初二8B、9A.doc

初二8B9AUnit1语法总复习8BUnit1现在完成时现在完成时： 1，到目前为止已经完成的动作2，过去某一动作对现在造成的影响构成：主语 + havehas +V过去分词（Vpp）否定：主语 + havehas + not + V过去分词（Vpp）疑问：havehas + not + 主语 +V过去分词（Vpp）?用法：1，ever, yet, just, already 2, never, before, today, now 3, for + 一段时间，how long 4, since + 一段时间 + agosince two years ago 时间点 since 1997 从句（用一般过去时） since she was 13 years old. 5, induring the pastlast years 6, so far , ever ,since 7, once, twice how many timeswords 8, these days 9, Where is he ? He has gone to10, recently几个重要的用于现在完成时的典型时间副词的用法的注意点。1,肯定句含有already否定句改为yet（放在句末）2，for + 一段时间 =since + 一段时间 +ago （for two years=since two years ago）3,never 一般和before连用.中考习题再现：（）1，-youyour drawing？ -Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.(2009.陕西省)A. Did; finish B.Will; finishC.Do; finishD.Have; finished（ ）2，-Have you ever been to Mount Tai。-Yes. Ithere last year.(2009.福建龙岩)A. wentB. have goneC. am going D. go3，张老师在这所学校工作已经三年了。 (2009.江苏宿迁)Mr Zhang in this schoolalready.语法专题一， 用所给动词的适当形式填空1，They (go) to the shopping center already.2, Mr Green(not come)back to China yet.3, They(not see) the film yet.4, My brother (be) to England twice.5, I(know) the boy since 1993.二， 在下列句子中选用already，ever，just，never，yet，before填空。1, I know a little about England because I havebeen there.2, Have you seen this kind of flower?3, Im full, and thank you very much. Ive had my lunch.4, Have you lost your bike ?5, You have already finished your work, but I havent .8BUnit2 现在完成时的两个易考形式 一，have (has) been &have（has） goneHave been to “去过/到过某地（人已经回来了）”显著标志词：ever, never, before, twice, three timesHave gone to “去某地了（人还没有回来）”显著标志：前后有类似以下的句子时，要用have gone to He will come back next week. He isnt here/there/at home. Where is he?Have been in“在某地待着” 常与表示时间段的状语连用。Tips：遇到四个地点副词here, there, home, abroad 时，无须加to。所以have been有两种意思，具体看上下文理解。二， 短暂性动词和延续性动词之现在完成时短暂性动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。当遇到时间状语时，应该把短暂性动词改为延续性动词。e.g.可以说： He has left here.不可以说：He has left here for three years. 可以变成：He has been away from here for three years. 几个必须掌握的短暂性的动词变为延续性的动词 Buy-haveborrow-keeparrive-be in/at Leave-be away (from) join -be in/a member of die-be dead Get married-be marriedcome/go-be in/at begin/startbe on Stop/finish/end-be over原创 初二8B9AUnit1语法总复习(2)中考习题再现： 1, Im sorry to hear that his father died five years ago.(改为同义句) (2009甘肃兰州) Im sorry to hear that his father has for five years. 2，-Mr Smith came to China six years ago. (改为同义句) (2009湖北孝感) -Mr Smithin China for six years. 3,( )-Where is your father, Leo? -He is in Hainan on vacation. Hefor two weeks.(2009四川达州) A. has been awayB. has left C. has gone D. left 4,( )- to Tibet? -No, never . But Im planning to go there next year. (2009湖北仙桃) A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go 5,()-Where are the Greens, may I ask? -Well, theyto England .They have been there for nearly a week now. (2009吉林通化) A. have beenB. are going to C. have gone D. will go 语法专题 一，用have been（ to ），have gone （to） ， have been （in） 填空 1，They the forest alone and returned safely. 2, TomJims home, but he hasnt come back. 3, I like the Mount Red Park, so I there many times this week. 4, Sally isnt at home. She abroad. 5, HeLondon for half a month. 二，同义句专练 1，The company opened two years ago. The company for two years. 2， Father joined the Party ten years ago. Fatherthe Partyten years ago. 3， Simon came here two hours ago.Simonhere for two hours. 4， I came to this school last year. Ia student of this school for a year. 5， I bought the computer in 2001. Ithe computer2001. 8BUnit34 被动语态 主动语态 ：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态 ：主语是动作的承受者。 主动语态结构变为被动语态的结构示意图： 主语+ 谓语 + 宾语 Everyonelikes Kate Kate is likedby everyone. 被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词（Vpp） 一般现在时的被动结构：amisare+Vpp 一般过去时的被动结构：waswere+Vpp 一般将来时的被动结构：willshallbe going to +be+ Vpp 现在完成时的被动语态：havehas + been +Vpp 含情态动词的被动结构：cancouldmustmaymight + be+Vpp原创 初二8B9AUnit1语法总复习(3)使用被动语态的几个特殊问题： 1， 带介词短语的不及物动词在变为被动语态时，介词不能漏掉。 Eg. The patients are looked after by the nurse. The babies are taken good care of. 2， 当动词由不带to的动词不定式做宾补时，在被动语态中，应加上“to”。 Eg. The teacher makes the boy read English every day. The boy is made to read English every day. 3， 当动词带双宾语时，在被动语态中，将其中的一个宾语作主语，另一个不动，如果是将指物的作主语，则在另一个指人的宾语前加上介词“to或for”，具体用哪一个根据动词定。 Eg. The teacher gave me a book. I was given a book by the teacher. A book was given to me by the teacher. 4, 主动句中含有宾语从句时，可以变成：It is + 动词过去分词 + that句型。 He said that they would connect a computer to a telephone line. It was said that they would connect a computer to a telephone line.： Take placesell well come out happen break out appear write well belong to 他们没有被动的形式！Tips： 中考习题再现： 1，The boy (take) to hospital at once after he fell off the tree.(2009.江苏常州) 2，They plant a lot of trees inour hometown every year.(2009.广州湛江) A lot of treesin our hometown every year. 3,How to protect ourselves should be(教)at school.(2009.湖北恩施) 4， You must throw the broken pottery away at once.(2009.广州广东) The broken potteryat once. 5, ( ) It is reported that more new teaching buildingsin our school in the next term.(2009.四川绵阳) A. will be builtB .was builtC. has built D. will build 语法专题 1, Young trees(water) well every day . 2, Thirty bikes(mend) by Uncle Wang last week. 3, Its said that the long bridge (built) in two months. 4, The lost boy (not find)so far. 5, The old man is ill. He(must send) to the hospital. 6, The stars cant(see) in the daytime. 7, How long the computer (keep) by your father already? 8, More books (donate) to this school next term. 9, Old people should (take) good care of. 10, The book(sell) well every day. 8BUnit5 “Used to”及“so。that”& “such。that” Aused to do sth “过去常常做某事”否定形式有两种 didnt use to do 等同于“often did sth in the past”usedt to do be used to do sth“被用来做某事” = be used for doing sth be/get used to sth“习惯于（做）某事” doing sth B. sothat “如此。以至于。”反义词组tooto “太。以至于不能。” suchthat sothat 后接形容词或副词 so +形容词/副词 + that + 从句 so +形容词 +a(n) + 可数名词单数 + that +从句 such.that. 后接名词或名词短语 such +a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+that+从句 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that + 从句 “Sothat” 还可以和 “be +形容词 + enough + to do ”相互转换。 Tips：当名词前面有many, much, few, little表示数量多少的限定时，应该用so. 中考习题再现： 1，（ ）It was weather that they decided to go out for a picnic.(无锡中考) A. such fine B. such a fineC. so fine D. so fine a 2, ( ) Can little mice eatmuch food? (常熟中考) A. so；suchB. so; so C. such; so D. such; such 原创 初二8B9AUnit1语法总复习(4)3, ( ) I like the pop starthat I never miss his concert. (南通中考) A. very muchB. too much C. quite much D. so much 4, Many doctors and nurses are so busy that they cant have meals. (北京中考) Many doctors and nurses are have meals. 5, ( ) Her son Coke, but now he milk. (2009。湖北恩施) A. used to drink; is used to drinking B. used to drinking; drink C. is used to drinking; used to drink D. is used to drink; is drinking 语法专题 1, ( ) My fatherus stories when I was young. A. was used to tellB. is used to telling C. are used to tell D. was used to telling 2, ( ) -Is your father a teacher ? -Well, he . A. used to B. was used toC. used to beD. is used to be 3, ( ) In the end, I hard work. A. got used to do B. used to do C. got used to doing D. used to doing 4, The question is very easy.Even my son can answer it. (同义句转换) Itseasy questioneven my son can answer it. 5，His parents are so poor that they cant buy a bike for him. (同义句转换) His parents arebuy a bike for him. 6，（ ）Dont worry。He isto look after little Betty. (2008.湖北施恩) A. carefully enoughB. enough carefulC. careful enoughD. enough carefully 7, （ ）The father is creative enoughtoo many nice toys for his daughter. A. buyingB. makingC. to buy D. to make 8,The house is so big that all of us can live in it. (同义句转换) The house is biglive in. 9, Peter is too weak to carry that heavy box.(同义句转换) Peter isweakhe cant carry the heavy box. Peter iscarry the heavy box. 10, ( ) He isnt to the middle school. A. young enough goingB. enough old goingC. old enough to goD. enough old to go 8BUnit6 it 做形式主语的结构 It is + 形容词 + that +从句 It is + 形容词 + to do sth It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth （形容词描述事情用for sb） It is + 形容词 + of sb to do sth (形容词描述行为者的性格，品质用of sb) 中考习题再现： 1，（ ）Its dangerous for you that tall tree. (芜湖中考) A. climb B. to climb C. climbingD. climbed 2, ( ) It is that some young people in China are starting to show interest in Peking Opera. （大连中考） A. crazy B. sad C. usefulD. nice 3, ( ) -They are discussing what to do for the disabled. （宜昌中考） - is necessary to provide them with more positions. (职位) A. That B. This C. It D. There 4, 我们中的一些人瞧不起残疾人是错误的。（完成句子）（宿迁中考） some of us look down on the disabled. 5, It is important for us(take) action to prevent A Flu H1N1（甲型H1N1流感） spreading. (2009. 江苏泰州) 语法专题 一，同义句转换 1， Smoking is bad for your health. bad for your health . 2, It is necessary that we help the poor children. It is necessary the poor children. 3 , You are clever .You can work out the problem by yourself. you to work out the problem by yourself. 4, David is kind to show me the way to the Palace Museum. Its kind of Davidthe way to the Palace Museum. 5, To learn English well is very important for each student. very importantto learn English well. 二， 选择题 （ ）1，Itsof you to lend me the bike. A. important B. kind C. necessary D. happy ( ) 2, The headmaster said ,“ our hope that every one of the students in our school can go to college after they finish high school.” A. This is B. There isC. That isD. It is ( ) 3,It was sillyyou to give up things that we all wanted. A. for; to do B. for; doingC. of; to do D. of; doing () 4, necessary that you hand in your homework on time every day. A. Thats B. ItsC. Youre D. This is ( ) 5,Its interesting many places of interest from all over the world. A. visitingB. to visit C. visit D. visited原创 初二8B9AUnit1语法总复习(5)9AUnit1 一，“It is +形容词 + ofsb+ to do” 见8B Unit6 二，“be + 形容词 +enough + to do ”见8B Unit5 二， 句子的成分 1， 主语： 主语是谓语动词的实施者，相当于句子的主题，主语可由名词，代词，不定式，v- ing 形式，从句等来担任。 2， 谓语： 谓语是主语发生的行为或用来说明主语的情况。谓语由动词担任。 3， 表语： 当一个句子由“连系动词+其他成分”构成用来说明主语的某种状态时，连系动词之后的成分称为表语，表语可由名词，形容词，介词短语，V-ing形式，不定式或从句等来担任。 4， 宾语： 宾语是主语动作的对象。名词，代词，不定式，v-ing形式，从句等都可用来做宾语。有些动词可带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语用来表示动词对谁而做或为谁而做。 5， 定语： 定语是用来限定或修饰名词的。形容词，名词，代词，v-ing形式，过去分词，介词短语，不定式，从句等均可用来作定语。 6， 状语： 状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子的。副词，介词短语，不定式，v-ing形式，过去分词，从句等均可用来作状语。 7， 补语： 补语通常用来完成宾语的意思，这种补足语我们叫做宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的可以是名词，形容词，副词，v-ing过去分词，不定式等。 中考习题再现： 1，（ ） Dont worry .He is to look after little Betty.(湖北恩施) A. carefully enoughB. enough careful C. careful enough D. enough carefully 2,（ ） more information about the trip, you can go to .(江西中考) A. Find B. FindingC. To find D. Found 3, ( ) The father is creative enough too many nice toys for his daughter. A. buying B. makingC. to buyD. to make Exercises:( 易错题集) 一， 用适当的单词填空： 1，Where is my pen ? How strange ! It(be) here just a moment ago. 2, They (know) the boy since 1993. 3, -you(find) your watch?-Yes, I . - When you(find) it?- Justnow. 4, Shanghai(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it(become) a large city. 5, Well have a good time(climb) the hills. 6, Of all the fast food, I like the Hello Kitty apple pie (well) 7, Everything(be)beautiful when it snowed. 8, Smoking is (有害的) to our health. 9, A(care) doctor pulled out one of her good teeth. 10, These books are (use) to me. I dont want to buy them. 11, Our plane left at 8:45 and landed sin Beijing. 12, We were so excited that all of us kept cour hands. 13, What(write) on the sign?14, All the machines are(control) by one computer. 15, News programmes(show) on TV every day. 16, Tea (drink)all over the world. 17, Cities will be greener if more trees(plant) 18, He (take) to hospital after the accident last night. 19, This machine (look) like a radio. 20, He has little (know) of English grammar and vocabulary. 21, Listen! Who(sing) beautifully? 22, You (be) the host of the party, werent you? 23, She seems(be) ill. She cant go to school to