复杂句、长句分析(学生用).docx

SAT Critical Reading 紫铭教育 Eleven XIESAT OG 部分长难句、复杂句剖析SAT阅读学习方法：任何一篇阅读，都是按照这个顺序来到：词汇句子段落文章题目综合练习总结复习方法阅读文章的出题背景的四大原则，这个不仅是读文章的依据，也是答题方法的基础第一、公平性原则：同一知识平台；策略：需要补充一定的社科类文化知识，涉及北美地区的历史、地理、文化及部分欧洲历史第二、公正性原则：宣扬正面的东西，具体而言，保护弱势群体，或为弱势群体声讨（黑人，女人，少数名字，黑人女人），作者态度积极，健康；策略：善于把握；作为学术类考试，为了满足其学术特征，文章在作者写作的过程中不会采取任何过激、模糊地态度。第三、严谨性原则：SAT答案完全来自文章本身；策略：做题的时候强调的是严格的线性逻辑思维推理能力，而不是模糊思维方式和发散式思维方式。第四、重复性原则：主要是文章取材重复、词汇重复、题型重复（可为学生做适当地扩充。）为什么讲长难句：通常复杂句放在关键位置上，影响段落理解。在SAT考试中，难句具有以下特征：修饰性成分过多、固定短语被分割、双重否定句、倒装句。其中，符合修饰性成分过多的句子最为常见。 修饰性成分过多的句子：For instance, the very women who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of the female heart that he showed in his novels were appalled to discover how insensitive and awkward the real man could be.固定短语被分割的句子：Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action to the status of being wholly condemned.双重否定句：However, it is nave to assume that any cultures history is perceived without subjective prejudice.倒装句：Only when a system possess natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeology.（水文地质学）练习：（均来自O.G）第一类：修饰成分过多1. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.2. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.3. That nineteenth-century French novelist Honore de Blazac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in life was an irony duplicated in other matters.4. There is nothing wrong with attempting to make the often difficult and complex findings of science available to a wider audience.5. There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end6. A poignant account of the violation of a womans virtue stood a much better chance of appealing to northern sensibilities than a pronouncement for womans individual rights, if only because such an account reaffirmed womans essentially domestic nature7. Few ideas are more deeply entrenched in our political culture than that of impending ecological doom8. She circulated a petition for a meeting in 1858 to protest an impending execution and to support a law making life imprisonment the punishment for capital crime9. Douglass supported the society but took issue with the move held by Secretary Amelia Bloomer to limit to woman the right to hold its office.10. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition11. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued12. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of he middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading13. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform14. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.15. Captured document which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-ofwar reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially16. A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research17. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music18. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have19. This is precisely what alarms the sighted reader who thinks of reading as a private and intensely personal act, a solo flight with no copilot to look over your shoulder, make snide comments, or gush about the view20. (1)He wore the blue bag in the manner of my great coat , (2)and was strutting along the pavement towards me on the opposite side of the street, (3)attended by a company of delighted young friends to whom he from time to time exclaimed ,with a wave of his hand ,”Dont know yah!”21. But because Colonial Williamsburg offers not a segment of the history of a fine art, but a model of an ongoing community, it is intelligible and interesting to nearly everybody22. (1)That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static, (2)a supremely efficient adaptive system geared for evolution and change, (3)ceaselessly adapting to the needs of the organism-its need, above all, to construct a coherent self and world, whatever defects or disorders of brain function befall it23. This sense of the brains remarkable plasticity , its capacity for the most striking adaptations, not the least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural or sensory mishap , has come to dominate my own perception of my patients and their lives.24. For instance, the very woman (1)who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of the female heart(2) he showed in his novels were appalled to discover how insensitive and awkward the real man could be25. However many directors and high officials of all sorts came and went , he was always seen in the same place , at the very same duty, so that they used to declare that he must have seen born a perpetual titular councilor in uniform all complete and with a bald patch on his head26. The Grateful Dead for whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident that if we let fans tape concerts and freely reproduce those tapes-“stealing” our intellectual “property” just like those heinous Napsterians -the tapes would become a marketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium in America27. Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are promoted to utter about animals tracking28. The concept of two warring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for Du Bois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis, the official journal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP), as when he had first used the image at the start of the century29. Perhaps the most devastating single criticism of the authenticity of the museum design has been that excavation of the original villa site has been so incomplete that there is insufficient knowledge available even to attempt a legitimate re-creation30. The belief that it is harmful to the Black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects小结：从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；状语从句。句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等等)；2、介词短语修饰；3、分词修饰；4、不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。5、比较级的干扰。打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语一义，造成理解的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。攻略：高级：直接读，见后。初级：去掉所有修饰成分，直接读出主谓宾来。考查能力：考查考生的大脑容量+抗干扰能力。第二类：倒装由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末；也是一种人为现象1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2. What becomes apparent from assessing scientific accomplishment is that only relatively recently has the necessary technology been developed for solving the mysteries of genetics攻略：常见倒装形式：never, seldom, little, nor, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only等表示否定的连词或副词位于句首时，全句需要倒装，由only引导的从句位于句首时，主句亦应倒装。第三类：双重否定或者多重否定1. Indeed, few womens rights conventions were held during the 1850s at which Douglass was not a featured speaker and whose proceeding were not fully reported in his paper.2. Anyone who has read Edward Snows highly personal and poetic study of Vemeer is unlikely to be able to meet the gaze of the young woman in the G