考研阅读精读笔记(2001.doc

2001Passage OneL:specialization n.专业化 specialize v.split v.分离，裂开subject matter = subject n.主题a series of 一系列professionalization/professionalisation n.职业化 professionalize v.clear-cut a.清晰的；轮廓鲜明的draw distinction between A and B 区分A和Bamateur n.业余爱好者connotation n.隐含意义 connote egrate v.整合；使成一整体 integration n.consequent = resulting a.作为结果的，随之发生的laboratory = lab n.实验室illustrate v.阐明，举例说明；配插图geology n.地质学publications n.出版物in ones own right 就某人自身而言incorporate vt.收入，纳入，结合，合并reflect on 思考，考虑pursue studies 从事研究entrance n.进入；入口journal n.杂志，报纸reinforce vt.加强；增援introduction n.引入，引进；介绍refereeing n.注明出处供参考national a.全国性的；全国的；国家的；民族的local a.地方性的；地方的；各地的；当地的；局部的readership n.读者群differentiation n.区别under way 起步，开始；在进行中delay v./n.延迟，推延reckon v.认为write of = refer to = mention vt.提到hardship n.艰辛discrimination n.歧视；区别 discriminate v.the discrimination of A against B A对B的歧视expansion n.扩充；扩张；膨胀 expand v.Passage TwoL:a great deal of 许多(修饰不可数名词)so called = so-called a.所谓的lecture about = talk about vt.谈论looming a.潜在的commercialize vt.商业化universalize = spread = popularize vt.普及defeat vt./n.击败，打败impoverished = poor a.贫穷的impoverish vt.使贫穷；使枯竭get over 克服，战胜outdated a.过时的anti-colonial a.反殖民的with respect to A 关于/对于/至于Ainvasion n.侵略 invade v.sovereignty n.主权infrastructure n.基础设施infra (前缀)在下，下面foundation n.基础harbor n.港口port n.港口；港口城市the Dutch 荷兰人colony n.殖民地finance = fund vt.资助matter n.原因better off 更富裕well off 富裕badly off 经济情况窘迫lie vi.躺；位于wipe out 消灭justify vt.证明.是正当的；为.进行辩护 justification n.W:It is in the interest of sb to do . 做.符合sb的利益。It is in the interest of children to limit their access to the Internet.限制孩子上网符合他们的利益。guard against A 提防A，警惕AIt is a phenomenon we must guard against. 这是我们必须警惕的一种现象。attach importance to A 重视AMore and more people attach importance to reducing greenhouse gas emission.越来越多的人开始重视减少温室气体排放。be prejudiced against A 歧视A，对A有偏见Many men are prejudiced against women. 很多男性歧视女性。Passage ThreeL:distrust vt./n.不信任journalism n.新闻业credibility n.可信度 credible a.可信的project n.计划，项目sad to say 不幸的是factual a.事实的scratch v./n.抓，挠head-scratching a.令人挠头的，令人费解的puzzlement n.困惑 puzzle vt.in the world = on earth (表示强调语气)究竟，到底way ad.(强调比较级，无实际含义)plug v.塞入，填入in other words 换句话说story line （故事）情节newsroom n.新闻编辑室backbone n.脊椎；支柱ready-made a.现成的narrative a./n.叙述的；叙述alien a.外国的；不相容的be alien to A 与A格格不入，与A不同questionnaire n.问卷metropolitan a.大都市的resident n.居民 reside vi.居住at random 随意；随机live in upscale neighborhoods 住在高档社区maid n.女仆；少女volunteer a./n.志愿的；志愿者define vt.下定义；确定范围/界限broadly defined 范围较广的，广义上的elite n.精英astonish v.震惊inaccuracy n.不精确 inaccurate a.clash n./v.冲突world view = world outlook 世界观troubled a.有麻烦的，麻烦缠身的；不平静的hire v.雇佣；租用sponsor v./n.赞助；主办symposium n.讨论会，座谈会be dedicated to A 致力于Aflee vi.逃跑get around to doing 抽出时间/找到时间做.complain about/of A 抱怨A；投诉Acomplaint n.抱怨；投诉diversity n.多元，多样；多样化 diverse a.outlook n.观点，见解；前景，展望illuminating a.有启发作用的 illuminate v.tendency n.趋势；倾向 tend v.likeliness n.可能性S:In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.换句话说，在新闻编辑室的文化中，有一个惯用的情节，这个情节为新闻提供了支柱和现成的叙述结构，否则，新闻会令人感到很难理解。换句话说，在新闻行业，有一个惯用的报道模式，这个模式为新闻提供了支柱和现成的叙述结构，否则，新闻会令人感到很难理解。Passage FourL:go through 经历merger n.合并，并购，兼并 merge vi.acquisition n.获取，并购 acquire v.hyperactive a.极其活跃hyper (前缀)表示超级，超过，高过emerging a.新兴的；正在出现的unsurpassed a.未被超越的，无与伦比的surpass v.超越might n.力量concentration n.集中，集结multinational a.多国的，跨国的；跨民族的 n.跨国公司affiliate n.分支机构 vt.使加入，使隶属segment n.部分ultimate a.最后的，最终的massive a.大规模的，大的underlie v.位于.之下；是.的基础；引起globalization n.全球化 globalize v.barrier n.障碍meet ones demands/needs/requirements 满足某人的需求/要求detrimental a.有害的scanty a.缺乏的，不足的，稀少的trust n.托拉斯(一种垄断组织)break up 分散，肢解；破碎on the contrary 相反mega 大；百万megamerger n.大规模的合并supervise v.监督 supervision n.operate v.发挥作用；操纵，操作resort n.求助；求助的事物/人；能够提供帮助的事物/人；常去的地方last resort 最后的手段，最后的希望lend n./v.借，出借lender of last resort 能给予最后帮助的事物/人gigantic a.巨大的infringement n.破坏，侵犯，违反 infringe v.take sth on/upon oneself 承担sthtake in 吸纳；吸收；使上当，欺骗abroad ad./a.国外trade vi.交易surplus a./n.多余的S:Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?面对正在被建立的那些超级银行，谁去监督，谁去管理，谁又作为最后帮助的提供者去发挥作用？面对正在被建立的那些超级银行，谁去监督，谁去管理，当普通消费者的利益受到这些垄断集团的侵害，谁又能够给普通消费者提供最后的帮助？Passage FiveL:quit v.放弃full time 全职的 part time 兼职的employment n.工作，职业；雇佣lateral a.侧面的；横向的lateral move 平级调动block v.阻挡，阻碍 n.木块，石块；街区high profile 引人注意的；高姿态的，高调的in the manner of 采用.的方式/方法disgrace n./v.屈辱；使屈辱minister n.部长，大臣；牧师cover v.掩饰；覆盖；报道exit n.退出；出口curiously ad.奇怪的是；稀奇的是；好奇地term A B 把A称作Btired a.陈旧的，毫无新意的；破旧的；疲劳的excuse n.借口transform v.改变passionate a.充满激情的，热情的 passion n.philosophy n.哲学；哲学体系；人生观preach v.宣扬；布道，传教She magazine = She 一份女性杂志的名字settle for A 勉强接受，接受publicize v.宣传；广告resignation n.辞职 resign v.editorship n.编辑职位build up v./n. 逐渐累积/建立/形成doctrine n.教条，学说，观念juggle v.耍戏法；同时做两件以上的事juggle ones life 本文中指试图在成为成功的职业女性的同时，还能享受家庭生活的温馨从容alternative a.选择的，二选一的make the alternative move 做出一个不同的选择downshift v.调低汽车的档速downshifting n.减速；本文中指不再热衷于追求名利，淡泊一点bring A with B = bring with B A 随着B带来A（如果A太长，就用第二个短语，语法上称为动宾分割。）pressure n./v.压；压力deadline n.截止日期fearful n.可怕的strain n.压力politics n.政治；政治学；斗争，冲突关系；方法，策略；政见，观点office politics 职场争斗，职场厚黑学limitation n.限制；局限性quality time 家人之间，尤其是父母与小孩交流、玩耍等此类共同生活的时间materialistic a.拜金主义的，物质化的；唯物主义的well-established 既定的，由来已久的voluntary a.志愿的，自愿的simplicity n.简单；朴素ironically ad.讽刺地；具有讽刺意味的是 ironical a. irony n.breed v.(bred, bred) 产生；哺育a number of = many 许多best-selling a.畅销的 best-seller n.畅销的商品self-help a.自助的simplify v.简化newsletter n.时事通讯，简报tip n.建议；有用的消息recycle v./n.再循环，再利用cling-film n.保鲜膜soap n.肥皂achieve v.实现；达到equivalent n.对等事物；等价事物mass n.快；大量redundancy n.冗余，多余；冗员，多余的人员thrift n.节俭 thrifty a.acquaintance n.认识，结识；了解；熟人people of my acquaintance 我所认识的人seek to do = try to do 试图做，想要做urge v./n.催促；驱策be urged to do 受到(内心的)驱策去做，不得不做mythical a.神话的；想象的；虚构的risk doing 冒着做.的风险organic a.有机的，绿色的(未受污染)；器官的，有机体的；自然的，简单的compel = force = oblige = constrain vt.强迫，迫使step out 走出，离开too . to 太.而不能 (但too前面出现only，all，词组的否定意义消失，例如only too eager to do = very eager to do)mold vt. = shape 形成lead sb to do = prompt sb to do = make sb do 使sb做.lead to A 导致AA characterized by B 有B这样一个特点的Aadventurous a.冒险的 adventure n.S:My experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.我在美国人将其称作“淡泊名利”这方面所做的实验，把我那个毫无新意的借口变成了绝对的现实。I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.我已经发现，正如凯尔西在积累了很多压力，从“She”杂志的编辑岗位上做出她被广泛报道的辞职之后，很可能也会发现，放弃“工作生活两手都抓”的教条，做一个不同的选择，开始“淡泊名利”，随之带来的回报要比经济上的成功和社会地位要大得多。. there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-90s equivalent of dropping out.对那些想在90年代中期做出与（过去人们的）退隐相似行为的人来说，甚至也有一些组织可以给他们提供帮助。A