高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第二节 方法运用于命题课件.ppt

第二节方法运用于命题 专题一阅读理解 栏目索引 阅读理解的常考命题 跟踪训练 1 细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大 但这部分题目相对来说比较简单 只要通过题干的关键词 在文中找到题目的相关信息 仔细对比 就能得出答案 其正确选项特征为 同义替换 语言简化 正话反说等 其干扰项特征为 张冠李戴 无中生有 曲解文意 颠倒是非等 阅读理解的常考命题 2 词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大 词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力 考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词 词组或者句子含义的能力 而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围 要做好该类试题需要 利用上下文线索猜测词义 重述 定义 举例 同义词或近义词 反义词等 根据语法知识猜测词义 根据上下文逻辑猜测词义 根据构词法猜测词义 根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等 3 推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思 通过逻辑关系 研究细节 推敲作者的态度 理解文章寓意的能力 推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话 甚至是文章或段落的主题 弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键 其正确选项特征为 立足原文 只推一步 一般不可出现绝对概念 其干扰选项特征为 曲解文意 张冠李戴 偷梁换柱 无中生有 鱼目混珠 扩缩范围等 4 主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力 以概括中心大意 段落大意 选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现 其正确选项特征为 涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段 确定的范围恰当 既不太大 也不太小 精确性强 不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 其干扰选项特征为 过于笼统 不知所云 以偏概全 主次不分 移花接木 偷换概念 无中生有 生搬硬套等 点津 解答各类命题时往往是多法并举 而不是一种方法解决一种题 inthecomingmonths wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe toenjoyspeakingshakespeare splaysintheirownlanguage inourglobe withinthearchitectureshakespearewrotefor pleasecomeandjoinus 典例1 2017 全国 a nationaltheatreofchinabeijing chinesethisgreatoccasion 盛会 willbethenationaltheatreofchina sfirstvisittotheuk thecompany sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturychinesetheatre thisproductionofshakespeare srichard willbedirectedbythenational sassociatedirector wangxiaoying date time saturday28april 2 30pm sunday29april 1 30pm 6 30pm marjanishvilitheatretbilisi georgianoneofthemostfamoustheatresingeorgia themarjanishvili foundedin1928 appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld thisnewproductionofasyoulikeitishelmed 指导 bythecompany sartisticdirectorlevantsuladze date time friday18may 2 30pm saturday19may 7 30pm deafinitelytheatrelondon britishsignlanguage bsl bytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextoflove slabour slostintothephysicallanguageofbsl deafinitelytheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofshakespeare scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience date time tuesday22may 2 30pm wednesday23may 7 30pm habimanationaltheatretelaviv hebrewthehabimaisthecentreofhebrew languagetheatreworldwide foundedinmoscowafterthe1905revolution thecompanyeventuallysettledintelavivinthelate1920s since1958 theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofisrael thisproductionofshakespeare sthemerchantofvenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheuk date time monday28may 7 30pm tuesday29may 7 30pm 语篇解读本文是四则广告 属于应用文 文章主要介绍了四家剧院有关莎士比亚戏剧的演出信息 解析细节理解题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 根据 nationaltheatreofchinabeijing chinese 下面的第三句 thisproductionofshakespeare srichard willbedirectedbythenational sassociatedirector wangxiaoying 可知 将要在中国国家大剧院上演的是richard 故选a项 21 whichplaywillbeperformedbythenationaltheatreofchina a richard b love slabour slost c asyoulikeit d themerchantofvenice 答案 解析 22 23 21 解析细节理解题 可运用扫读法 关键信息定位法 题段一致法 位置特征法等解答该题 根据 deafinitelytheatrelondon britishsignlanguage bsl 下面的 bytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextoflove slabour slostintothephysicallanguageofbsl 可知 在deafinitelytheatre中 戏剧是用bsl 英国手语 来演出的 故选c项 22 whatisspecialaboutdeafinitelytheatre a ithastwogroupsofactors b itistheleadingtheatreinlondon c itperformsplaysinbsl d itisgoodatproducingcomedies 答案 解析 22 23 21 解析细节理解题 可运用扫读法 关键信息定位法 题段一致法 位置特征法等解答该题 根据题干中的inhebrew可以定位至habimanationaltheatre处 根据最后一部分内容 date time monday28may 7 30pm tuesday29may 7 30pm 可知 在5月29日是可以在hebrew看戏剧的 故选d项 23 whencanyouseeaplayinhebrew a onsaturday28april b onsunday29april c ontuesday22may d ontuesday29may 答案 解析 22 23 21 ifirstmetpaulnewmanin1968 whengeorgeroyhill thedirectorofbutchcassidyandthesundancekid introducedusinnewyorkcity whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilm itwantedsomebodyaswellknownaspaul hestoodupforme idon tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers 典例2 2017 全国 b thefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandthestingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandlivetv wewererespectfulofcraft 技艺 andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors humorous aggressive andmakingfunofeachother butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection thosewerealsoatthecore 核心 ofourrelationshipoffthescreen wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsomethingback hewithhisnewman sownfoodandhisholeinthewallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill andmewithsundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival paulandididn tseeeachotherallthatregularly butsharingthatbroughtustogether wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents ilastsawhimafewmonthsago he dbeeninandoutofthehospital heandibothknewwhatthedealwas andwedidn ttalkaboutit ourswasarelationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文 文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员paulnewman之间的友谊 解析细节理解题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 根据第一段第二句 whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilm itwantedsomebodyaswellknownaspaul hestoodupforme 可知 电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人 由此可以判断 作者不够出名 故选c项 24 whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst a paulnewmanwantedit b thestudiopowersdidn tlikehisagent c hewasn tfamousenough d thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse 答案 解析 25 26 24 27 25 whydidpaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship a theywereofthesameage b theyworkedinthesametheater c theywerebothgoodactors d theyhadsimilarcharacteristics 答案 解析 25 26 24 27 解析推理判断题 可运用扫读法 关键信息定位法 题段一致法 位置特征法等解答该题 根据第二段最后两句 bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors humorous aggressive andmakingfunofeachother butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection thosewerealsoatthecore 核心 ofourrelationshipoffthescreen 可知 作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默 有进取心 并互开对方的玩笑 即他们两人有相似的性格 故选d项 25 26 24 27 解析代词指代题 可运用关键信息定位法 题段一致法 扫读法等解答该题 根据第三段第一句 wesharedthebeliefthat 以及下面对belief的具体解释可知 画线处是指共同拥有这种 信念 使他们两人连在一起 故选a项 26 whatdoestheunderlinedword that inparagraph3referto a theirbelief b theircareforchildren c theirsuccess d theirsupportforeachother 答案 解析 25 26 24 27 解析写作意图题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 本文是按照时间顺序写的 从作者与保罗的最初相见 到友谊慢慢加深 以及几个月前去看生病的保罗 由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友 故选b项 27 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext a toshowhisloveoffilms b torememberafriend c tointroduceanewmovie d tosharehisactingexperience 答案 解析 25 26 24 27 a 2017 福建师大附中期中 formostseventhgraders lifedoesn tgetmuchharderthanahistorytest butforgrantreedofbellville ohio it shisowncurrenteventsthataresopainful honestly idon twanttodie grantsays lastyear doctorsatnationwidechildren shospitalincolumbusfoundatumor 肿瘤 ingrant sbrain theycutitout butthesurgerylefthimwithstroke likesymptoms plus hehadtogothroughmonthsofradiationandchemotherapytotrytostopthespreadofthedisease 跟踪训练 yet throughitall granthasshownremarkabledetermination whichheowes partly toohiostatefootball hisparents troyanddenise werebothintheosumarchingbandandfellinloveduringhalftimeofthemichigangame hiscatisnamedaftertheteambuckeye hiswardrobeispaintedscarlet thecoloroftheteam ssportswear thepointis almostnothingmatteredmoretograntthanohiostatefootball untilhegotsick ofcourse ididn tlikethewordcancer grantsays sohedecidednottousetheword instead thekidnamedhiscancermichiganandinsistedeveryoneinhisliferefertoitassuch becauseohiostatealwaysbeatsmichigan thatwassomethinghecouldunderstandandmakeitintoacompetition hewasgoingtobeatthisdisease it snowbeenmorethanayearsincegrantissuedthatannouncement andifyoulookathisscans dr randalatnationwidechildren ssays there snothingthere there sabigspace butthere snotumor grantisbeatingmichigan andalthoughmuchofithastogotoscience don tignorethesemantics 语义学 youhavetodosomethingtomakeitadiseaseyoucanfight andforgrant thatwasnamingitmichigan hisparentssay thisweekend ohiostateandmichiganwillbebattlingliketheirlivesdependonit butinthishouse thereedfamilywillbewatchingwithacalminsight it sjustagame 语篇解读grant得了癌症 但是他没有放弃 通过自己坚强的意志力和医学的帮助 战胜了病魔 语篇解读 解析段落大意题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 根据文章第一段的句子 lastyear doctorsatnationwidechildren shospitalincolumbusfoundatumor 肿瘤 ingrant sbrain 及为此接受的治疗等可知 该段主要介绍grant得了重病 故选b 1 what sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph a historyisadifficultsubject b grantsufferedaseriousdisease c theoperationwassuccessful d thetumorhasspreadallover 答案 解析 2 3 1 解析推理判断题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 根据文章第二段描述可知 grant天生是个足球迷 故选a 2 fromthesecondparagraph wecaninferthat a grantwasbornafootballfanb footballmakesafullmanc interestisthebestteacherd godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves 答案 解析 2 3 1 解析推理判断题 可运用扫读法 关键词法 关键信息定位法等解答该题 根据文章最后一段的句子 butinthishouse thereedfamilywillbewatchingwithacalminsight it sjustagame 可知 reed一家用冷静的视角看待比赛 说明他们对人生有了新的理解 故选c 3 bysayingthatit sjustagame wecaninferthatthereedfamily a haslostinterestinthematchbetweenohiostateandmichiganb believesmichiganwillsurelybeatohiostatethisweekendc hasabetterunderstandingoflifed viewsthematchasamatteroflifeanddeath 答案 解析 2 3 1 b 2017 湖北武汉调研 inswitzerland thelandofwatches trainsreallydorunlikeclockwork ifi m30secondslate thetrainisgone saidmichellekranz whocommutes 通勤 dailyintolucerne wheresheworksforthetouristboard stepacrosstheborder andyou reinadifferentuniverse italyhastworailschedules theoneprintedinthebrochureandtheother flashingupdates onaboardinthestation thefirstmaybeafantasy thesecond reality nexttoposteddepartures invariablyyouseetheword ritardato delayed saidricksteves whowritesguidebooksandrunsatourcompanycalledeuropethroughthebackdoorinedmonds wash yourtimeormytime whentraveling you reintheirtime andthatcanaffectalmosteverything catchingtrainsandbuses shopping gettingamealandmakingappointments knowingalittleabouttheculturecanpreventmuchofthefrustration it simportanttogowiththeflow stevessaid ifyougotoarestaurantinspainat7pm that sbadnews thestaffiseatingthen trygoingafter9pm asthespaniardsdo fortheswiss theearlierthebetter say6pm after10 atouristhopingforahotmealinswitzerlandjustmightgohungry however insomelatinamericannations hoursandminutesseemhardlytomatter inmexico guestsinvitedtoa6pmsocialdinnerthinknothingofshowinguptwoorthreehourslater saidterrimorrison whoisupdatinga1995guidesheco wrotecalledkiss boworshakehands howtodobusinessinmorethansixtycountriesforreleasenextyear infact it swisetoarriveatleastanhourlaterfordinnerinmexicocity morrisonsaid toavoidembarrassinganunpreparedhost therearemanytheoriesastowhytimedoesn tflyatthesamespeedaroundtheglobe climate economicsandculturemayplayarole 语篇解读本文描述了瑞士 意大利 西班牙 墨西哥等几个国家对于时间的理解 有些国家非常守时 而有些国家却经常推迟时间 不同的国家有不同的