科技英语—3-11章总复习题.docVIP

第3章 总复习题1.Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。2. In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。3.Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。4. It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。5.The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。6.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。7. A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。8.The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。9.The flame does not touch the flask directly.火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。10. The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。11. The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。12.The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。13. The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。14.In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验。第4章 总复习题1.The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。2. Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积。3. The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升得越高4.The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。5. In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。6. The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。7. That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。8. Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.小物体，比如尘粒和水珠，仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。9. The same has happened to the central control system.中心控制系统也发生过同样的事故。10. Theres hardly any room for any impurities in such a microfiber.在这种微纤维中，杂质几乎没有存在的可能。11. His instances were Lennard and Stark, both of them were Nobel laureates but later became fervent followers of Hitler.他举出勒纳德及史塔克为例子。这两个人都得过诺贝尔奖，但后来却成了狂热的希特勒信徒。12. The primacy function of a regulator is to supply constant pressure to each device.调节器的基本功能是给每个装置提供稳定的电压。13. The best use of these equations is in checking the theoretical analyses using the other approaches.这些方程式最大的用处是可对采用了其他方法的理论分析进行检验。14. It is desirable to characterize electrical noise as accurately as possible.需要尽可能准确地表征电噪音。15.It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away from here.我们知道，当地的天气在几天内会受到几千英里以外地区气象状况的影响。第5章 总复习题1.This seems to indicate that further research would be necessary.这似乎表明进一步研究的必要性。2. An a.c. motor is similar in construction to a d.c. Motor.交流电动机与直流电动机结构相似。3. Natural environment can be easily ruined by inappropriate exploration.开发不当容易毁坏自然资源。4.Negative charges are moving counterclockwise.负电荷按逆时针方向流动。5. The average value of voltage can be measured point by point.电压的平均值可以逐点测量。6. The problem of materials is eased by the lower boiling point.由于沸点较低，材料问题容易解决。7. As a result, although there is minimal friction present, a lubricant is still absolutely essential.因此，虽然有很小的摩擦，但润滑剂仍旧是非常必要的。8. Removal procedure for left-hand and right-hand cyclic cylinders is essentially the same.左右两边循环气缸的拆卸步骤基本上相同。9. Substantially, anthecyanin, the pigment that turns leaves- and apples- red, is produced by sugars that remain after the nutrients are choked off.本质上，使树叶和苹果变红的色素花色素苷是营养去除后剩余的糖分产生的。10. Massage will affect muscles throughout the body.推拿将会对全身的肌肉组织产生影响。11. In this test the major part is backed off electrically.在此项实验中，主要部分被电补偿。12. It is also good for shock and impact loads.它还适用于振动和冲击载荷。13. The term minimum life is also used to mean rating life.最小寿命这个术语也指额定寿命。14. Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the machine is enough to bring the pressure back to normal.通常，把机器调整2厘米就足以使压力恢复正常。15. Statistics is a rather modern branch of mathematics.统计学是一门相当新的数学分支。16. Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible.计算机处理意念时所提供方法的速度和精确度都超过了以往所能达到的水平17. Less than a quarter of the energy of a human engine is converted into mechanical energy.人体发出的不到1/4的能量转变为机械能18. Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its density being 0.0894 g/l.氢是最轻的气体，其密度为0.0894克/升。第6章 总复习题1.The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.聚乙炔一接触空气，其导电性就迅速下降。2.There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.庭智能装置仍有着更加光明的前景。3.The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.科学家们发现腿内的血管不会肿胀4.Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.曾几何时，有人就有关计算机、未来和“无纸化办公”做过大胆的预测。5.The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.医生建议不要使用新的治疗方法。6.If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.若在合理的深度内找不到坚实的地基层，那就要采用所谓的深基础。7.Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.磁力线是看不见的，但是我们按照它们的作用即知它们的存在。8.We may process directly with Kirchoffs voltage law for the circuit.对于电路，我们可直接从克希荷夫电压定律讲起。9.The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.a和b的值由两个条件决定。10.Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.光电通信不受电磁的干扰。11.This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.这种差异可能是由动力的不同而造成的。12.The visual image of the letters making up the word is converted into its spoken equivalent.将组成词的各字母的视觉形象转换成该词对应的发音13.Primitive man made weapons, tools, and utensils of copper, brass, and bronze.原始人类用铜、黄铜和青铜制作成各种武器、工具和器皿。14.The longer wavelengths of radio signals pass through the atmosphere relatively undisturbed.相对来说，波长较长的射电讯号通过大气时没有受到干扰。15.Most hardness-testing systems employ a standard load which is applied to a ball or pyramid in contact with the material to be tested.多数的硬度实验系统使用一标准载荷加在与实验金属相接触的小球或棱锥上。16.All metals are corrodible under the proper circumstances.所有金属在一定情况下都是可腐蚀的。17.The design of the rocket nozzle also has much to do with the behavior of the exhaust and the resulting velocity of the vehicle itself.火箭喷管的设计与排气的性能及飞行器本身的有效速度有很大关系。18.Peripheral milling operations are usually performed on milling machines with the spindle positioned horizontally; however, they can also be performed with end mills on vertical-spindle machines.周铣作业通常在带有水平定位主轴的铣床上进行，但也可以在带有端面铣刀的主轴铣床上进行。19.Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current only after silver.铜和铝是仅次于银的最好的导电体。20.From various experiments we cannot but think the theory still holds good.根据各种实验，我们不得不承认这个理论依然是行之有效的。21.Hydrogen is generated from zinc and sulfuric acid.氢由锌和硫酸所产生。22.The sort of fish cannot live in the temperate zone, let alone in the frigid zone.这种鱼不适合在温带生活，更不必说在寒带了。23.The locomotive developed some new problems on its line-test.这台机车在试运行时出现了一些新问题。24.Gases can be chemisorbed or physically absorbed on solids.气体能化学吸附或物理吸附在固体上。25.Under ideal conditions the fatigue failure will consist of a spotting of the load-carrying surfaces.在理想条件下，疲劳失效将是承载表面的点蚀。26.Oxidation implies the combination of other elements with oxygen to form compounds.氧化意味着其他元素与氧形成化合物。第7章 总复习题1.Peripheral milling should generally not be done if the part can be ace milled.如果部件可以端铣，一般不应进行周铣。2.Face milling is done on both horizontal and vertical milling machines.端铣在卧式和立式铣床上进行。3.After fully relieving internal pressure,remove the nuts and bolts around flange joint of container.内压完全消除后，拆下容器法兰盘四周螺母及螺栓。4.All gases at 0 are found to gain 1 part in 273 of their volume when heated to 1,so long as the pressure remains constant.只要压力保持不变，将0的任何气体加热到1，其体积就增加1/273.5.If a catalyst was used,the reaction would occur more quickly.如果我们使用了催化剂，反应可以进行得更快。6.Loss of water causes the wood to shrink and become muck stiffer and harder.失去水分使木材收缩，从而变得更坚硬。7.A graph shows the relationship between two or more variables.曲线图表示两个或更多变量之间的关系。8.Electricity is working everywhere,so everyone should know something about how it is generated and how it behaves.到处都用电在工作，所以每个人必须了解一些有关电是如何产生的以及电的性能。9.Applications vendors and users as well as the operating system developers will stand to benefit.应用软件供应商、用户以及操作系统开发者均可受益。10.The scientists look upon the cell as both the structural and functional unit of all life.科学家们把细胞看作是整个生命的结构单位和功能单位。11.The heat that warms a body does not change either the weight of the body or its inertia.使一物体变暖的热，既不改变该物体的重量，也不改变其惯性。12.The diesel engine requires neither an ignition system nor a carburetor.柴油机既不需要点火系统，也不需要汽化器。13.As the atoms approach, the splitting between the energy levels will be increased.随着原子的接近，能极之间的分裂将增加。14.An elastic material returns to its original shape after being forced out of that shape.弹性材料在受压而改变其形状之后会恢复原形。15.Strange as it may sound ,the heat of the sun can be utillzed to produce cold.听起来虽然很奇怪，但太阳的热可用来制冷。16.Thus the decision to use a fixed wing was one that had to made before an airplane could fly satisfactorily.因此，首先必须决定使用固定机翼，然后才能造出令人满意地进行飞行的飞机。17.The filament cannot oxidize in these gases, as they dont contain oxygen.灯丝在这些气体中不会氧化，因为这些气体不含氧气。18.Since radar waves differ in size from light waves, they act in a different way.由于雷达波的尺寸和光波不同，所以作用也不同。19.Such engines are also called internal combustion engines, because the fuel is burned in the cylinder.这种发动机也称为内燃机，因为燃料在汽缸内燃烧。20.A transformer is very useful device, even thought it can be used only with alternating current.变压器是很有用的装置，虽然它只能用于交流电。 21. Outer ring shall be 30mm in diameter unless otherwise specified除非另有规定，外圈的直径应为30毫米。22. Dont trim windshield to final size until all mounting holes have been drilled在安装孔全部钻完之前，不要按最终尺寸修正防风玻璃。23. Since there are different scales of temperature and different system of units,There are units of quantity of heat appropriate to these systems由于有各种不同的温标和不同的计量单位，所以有与这些计量单位相应的热量单位。24.Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very large lift force in order to sustain the aircraft.现代飞机如此之重，以致要支撑住飞机，机翼必须产生极大的升力。25.If all is satisfactory the load may be applied gradually till full load is reached如果一切情况良好，可逐渐加大载荷直至达到满载。26.We dont know exactly what causes the earths magnetism.我们并不确定知道地磁现象是什么引起的。27.When weight is given ,the location and the corresponding acceleration due to gravity should also be specified.当重量给定时，则该地点和相应的重力加速度也就确定了28.Gas molecules emit light while moving at high speed.气体分子在高速运动时会发光。29.Why the conversion of heat to work is different from that of work to heat is an important topic.为什么热能转变为功不同于功能转变为热，这是一个重要额题目。30.This explains why a gas always expands until it fills the vessel containing it.这就说明了为什么气体总是要膨胀直到它充满装它的容器。第8章 总复习题1.The stator of the induction motor is made up of a laminated silicon-steel core and a stator winding.感应电动机的定子由硅钢片制成的铁芯及定子绕组构成。2.Since air has weight, it must press down on the surface of the earth.由于空气具有重量，它必定对地球表面有压力。3.Computer language is based on the binary system.计算机语言以二进制为基础。4.This electrical pressure acts much like water in a tank.这种电压的作用很像是水箱中的水压。5.The Spirotherm equipment gives the operator a good picture of the temperature distribution over the top of the burden.利用Spirotherm装置，操作者可获得一个较好的炉顶物料温度分布图。6.Again, the stainless steels do not have this second characteristic, but most metals do.另外，不锈钢不具备这第二种特性，但大多数金属都具备。7.Several research groups are concentrating on finding new methods of delivering drugs to the body.几个研究小组都在集中精力探索向人体释放药物的新方法。8.It is frequently advantageous to stake the surveying lines perpendicular to the known or presumed geological strike.（在做物探测量时）将侧线垂直于已知的或者假定的地质走向标出，通常是比较有利的。9.It is impossible to secure real economic and political independence of a country without developing its heavy industry.不发展重工业不可能确保一个国家经济和政治的真正独立。10.It is necessary to have a very large heating surface within the boiler.锅炉里面必须有很大的受热面。11.According to Albert Einstein, it is possible to change mass and energy into each other without a loss.根据爱因斯坦的观点，质量和能量可互相转换而没有任何损耗。12.In this way it is possible to make strong magnets.用这种方法可以制造出很强的磁铁。13.Such a bearing is designed to provide lubrication to reduce friction.这样的轴承用来提供润滑以减少摩擦。14.The hopper machine gives a substantial increase in loading rate as against the standard loader.与一般的装载机相比，这种漏斗车可以大大提高装载速度。15.The reduced pressure causes the inlet valve to open.压力降低使得进给阀门打开。16.Gases exhaled by volcanoes became the atmosphere of Venus, Earth, and Mars.火山喷出的气体形成了金星、地球和火星的大气层。17.The operation allows surplus energy to be used.这道工序可以使剩余的能量得到利用。18.We burn fuels in engines to make them work.燃料在发动机里燃烧以使机器工作。19.One of the objects of a well designed circuit is to avoid interference between components.设计良好的电路所要达到的目的之一便是避免元件之间的干扰。20.In one kind of transistor, there are three wires fastened to the crystal of germanium.有一种晶体管，在锗晶体上面牢系着三根导线。21.In the United States the customary voltage for household use has become 110-120V since it was discovered that higher voltages could cause fatal accidents.美国通常的家用电压是110-120伏，因为人们发现，更高的电压会造成致命的事故。22.Plant height was highly correlated with maturity, indicating that population with short stems tends to be early in maturity.植株的高度与成熟期有密切的关系，这说明矮秆群体往往会早熟。23.All other conditions being equal, we should first adjust the instrument to “zero”.其他条件相同的情况想，我们应先把仪器调整到“零位”。24. As an illustration of this,we can consider the discovery of air-pressure.作为一个例子，我们可以考虑气压的发现。25.In the 1930s, it was found that the atom could be split, releasing huge quantities of energy. 20世纪30年代人们就发现原子可以分裂并释放出大量的能量。26.On the other hand, owing to the smaller furnace the gas utilization and thermal efficiency might become low.另一方面，由于炉子小了，气体的利用率和热效率可能要降低。27.An equipment failure or accident on the moon could have left the astronauts stranded.在月球上如果有一种设备失灵或出事会使宇航员们束手无策、进退两难。28.In order to keep the instrument in a good state ready for use at any time, it should go through necessary calibration regularly.为确保仪器经常处于良好的可使用状态，平时必须定期对仪器进行必要的检测。29.If the rope should break, the pulley would fall down.一旦绳子断了，滑轮就会掉下来。30.Sometimes it is desired that both the driver and the driven wheel rotate in the same direction.有时希望主动轮和从动轮都向同一方向转动。31.It will be appreciated that the necessity of providing a commutator with its carbon brushes complicates the construction of the motor.我们可以理解，必须给换向器装备碳刷会使电动机的结构复杂化。32.An interesting machine has been made to replace workers for dangerous jobs.已造出一种有趣的机器代替工人做危险的工作。33.Ceramics have long been limited by their brittleness.易碎这个弱点长期以来限制了陶瓷的发展。34.Investigators suspect that the virus was brought into the country through waste food.调查人员怀疑，食品垃圾把这种病毒带入了该国。第9章 总复习题1.He ascribed this disagreement to the oversimplified model.他把这种不一致现象归因于模型过于简单。2.Now iron and steelmaking processes are now reexamined worldwide.现在世界范围内开始重新审视炼铁和炼钢工艺。3.This disease is responsive to treatment with drug.药物治疗这种病有良好的疗效。4.Distilled water is needed in the laboratory in large quantities.实验室里需要大量的蒸馏水。5.Safety precautions should be observed at all times.任何时候都应遵守安全预防措施。6.The wing has a flat undersurface and a curved topsurface.机翼的下表面是平的，上表面是弯曲的。7.There exist many sources of energy, both potential and kinetic.势能和动能都有许多来源。8.In the sky, many planetary systems must be entirely lifeless.天空的许多行星系必定是无生命的。9.If the needle fails to remain at zero, readjust control No.1.若果指针不能保持在零的位置上，应重新调整一号控制器。10.The earth was not believed to be round but flat.人们曾经认为地球是扁的而不是圆的。11.Not enough power can be got out of the single-stage socket to get the satellite up to where it should be.从单级火箭上不可能获得足够的功率把卫星送到所需的位置。第10章 总复习题1.In the early days of the telegraph and the telephone, men observed that signals sometimes jumped the space between wires running next to each other.在电报及电话发展的早期，人们注意到信号有时会跳过并行导线的空间。2.To understand both sides of the question, some background on how energy is obtained from a nuclear reaction must be studied.要理解这一问题的两个方面，必须研究有关如何由核反应获得能量的一些基本情况。3.Voyagers photographs may help explain how they (Neptunes rings) formed.旅行者号拍摄的照片也许有助于说明这些光环是怎样形成的。4.If the water is heated, the particles move more quickly, which agrees with our theory.如果把水加热，粒子运动就更快，这一现象是和我们的理论吻合的。5.Radiant heat waves pass through a vacuum, but may be absorbed by bodies whose temperature is thereby raised.辐射热波能通过真空，但能被一些物体所吸收，因而这些物体的温度便升高了。6.And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且总有这种可能性一个小小的电火花，可能会意外的绕过了最为精心设计的线路。7.People see things differently in the light of the fact that they are materialists and idealists.由于人们的观点有唯物、唯心之分，因而他们对事物的看法也就不同。8.There was evidence that all atoms consists of a nucleus and electrons.有证据表明，所有原子都由原子核和电子组成。9.Generally speaking, we do not use materials in the form in which they occur in nature.一般来说，我们并不用自然界中天然存在的那种形态的物质。10.These motors are, as a rule, especially designed for the specific machines with which they are used.总的来说，这些电动机是为使用它们的专门机器特别