宾语从句学案

1 宾语从句学案宾语从句学案 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一 它是用一个句子做另一个句 子的宾语 将这个句子叫做宾语从句 宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语 现在从下列三 个方面总结归纳如下 一 引导词一 引导词 A 由由 that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句 在很多动词如引导的陈述句性的宾语从句 在很多动词如 say think wish hope see believe agree expect hear feel 等动词后 连词等动词后 连词 that 只起连接作用 在从句中不做句子的成分 只起连接作用 在从句中不做句子的成分 也无词汇意义 在口语中常被省略 但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好 特别是在笔语中 也无词汇意义 在口语中常被省略 但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好 特别是在笔语中 eg I told him that he was wrong 在 think believe suppose expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中 有时谓语尽管是否定意义 却不 用否定形式 而将 think 等动词变为否定形式 eg I don t think you are right 我认为你做的不对 在许多带有复合宾语的句子中 that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面 而用 it 做形式 宾语 eg We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的 B 由连词由连词 if whether 引导的表示引导的表示 是否是否 的宾语从句 的宾语从句 Whether if 在从句中不做句子在从句中不做句子 的成分 一般情况下 的成分 一般情况下 whether 和和 if 可以替换 可以替换 eg I don t know if whether he will come tomorrow The teacher asked if whether we had finished the experiment 在介词后面的宾语从句中不用 if 引导 eg Everything depends on whether we have enough money 宾语从句中有 or not 时不用 if 引导 eg I don t know whether the movie star will come or not 和不定式连用作宾语时不用 if 引导 eg Whether to go there or not hasn t been decided C 由由 wh 引导的宾语从句 连接代词引导的宾语从句 连接代词 who whom whose what which 和连接副词和连接副词 when where why how 等连接的宾语从句 它们在句中即有连接从句的作用 又在句中充当句等连接的宾语从句 它们在句中即有连接从句的作用 又在句中充当句 子的成分 子的成分 eg Do you know which film they are talking about which 做定语 I don t know where he lives where 做地点状语 二 宾语从句的语序二 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序 既连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 2 eg I believe that they will come soon He asked me whether I was a teacher They wanted to know what they can do for us 三 宾语从句的时态三 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制 既 主句是一般现在时态 从句根据实际情况而定 主句是一般过去时态 从句用相应的过去的时态 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前 则从句要用过去完成时态 eg 1 She says that she is a student She said that she was a student 2 She says that she will fly to Japan in a week She said that she would fly to Japan in a week 3 She says that she has finished her homework already She said that she had finished her homework already 4 She says that she can sing a song in English She said that she could sing a song in English 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理 自然现象或事实时 这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态 eg The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun He told me that Japan is an island country Could you tell me 是用来征询对方的意见 语气委婉 并不表示过去 eg Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum 注意事项 由陈述句变成宾语从句时 要注意人称的变化 eg She said I have been to England before She said that she had been to England before She asked me Do you like maths She asked me if I liked maths 宾语从句与简单句的交换 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时 可以用 疑问词 不定式 做宾语的简单句结构 eg I don t know what I should do next I don t know what to do next He didn t know where he would live 3 He didn t know where to live 宾语从句专练宾语从句专练 1 She asked me if I knew A whose pen is it B whose pen it was C whose pen it is D whose pen was it 2 I don t know he still lives here after so many years A whether B where C what D when 3 I don t know he will come tomorrow he comes I ll tell you A if whether B whether whether C if That D if If 4 The small children don t know A what is their stockings in B where is in their stockings C where is their stocking in D what in their stockings 5 Can you tell me A when does the ship leave B when the ship will leave C when the ship leave D when will the ship leave 6 Can you tell me A when did he come B when he came C when did he came D he came when 7 Can you tell me the radio A how did he mend B what did he mend C how he mended D what he mended 8 He asked his father A where it happens B where did it happen C how it happened D how did it happen 9 I didn t know what colour A is the bag B the bag is C was the bag D the bag was 10 Could you tell me with the money A how to do B what should I do C how should I do D what I should do 11 Do you know during the coming summer holiday A what will Tom do B what did Tom do C what Tom will do D what Tom did 12 I want to know A what is his name B what s his name C that his name is D what his name is 13 Do you know I could pass the exam A that B whether C what D which 14 Jim doesn t understand A which is the way to the museum B why his wife always goes shopping C what is the way to the museum D why does she always go shopping 15 Could you tell me she is looking for A that B whose C who D which 16 Mr King didn t know yesterday evening A when does his son come home B when his son comes home C when did his son come home D when his son came home 17 Could you tell me the bike this morning 4 A how does he mend B how he mends C how he mended D how did he mend 18 I m waiting for the mail Do you know it will arrive Usually it comes by 4 00 A how B where C when D what 19 Excuse me would you please tell me Certainly Go straight along here It s next to a hospital A how we can get to the post office B how can we get to the post office C how get to the post office D how could we get to the post office 20 Can I help you Yes I d like a ticket to Mount Emei Can you tell me take to get there A how soon will it B how soon it will C how long it will D how long will it 21 He wanted to know A whether he speaks at the meeting B when the meeting would start C what he s going to do at the meeting D where would the meeting be held 22 Could you tell me the Bamboo Garden The day after tomorrow I think A when will you visit B when you will visit C when would you visit D when you would visit 23 Would you please tell me next Mr Wang A what should we do B we should do what C what we should do D should we do what 24 You can t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents A how they were excited B how excited they were C how excited were they D they were how excited 25 I want to know you will come back at 8 00 tomorrow A that B when C where D whether 26 Could you tell me Sorry I don t know I was not at the meeting A what does he say at the meeting B what di