形容词和副词三系doc.doc

伯乐教育大学路校区 牵手伯乐马到成功 听课人： 上课时间： 年 月 日 第 课形 容 词 和 副 词形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。1.形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.【题型体系】 1. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks _. A. more brighter B. more bright C. less bright D. much brighter2.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.【题型体系】Is there _you want to say?A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something3.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。【题型体系】The woman bough plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。4.形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。【题型体系】1. never help in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。5.表示数量的词组。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？【题型体系】1. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few形容词的比较级和最高级一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。二、比较级的构成：（1）规则变化：单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er” Eg: early-earlier happy-happier busy-busier以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular-more popular important-more important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good-better bad/ill-worse many/much-morelittle-less far-farther/further old-older/elder三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。【题型体系】1.That boy looks as as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong2表达“A不如B”用not asas的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as+BEg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesnt run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。3表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+BEg I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。【题型体系】1、Her brother is _than she. A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？【题型体系】1、The box is _heavy .I cant move it.A. much B. more C. enough D. too2、He is _more beuutiful than I.A. too B. enough C. much D. very2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.【题型体系】Her brother is _than she. A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older3“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 It is getting warmer and warmer天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful我们祖国越来越美了。4“the more， the more”表示“越，就越”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。【题型体系】 1. _ you eat butter, cream and chocolate, _ you will become.A. The more; the thinner B. The less; the fatterC. More; fatter D. The more; the fatter5“the moreof the two”表示“两个当中较。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1表达“是中最的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read.2表示“最的中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among【题型体系】1、The Famous People Talent Show was one of _that I have ever seen.A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.副词英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：We are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。【题型体系】He runs 。他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。【题型体系】He drove the jeep .他小心地开着吉普。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学？注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。【题型体系】 He has been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：Thats quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。【题型体系】She did badly.她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出门。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。【题型体系】We had got to the station when the train left.火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么时候来？How many days are there in a month?一个月有多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?长大以后，你打算干什么？【题型体系】 were you born?你是在那里出生的？ didnt he come?他为什么没有来？关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：Tell me the reason why you did it.把你这样做的理由告诉我。I dont know the place where we will go.我不知道我们将要去的地方。【题型体系】Its the sort of day youd like to stay in bed.这是个令人恋床不起的日子。同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。They arrived in Beijing at 8 oclock last evening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.【题型体系】He watched TV in his room .他作晚在房间里看电视。作业：( ) 1 He speaks English_his aunt.A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as( ) 2. Which do you like_, skating, swimming or fishing?A. more B. most C. better D. best( ) 3 Who sings_, Rose or Kate?A. well B. good C. better D. best( ) 4 She writes_than I.A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully( ) 5 The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly( ) 6 How _ the girls are playing!A. happy B. happier C. happy ly D. happily( ) 7 _ he drops in _ his friends after supper.A. Some times; for B. Sometimes; on C. Often; for D. Seldom; on( ) 8 In Britain tea _ with milk or sugar in it.A. usually drinks B. is usually drunkC. usually is drunk D. drank usually( ) 9 He_ to school to clean his classroom.A. always comes early B. comes always earlyC. always early comes D. come always earlier( ) 10 Better_than never.A. late B. the later C. later D. the late( ) 11 We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages _.A. lately B. late C. latest D. last( ) 12 I got up_today.A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late( ) 13 Today Tom goes to school earlier than_.A. as usual B. usual C. usually D. ago( ) 14 Today we do our homework at home _.A. than usual B. often C. usually D. as usual( ) 15 Alice_goes to school at seven.A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little( ) 16