please file this paper away, Miss Mary. 玛丽小姐，请把这份文件归档。【用法】 haveopenkeep a file on存有设立保存的档案A hospital usually keeps a file on every patient.医院通常为每个病人设立档案。5. bear v. 忍受，具有，带有，显示 （标记或特性）【例句】The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有签名【用法】 bear表示“忍受”时，其后可接doing sth.，表示习惯性动作，也可接to do sth.，表示某一次具体动作，且多与 can, could或 be able to连用。bear作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指“生产，生育”，而 born 指“出生”。【例句】She has borne three children with her husband. 她与丈夫生育了三个孩子。【拓展】表示“忍受”的词和短语：stand, tolerate, put up with【考题链接】I dont think our relationship could _the strain of her mother visiting for a month.A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold答案：A解题思路：bear“承受”，符合句意；tell区别，告诉；put up 举起，张贴；hold持有。6. tap n.塞子，龙头 vt. 轻拍，轻敲 【例句】Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the water. 把软管接在龙头上, 打开水龙头。This music sets your feet tapping. 这音乐能使你的双脚不由自主地跟着打拍子。7. practical adj.实际的, 实践的,现实的；实用的【例句】He lacks practical experience. 他缺乏实践经验。He is studying practical English. 他在学实用英语。Your invention is clever, but not practical. 你的发明很巧妙，但不实用。【拓展】practise vt.&vi. 实行；练习；实习，其后常接动词的ing形式作宾语。practice n. 练习，实习，实践，习惯【考题链接】When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ suggestions.A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable答案：B解题思路：此题意为“当我们计划假期时，妈妈通常提供实际的，可行的建议。”故选B，其它选项A项为“仔细的”；C项为“有效的”；D项为“可接受的，合意的”均不符题意。即学即练1. Students in this school dont have classes on Wednesday afternoon, which is _ , for teachers have a meeting.A. practice B. action C. experience D. sense2. Their play _ great success and brought in a large profit to the theatre. A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. expected D. seized3. If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable 4. Come and see me whenever _.A. you are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient5. Her parents tried to _ some pressure on her to do well in the college entrance examination so that she can be admitted to a prestige university.A. bring B. put C. bear D. keep（二）重点短语短语学习1. call up征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人【例句】He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。I was called up three months after war broke out. 战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。【拓展】call的相关短语：call back 召回；回电话；收回处理call on/at 拜访(on后接人；at后接地点名词)call for 要求，提倡，为叫喊call in 召集，召来，来访call off 取消；延期call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤【考题链接】When I _Tom, he was doing some shopping.A. called on B. called up C. called off D. called over答案：B解题思路：由句意知设空处意为“给打电话”；call on拜访；call off 取消；call over把喊来均不合句意。2. now and then时而；偶尔；有时【例句】I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。Every now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而到楼上去看看他是否还在睡觉。【拓展】now的相关短语：now (that). 由于；既然right now 此刻；现在by now 到目前为止just now 刚才from now on 从现在开始【考题链接】We all write_, even when theres not much to say.A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less答案：A解题思路：A. 不时地。句意：即使没有多少要说的东西，我们大家仍不时地写几封信。B. 不久以后，C. 渐渐，D. 或多或少。3. set about (不用于被动语态) 开始（某项工作）；着手做某事【例句】I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。【拓展】set的相关短语：set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）set sth. down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 从出发，着手做某事（to do sth.）set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）set sth. off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录【考题链接】Why was our foreign expert unhappy yesterday?News about the terrorist explosions in London _ an attack of homesickness. A. set up B. set out C. set about D. set off答案：D解题思路：set off 在此意为引发，引爆。4. hang on 紧握着；(电话用语)别挂断【例句】He hung on until the rope broke.他紧握着绳子，直到绳子断开。Please hang on while I go for some water.请稍等一下，我去弄点水来。Hang on! Ill call him. 别挂断!我去叫他。【拓展】hang about 闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡（逛）hang up 挂；挂断电话；延迟；推迟或搁置【考题链接】Whats the sense of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply _ for a while?A. hang out B. hang up C. hang on to D. hold on答案：A解题思路：hang out在本句中是“闲逛”的意思，符合题意。5. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障【例句】Our air-conditioner is out of order. 我们的空调出故障了。【拓展】order的相关短语：in order 整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序in order that后接从句，而in order to后接动词原形【考题链接】At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _.A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place答案：A解题思路：A项的意思是看不见。而B项的意思是够不着，C项意为出故障，D项意为不合适，所以A项符合句意。6. get through用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；（设法与某人）联系上（尤指打通电话）【例句】I ve got through a lot of correspondence today. 今天我处理了一大批信件。I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get through (to you). 昨天我给你打了几次电话, 可是都没打通。【拓展】get的相关短语：get (sth.) across (to sb.)（使某事）传播或为人理解get along with 与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处；取得进展get away (from sb./.) 逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地）get off 离开某地或出发get away with sth. 偷携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；重视某事物；认真处理某事 get over (overcome) sth.克服；战胜；掌握某事物【考题链接】The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it. A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away答案：B解题思路：这里的get through为“完成”的意思，符合题意。7. ring back/off 回复电话/挂断电话【例句】Ill ask him to ring you back. 我会叫他给你回电话。He rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接（电话）他就挂断了。【拓展】ring的相关短语：ring.up 给打电话 give sb. a ring给某人打电话【考题链接】Were trying to ring you _, Bryan, but we think we took down your number incorrectly.A. back B. down C. out D. off答案：A 解题思路：本题考查短语意义。ring back回电话。即学即练1. Hardly could he _ this amount of work in such a short time. A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down2. His behaviour at the party last night seemed rather _, which surprised many of us. A. out of practice B. out of envyC. out of place D. out of shape 3. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in4. The manager told the assistants to _ all the customers names and address.A. set out B. set about C. set up D. set down5. Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German.A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside（三）重点句型句型学习1. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.句子分析there be结构中常插入seem，happen，ought to，must等词，使得句意发生变化。【例句】There shouldnt be any trouble since you have practiced a lot. 你练习了这么多，不应该有什么麻烦。There happened to be nobody when I got there.当我到那里的时候，碰巧没有人。【考题链接】_ nothing to worry about though the situation is not very good.A. There seems to have B. It seems to haveC. There seems to be D. It seems to be答案：C解题思路：这里考查的是there be结构，在there be 结构中插入 “seem to”，意为“看起来有”。2. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 句子分析这里的when cooled是状语从句的缩略现象。语言表达中，状语从句中的主语和系动词be常有同时被省略掉的现象，但需有两个前提条件：（1）从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为“be”；（2）省略后的结构为“连词现在分词”、“连词过去分词”及“连词介词短语”和“连词形容词(名词短语)”。【例句】While（I was） walking in the street, I heard my name called.在街上走的时候，我听到有人喊我的名字。If (it is) heated to a high temperature, water will boil.如果加热至高温，水就会沸腾。Once (it is)seen, the film can never be forgotten.一旦看过，这部影片就永远不会被忘记。I wont go to his birthday party even if (I am) invited.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加他的生日晚会。If (it is) necessary, Ill explain to you again.有必要的话，我会再给你解释一遍的。【考题链接】The boy will make a lot of trouble when_ alone.A. leaving B. leave C. left D. being left答案：C解题思路：句中when引导的时间状语从句补充完整后为when he is left alone.省略了主语he及动词is. 考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的表达形式。3. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.句子分析本句为only置于句首的倒装句，only加副词或介词短语位于句首时，后面句子应该用部分倒装。【例句】Only then did I realize that I was mistaken. 只有那时我才意识到我错了。Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work happily. 只有当战争结束以后，他才能够愉快地回到工作岗位上来。注意：如果only后的短语不是状语，则不用倒装结构。According to the new rule, only teachers can use this computer. 根据新规定，只有老师们才能使用这部电脑。【考题链接】Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize答案：D解题思路：考查only置于句首的倒装句，排除掉没有倒装的A、B两项后，根据时态：是离开父母之后才意识到对父母的爱，可知不能用过去完成时，故选择D项。即学即练1. Try to explain this new theory and give actual examples_.A. if it needed B. when necessaryC. where they are possible D. when you are possible2. Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realizeUnit 3 Inventors and inventions-Grammar 过去分词一、预习新知过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。二、预习点拨思考问题一：过去分词都可作哪些成分？思考问题二：找出本单元中含过去分词的句子（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项选择1. How did you like the lecture tonight?Very_ .I doubt if I will come to this kind of lecture next time.A. encouraging B. encouraged C. disappointing D. disappointed2. _and well get everything ready for the taking off.A. Have one more hour B. One more hourC. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour3. Why was he unhappy yesterday?A letter from home_ an attack of homesickness.A. set off B. set out C. set about D. set up4. Some parents dont allow their children to go online_ they are affected by something unhealthy.A. for fear that B. unless C. in only D. in case5. _homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little6. If it is quite_ to you，I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable7. In a time of social reform，peoples state of mind tends to keep_ with the rapid chance of society.A. faith B. pace C. company D. touch8. Can I speak to Mr. Brown，please?_Ill just see if hes here.A. Ring off B. Hold up C. Hang on D. Ring back9. Listen，there is some strange noise. This machine must be_.I think so. You must have it checked.A. out of order B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of control10. He_ the bag and brought out a couple of coins.A. put into B. dragged into C. dived into D. caught into11. Havent I told you already that you_ have my answer tomorrow morning?A. will B. shall C. should D. would12. Seeing the road_ with snow，we had to spend the holiday at home，watching TV.A. blocking B. to block C. blocked D. to be blocked13. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_ I could say a word.A. before B. until C. when D. after14. I read about it in some book or other，does it matter_ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which15. The picture of the park_ memories of our class trip last year，when Mr. Smith began to take charge of our class.A. called up B. reminded C. turned up D. came up二、翻译句子16. 看这对双胞胎姐妹，我几乎分不清她们，她们太相像了。(distinguish.from)_17. 他经常会有新奇的想法。(novel)_18. 在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。(associate)_19. 咱们的冰箱又坏了，我们别修了，最好买个新的。(out of order)_20. 地震期间，他无法和家人电话联系。(get through)_.三、完形填空Two teenagers who were lost at sea off the United States for six days were saved yesterday. Driscoll,15, and his best friend, 18yearold Josh Long，were_21_on Saturday about 11 km off Cape Fear in North Carolina. That was six days and more than 100 miles (161 km) from where they had_22_from Sullivans Island，South Carolina，on April 24.The boys had_23_a lot of water and were tired，but in pretty_24_shape.They set out_25_on a 4.3metre sailboat on a_26_day when the National Weather Service had warned small boats to stay out of the water.They_27_they were in trouble almost_28_and tried to swim back to the shore，_29_the boat along with them.Within_30_，they were far out at sea.“We lost our fishing equipment on the second day，”Driscoll said. “So we couldnt_31_any fish.”. The boys hopes_32_with each day. They stood on their boat_33_they saw another boat，_34_and shouting. One night they were woken up by_35_coming into the boat. A large ship was very close to them.“It was like some huge_36_in the water，”Driscoll said.At one point，the boys thought they had gone across the Atlantic Ocean and were close to Africa._37_，they were 179 km north of their _38_point.A coast guard boat set out to look for them.The boys got up and made some_39_.This time，they were heard.“What we have is a completely surprising story of_40_thats going to be studied for years to come,” said Richard Goerling, Longs uncle. “I think the boys have a book to write.”21. A. seenB. watchedC. noticedD. found22. A .took offB. set offC. broke offD. cut off23. A. drunkB. lostC. savedD. got24. A. goodB. healthyC. poorD. thin25. A. travelingB. racingC. fishingD. swimming26. A. fineB. rainyC. windyD. snowy27. A. realizedB. recognizedC. consideredD. concerned28. A. immediatelyB. soonC. eventuallyD. similarly29. A. drivingB. sailingC. pushingD. pulling30. A. weeksB. hoursC. minutesD. seconds31. A. buyB. takeC. catchD. sell32. A. declinedB. reducedC. increasedD. faded33. A. every timeB. the momentC. instantlyD. for the first time34. A. screamingB. wavingC. spreadingD. signing35. A. a sharkB. a mouseC. waterD. some noise36. A. glacierB. towerC. creatureD. building37. A. InsteadB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. Furthermore38. A. endingB. startingC. challengingD. endangering39. A. fireB. noiseC. balloonsD. flags40. A. voyageB. struggleC. survivalD. sailing四、阅读理解The writings of Shakespeare are today little read by young people in Britain. His young readership is limited to those who choose to study literature at university.Shakespeares work，together with most other classics，is seen as remote，and written in a 400yearold version of English that is about as inviting as toothache.Still，in British schools，it is compulsory to study the bard (诗人) ，and when something is made compulsory，usually the result is boredom，resentment (憎恨) or both.This was my experience of the classics at school. But