《大学英语四》复习思考题

0179 大学英语四大学英语四 复习思考题复习思考题 Part I Reading Comprehension Directions There are 15 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions For each question there are four suggested answers marked a b c and d You should choose the ONE best answer Then Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage In the United States the way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity Perhaps everybody does nearly the same thing all day in the office or the factory but leisure time is what makes people distinct and reveals who they are Some people like rock music for example and others may like jazz or classical music Some people are runners or swimmers and others are couch 睡椅 potatoes who surf the television channels with a remote control Some go to museums while others spend long hours at a shopping center These kinds of choices are ways that people define themselves It hasn t always been this way Leisure time was almost unknown in the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries When most people worked on farms the workday was from sunrise to sunset every day except Sunday which was devoted to church Later with the rise of factories and city populations people worked equally long hours and had only Sunday for rest Some people did many of the things then that they do now attend concerts have parties go to restaurants read novels or play sports but to a much lesser extent Slowly throughout the twentieth century leisure time grew Technology made farm work less burdensome and changes in laws shortened the factory work day and week New inventions such as the phonograph and the radio gave people access to music and mass entertainment on a scale unknown before People gradually became consumers of entertainment and businesses competed fiercely for their dollars For many people leisure time means going somewhere to a museum to a concert to a restaurant or to a baseball game for example Or it means doing something such as playing volleyball backpacking swimming biking or playing in a park with their children For other people free time means staying home with wonderful sources of entertainment such as a VCR stereo 立体声系统 or cable TV with dozens of channels Others pursue creative activities such as cooking gardening and home improvement The latest stay at home activity is Surfing the net that is looking for information and entertainment on the Internet People in the United States are basically not much different from others in what they do in their leisure time The real difference may lie in the energy time money and sheer enthusiasm that they devote to it 1 The way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity means a the way people spend their leisure time sometimes exposes their identity card numbers b it s very important to show their identity when people are at a place of entertainment c how people spend their leisure time shows who they are d they are different from the others at the same place of entertainment by showing their identity card 2 Couch potatoes in paragraph 1 refers to those who a control their viewing of TV programs b are happy watching situation comedies c watch TV while eating potato chips d are crazy about watching TV programs 3 According to the passage in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries some Americans a worked from sunrise to sunset seven days a week b preferred working in factories to working on farms c had many of the leisure time activities that people now have d fought for shorter working hours and more leisure time 4 Apart from technology the growing leisure time throughout the twentieth century is also due to a changes in laws b mass entertainment c new types of consumption petitive businesses 5 In terms of leisure time activities people in the United States a enjoy a larger variety than people in other countries b are not much different from people in other countries c enjoy more stay at home activities such as surfing the net d are less energetic and enthusiastic than others Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage Until recently most historians tended to speak very critically of the Industrial Revolution They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the common man But they insisted poverty that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and emissary for the bulk of the English population By contrast they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750 when England was still a completely agricultural country a period of great abundance and prosperity This view however is generally thought to be wrong Specialists in history and economics and experts in the new science of demography or population measurement have shown two things that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace 6 According to modern investigation which of the following was generally considered true a The Industrial Revolution brought about great poverty to the bulk of the English population b The preceding hundred years before the Industrial Revolution was Marked by great affluence c The immediate results of the industrial revolution were great abundance and prosperity for all the English people d The Industrial Revolution did not bring about widespread poverty and misery 7 Which of the following deals principally with statistics on populations a populaceb economicsc historyd demography 8 Both historians of the past and the present agree that a industrialization has elevated the standard of living for the bulk of population b industrialization has made human conditions miserable c an affluent society was possible only in a completely agricultural country d conditions for the common man has been greatly improved 9 It can be inferred that the industrial revolution in England began around a 1650b 1750c 1850d 1909 10 The word abundance means a influenceb absencec a great quantityd abeyance Question 11 15 are based on the following passage If there is any single factor that makes for success in living it is the ability to profit by defeat Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it his next undertaking Confuse defeat with failure and you are doomed indeed to failure For it isn t defeat that makes you fail it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation analyze it and learn why you failed Defeat in other words can help to cure its own cause Not only does defeat prepare us for success but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to success If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater strength every time you defeated If you exploit the power which defeat gives you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of 11 What does the author know a He knows at least several cases of success b He knows every success in life c It s not mentioned in the passage d He knows every success that has been achieved by man 12 The person who was able to analyze defeat is likely a to achieve successb to be a successor c to be ashamed of his defeatd to let a baby grasp at rod 13 The author a advises you to confuse defeat with failure b wants you to mistake defeat for failure c orders you to confuse defeat with failure d warns you not to confuse defeat with failure 14 Defeat is valuable a because it makes you fail b because it forces you to face it without humiliation c in that it provides the guide and encouragement to success d because of your own refusal to see in it the guide and encouragement to success 15 What does the author advice one to do with the power which defeat gives One should a make unfair use of itb explain it c explore itd turn it to practical account Questions 16 20 are based on the following passage There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold Contrary to popular belief colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather Colds are caused by viruses 病毒 harbored in the body and you re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a tasty swarm room surrounded by friends coworkers or fellow students who just may be passing the virus around If you feel a chill when you re coming down with a cold you re already sick A chill is an early symptom it s the cold that caused the chill not the other way around While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold sufferer cough or sneezes surprisingly this is not the most common route of transmission Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are caught by hand contact A cold sufferer rubs her nose thereby transferring the virus to her hand Then a friend comes to visit Don t kiss me she cautions so the friend steps back and presses her hand The friend then swipes her own nose or eye and several days later is stricken with a cold Or parents pick up their child s discarded 丢弃了的 tissues and carefully throw then away but fail to wash their hands afterward Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects telephones towels plates and remain infections for up to three hours Frequent hand washing on the cold sufferer as well as other members of the household will minimize the spread of viruses in this way 16 Which of the following steps you take will most probably cause you to catch a cold a to stay in a toasty warm room with a lot of people b to expose yourself to severe weather c to be on the ski slopes d to wait for the bus on a snowy day 17 Which of the following is NOT true a People usually believe that colds are caused by exposure to severe weather b Viruses can only spread through air c Colds are caused by viruses hidden in the body d Mot colds are caught by hand contact 18 To prevent viruses from spreading we should a shake hands with our friends instead of kissing them b never touch the telephones towels or plates c often wash our hands d often rub our noses and eyes 19 The man is most likely to be stricken with a cold if a few viruses are harbored in his body b the infections viruses have been exposed to the air for amore than 3 hours c he visits his friends in a warm room d he shakes the hand of a cold sufferer 20 The best title for this passage might be a Colds and Viruses b ways to Avoid Colds c The Spread of Viruses d Hand Contact and Transmission of Viruses Questions 21 25 are based on the following passage A unique laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers Their finding have revealed that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night although in ordinary life a person may remember one or only one of his dreams While the subjects usually students are asleep special machines record their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream Surprisingly all subjects sleep soundly Observers report that a person usually fidgets 烦躁 before a dream Once the dream has started his body relaxes and his eyes become more active as if the curtain had gone up on a show As soon as the machine indicates that the dream is over a buzzer wakens the sleeper He sits up records his dream and goes back to sleep perhaps to dream some more Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream he can usually recall the entire dream If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes his memory of the dream will have faded 21 According to the passage researchers at the university of Chicago are studying a the content of dreamsb the meaning of dreams c the process of sleepingd dreamers while they dream 22 Their findings have revealed that a everyone dream every nightb dreams are easily remembered c dreams are likely to be frightening 23 The researchers were surprised to find that a dream memories are often incomplete b persons sleep soundly while they dream c sleepers relax while dreaming d dreamers can record their own dreams 24 Just before a dream a sleeper will usually a relaxb lie perfectly still c fidgetd make more eye movements 25 In the dream laboratory the dreams are recorded a as soon as the student wakes in the morning b at stated intervals during the night c about five minutes after the end of each dream d immediately after each dream Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities For example psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad but others make you happy They want to know why some people are shy but others are quite talkative They want to know why people do the things that they do They also test intelligence Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people Your mind consists of all your feelings thoughts and ideas It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum 大脑 Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself Examples of behavior include shouting crying laughing and sleeping Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology Wilhelm Wundt stet up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzing Germany in 1879 Ivan Pavlor a Russian is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes and reactions Around 1900 Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress push out of the mind hide any memories or thoughts that they believed were no good Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness They are medical doctors who treat people 26 A good title for this section is a Studying the mind b Memories and People c Famous Psychologists d The behavior of People 27 The word shy in paragraph 1 means a happyb quietc sadd angry 28 We may conclude that psychologists a study physical disease as well b are not medical doctors c deal with animals more often than with people d are medical doctors 29 Pavlor worked with a peopleb dogsc mental illnessd rats 30 The cerebrum controls a the mindb the whole brain c the field of psychologyd the heart Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage The general principles of dynamics are rules which demonstrate a relationship between the motions of bodies and the forces which produce these motions Based in large part on the work of his predecessors Sir Issac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics which he published in 1687 in his famous Principia Prior to Newton Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion a moving body would come to rest Galileo had succeeded in correctly describing the behavior of falling objects and in recording that no force was required to maintain a body in motion He noted that the effect of force was to change motion Huggens recognized that a change in the direction of motion involved acceleration just as did a change in speed and further that the action of a force was required Kepler deduced the laws describing the motion of plants around the sun It was primarily from Galileo and Kepler the Newton borrowed 31 Which of the following scientists established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest a Galileob Keplerc Aristotled Newton 32 Huggen stated that acceleration was required a for either a change in direction or a change in speed b only for a change in speed c only for a change in direction d neither for a change in direction nor for a change in speed 33 The first scientist to correctly describe the behavior of falling objects was a Aristotleb Newtonc Keplerd Galileo 34 According to this passage Newton based his laws primarily on the work of a Galileo and Copernicusb Ptolemy and Copernicus c Huggen and Keplerd Galileo and Kepler 35 What was the main Purpose of this Passage a to demonstrate the development of Newton s caws b To establish Newton as the authority on the field of physics c To discredit Newton s laws of motion d To describe the motion of planets around the sun Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage Today is the anniversary of that afternoon in April a year ago that I first saw the strange and appealing doll in the window of Abe Sheftel s stationary and toy shop on Third Avenue near Fifteenth Street just around the corner from my office where the plate on the door reads Dr Samuel Amory I remember just how it was that day the first hint of spring floated across the East River mixing with the soft coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighborhood As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftel s I was made once more aware of the poor collection of toys in the dusty window and I remembered the approaching birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland to whom I was in the habit of sending modest gifts Therefore I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything appropriate and looked at the confusing collection of unappealing objects a red toy fire engine some lead soldiers cheap baseballs bottles of ink pens yellowed stationary and garish cardboard advertisements for soft drinks And thus it was that my eyes eventually came to rest upon the doll tucked away in one corner a doll with the strangest most charming expression on her face I could not wholly make it out due to the shadows and the film through which I was looking but I was aware that a tremendous impression had been made upon me as