StructuresinUse、GrammarinUse (2)

定语从句定语从句 一 定语从句一 定语从句 1 定语从句三步 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主语 宾语或状语 第三选择合适的关联词 2 定语从句在选择关联词 that 与 which 时 常常容易出错 所以应记住什么 时候只能用 that 什么时候只能用 which 1 只能用 that 的情况归纳 4 种 即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过 先行 词为 all everything nothing 等不定代词 先行词同时是人和物并列时 最后 先行词分别被 the only the very the same the last 修饰 请看下列四组例句 注意其先行词 The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson Later my father and Mr Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school This is the very dictionary that I want to find 2 只用 which is 情况有两种情况 一是非限制性定语从句 关联词要用 which 二是做介词宾语时只能用 which 请看下列两组例句 I said nothing which made him more angry I have the book about which you are talking 三 在定语从句的非限制性定语中 which 和 as 是容易混淆的 在很多情况下 两者兼可互换 但在下列情况中不可互换 1 通常 As 可以放在整句的句首 而 which 只能在逗号之后 as 本身含 有 正如 as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语 As appear from her paper she has read widely in Romantic literature She is remarkable as I have told you 2 which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词 指前句整 个的意思 如 She has married again which surprises us 四 在定语从句中 许多人往往分不清 all that 和 what what 实际上只引导名 词性从句 它相当于 all that 两个字 例如 All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place what I know is that 定语从句定语从句 知识要点 知识要点 一 限定性定语从句 一 限定性定语从句 种类先行词关联词例句说明 定 语 从 句 人 在从句 中做主 语或宾 语 物 在从句 中做主 语或宾 语 who which This is the doctor who saved the boy s life 这就是救了孩子生命的医生 She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you 她就是我要介绍给你的新学 生 Please pass me the book which is lying on the table 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书 The novel which Tom bought is very interesting 汤姆买的小说很有意思 Can you lend me the magazine who 在从句中做主语 whom 在从句中做宾 语 口语中 who 可 以代替 whom 也可 以被省去 但做介词 宾语时只能用 whom which 在从句中做主 语 which 充当宾语时可 以省去 which 做介词宾语不 可省 about which you talked yesterday 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志 借给我吗 种类先行词 关联 词 例 句说 明 定 语 从 句 人 或 物 的 whose The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr Williams 那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英 语 The professor the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr Williams The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired 那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好 了 The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired whose 在从句中 做定语 指某人的也可以 用 of whom 代 替 whose 指物时也可以 用 of which 代 替 whose 人 或 thatThe woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang 正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐 I d like to see the films that are just on show 我想看那些刚上映的电影 that 指人做主语 that 指物做主语 种类先行词关联 词 例 句说 明 物 all little much 和 some any every no 构成的合 成代词 人 或 物 that that They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school 他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人 和事 谈了大约有半个小时 I ll tell you all that I know about it 我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情 况 Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我可以帮助做的事吗 I ve brought everything that you need 我把你需要的东西都拿来了 This is the best film that I have seen 这是我看过的最好的一部电影 The first place that we ll visit is Beijing Library 我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书 馆 先行词分别表示 人和物 关系代 词要用 that 不 用 who 或 which 先行词表示物 关系代词用 that 不用 which 在从 句中做宾语可省 去 如果先行词 是人时 关系代 词不受制约 用 that 或 who whom 均可 先行词被形容词 最高级或序数词 修饰时定语从句 用 that 引导 人 或 thatHe is the only person that is believable 他是唯一可靠的人 John is the very person that she wants to see 约翰正是她要见的人 Who is the man that is talking with Tom 正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁 先行词被 the only the very the same 等修饰时用 关系代词 that 当主句以 who which 开头 定 语 从 句 物 Which of the books that you bought is easy to read 你买的那些书中哪一本容易读 的特殊疑问句时 定语从句要用 that 时 间 whenHe came at a time when we needed him most 他在我们最需要的时候来了 We ll never forget the day when the People s Republic of China was founded 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成 立的那一天 在定语从句中作 时间状语 注 先行词是 time minute moment next tim 很少用关系副词 when 可用 that 但通常省去 地点 where This is the room where he put up for the night 这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子 在定语从句中作地点状 语 原因 理由 whyI know the reason why she studies so well 我知道她学习好的原因 在定语从句中作原因状 语 2 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 种类先行 词 关联 词 例 句说 明 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 人 物 没有 固定 的先 行词 而是 一个 句子 who whom which which as George who is my classmate has won a scholarship 乔治获得了奖学金 他是我 的同学 Dr Li whom I know very well will come here tomorrow 李大夫明天将来这儿 我跟 他很熟悉 I gave him a New Year card which he enjoyed very much 我给他一张贺年卡 他很喜 欢它 He studies hard at school when he was young which leads to his success in his later life 他年轻时在校学习努力 这 导致了他后来生活中的成功 He gets up early as is always his habit 他总是早起床 这是他的习 惯 John was admitted into the college as we had expected 约翰被大学录取了 这是我 们期待的 The earth as is known to all who whom 不能省去 也不 能用 that 代替 which 指物 不可省去 也 不能用 that 代替 which 作主语指它前面的整 个句子 不可用 that 代替 强调结果 as 指全句 在从句中做主语 as 指全句意思 在从句中做 宾语 as 引导的定语从句可以放在 句首 句中或句末 is round 人人皆知 地球是圆的 This is the same book as I lost yesterday 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本 书一样 用于 the same as such as as as 等结构中 3 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的 定语 如果省去 主句的 意思就会不完整或不明确 从句只是对先行词的附加