2017年考研英语一真题及答案.docx

江西研视界教育咨询有限公司 SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!” 1 helping youfeelcloseand 2 topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa 3 of healthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyougettingsickthiswinter.4 Inarecentstudy 5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityin Pennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs 6 the participantssusceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing 7 tothevirus.People whoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome 8 withacold,andthe researchers9 thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging 10about32percentofthat beneficialeffect. 11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportand. receivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe 13 riskforcoldsthatsusually 14 withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps 15 thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp 16 difficulty.”Someexperts17 thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseof oxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”18 itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthe centrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofit 19 inthebrain,whereit 20 mood,behavior andphysiology.1.A.Unlike B.Besides C.Throughout D.Despite2.A.equal B.restricted C.connected D.inferior3.A.host B.view C.lesson D.choice4.A.recallB.forget C.avoid D.keep 5.A.collectingB.affecting C.guiding D.involving6.A.onB.in C.at D.of7.A.devotedB.exposed C.lost D.attracted8.A.alongB.across C.down D.out9.A.imaginedB.denied C.doubted D.calculated 10.A.servedB.explained C.restored D.required11.A.ThusB.Still C.Rather D.Even12.A.defeatsB.symptoms C.errors D.tests13.A.highlightedB.minimized C.controlled D.increased14.A.associatedB.equipped C.presented D.compared15.A.assessB.moderate C.generate D.record16.A.inthefaceofB.intheformof C.inthenameof D.inthewayof17. A.attributeB.commit C.transfer D.return18.A.unlessB.because C.though D.until19.A.vanishesB.emerges C.remains D.decreases20.A.experiencesB.combines C.justifies D.Influences【答案】1.【B】Besides2.【C】connected3.【A】host4.【C】avoid5.【D】involving6.【A】on7.【B】exposed8.【C】down9.【D】calculated10.【B】explained11.【D】Even12.【B】symptoms13.【D】increased14.【A】associated15.【C】generate16.【A】inthefaceof17.【A】attribute18.【B】because19.【C】remains20.【D】influencesSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericanseconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicagosOHareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpedited3 screeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimeomaketheprogramwork.21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedtoAstresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.BexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.ChighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.Airports.Demphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?ANewrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.BThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.DFrequentunexpectedsecretchecks.23.Theword“expedited”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningtoAquieter.Bfaster.Cwider.Dcheaper. 24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramisAadramaticreductionofitsscale.Bitswrongly-directedimplementation.Cthegovernmentsreluctancetobackit.Danunreasonablepriceforenrollment.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AGettingStuckinSecurityLinesBPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionCLessScreeningforMoreSafetyDUnderusedPreCheckLanesText1【答案】21.【B】explainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecurityworldwide22.【C】Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers23.【D】faster24.【D】anunreasonblepriceforenrollment25.【A】LessScreeningforMoreSafetyText2“TheancientHawaiiansareastronomers”,wroteQueenLilihuokalani,Hawiislastreigningmonarch,in1987,StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestershaveeruptofoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanitysviewofcosmos.AttheissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adomantvolcanoworshipedbyhsomeHawaiianaspoko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandtotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworldsmostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePercificOcean,MaunaKeaspeakrisesabovethebulkofourplanetsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofsurpassedclarity. OppositionstotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderofoccupationofwhatwasonesasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuiltbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayforunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKeasfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislandsinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnottherelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturehistory,too,whichrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtclearlyPolynesianstoHawaiisshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanbothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies.Asifansweringaprimarycallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcomprisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesretunedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalanisremarkinParagraph1indicatesA.herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomyB.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansocietyC.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimesD.herappreciationofstarwatchersfeatsinhertime27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsiteduetoA.itsgeographicalfeaturesB.itsprotectivesurroundingsC.itsreligiousimplicationD.itsexcitinginfrastructure28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalpartlybecauseA.itmayriskruiningthetheirintellectuallifeB.itremainsthemofahumiliatinghistoryC.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevivalD.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea 29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintodaysastronomyA.isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiianB.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworldC.maycovertheoriginofHawaiiancultureD.willeventuallysoftenHawaiianshistory30.TheauthorsattitudetowardschoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneofA.severecriticismB.passiveacceptanceC.slighthesitancyD.fullapprovalText2【答案】26.【C】theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes27.【A】itsgeographicalfeatures28.【B】itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory29.【C】mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture30.【D】fullapprovalText3RobertF.KennedyoncesaidthatacountrysGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternWorld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsosowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountryssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalequalityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoapersonssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerwhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress. 31.RobertF.KennedyiscitedbecauseheApraisedtheUKforitsGDP.BidentifiedGDPwithhappiness.CmisinterpretedtheroleofGDP.DhadalowopinionofGDP.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatAtheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.BtheUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.CGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.DpolicymakerintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?AItexcludesGDPasanindicator.BItissponsoredby163countries.CItscriteriaarequestionable.DItsresultareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhatAtheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.BhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.Ditrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AhighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonBGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthCRobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPDBrexit,theUKsGatewaytoWell-being Text3【答案】31.【D】HadalowopinionofGDP.32.【C】GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.【A】Itsresultsareenlightening.34.【C】ItisessentialtoconsiderfactorsarebeyondGDP.35.【A】HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson.Text4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts”,ortheformergovernorsdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty”.Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalof acontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanan“officialact”.Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleaderssourcesofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism. 36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourtAavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonn