译林英语八年级上册语法复习及练习(含答案)

一 一 情态动词的用法情态动词的用法 一 情态动词的类型 1 只做情态动词的有 must can could may might 2 可做情态动词也可做实义动词的有 need 3 可做情态动词也可做助动词的有 will would shall should 4 可做情态动词的某些特征的有 have to ought to 二 情态动词的特征 1 有一定的词义 但不能单独做谓语 必须和行为动词或系动词连用 构成谓语 must home X must go home 2 无人称和数的变化 have to 例外 用于第三人称单数时用 has to We must stay there He must stay there We have to walk home He has to walk home 3 后接动词原形 She may lose her way 4 具有助动词的作用 可用来构成否定句 疑问句及用于简明答语 Can you sing an English song Yes I can 三 情态动词的用法 1 can could 的用法 1 表示能力 译为 能 会 如 Can you play basketball 你会打篮球么 2 表怀疑 猜测 常用于否定句和疑问句当中 如 He can t be in the room 他不可能在房间里 3 表请求或允许 多用于口语 意为 可以 相当于 may 如 You can may go now 你现在可以走了 4 could 是 can 的过去式 可以表示过去的能力 如 I could swim when I was seven years old 5 以 can 开头的一般疑问句 其肯定回答和否定回答分别用 can 和 can t 2 may 过去式 might 的用法 1 表推测 意为 可能 也许 用于肯定句中 如 He may come tomorrow 他明天可能会来 2 表请求 许可 意为 可以 如 May I borrow your book 我可以借用你的书么 注意 may 表请求 用于主语为第一人称主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时 其否定回答用其否定回答用 mustn t 不用 may not 意为 不可以 不许 禁止 如 May I go now No you mustn t 不可以 Yes you may can 是 可以 3 表祝愿 如 May you succeed 祝你成功 表示推测 意为一定 一般用于肯定句 在疑问句和否定句一般应用 can 否定句 也用 may 但 may not 表示可能不 而 can t 表示不可能 如 There s someone knocking on the door 有人在敲门 It must be Jim 肯定是吉姆 注意注意 在否定句中 mustn t 表示禁止 意为不允许 以 must 开头的疑问句 肯定回答用 must 而否定回答则常用 needn t 或者 don t have to 意为不必 而不用 mustn t 如 Must I finish the work today 我今天必须完成工作么 No you needn t you don t have to 不 你不必 4 对 need 词性的判断 need 后加 to do 说明 need 为实义动词 用助动词提问或否定 need 后加 doing 表被动 若 need 后加动词原形 则 need 为情态动词 用 need 提问或否定 肯定回答用 must 否定回答用 needn t 如 You needn t come to school so early 你不必这么早来学校 5 had better 的用法 had better 动词原形 表示最好做某事 否定式用 had better not do sth 6 shall should will would 的用法 1 shall 用于第一人称 表示征求意见 询问 用于第二 三人称 表示命令如 Shall I open the window 我打开窗户好么 Shall we have lunch here 我们在这儿吃饭好么 You shall listen to the teacher in class 课堂上你必须听讲 2 should 常用来表示义务 责任 如 We should obey traffic laws 我们应该遵守交通规则 3 will 用于第二人称表示询问 请求 也可以表达现在的意愿 如 Will you pass me the book 你能把这本书递给我么 4 would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问 如 Would you tell me the way to the station 你能告诉我去东站的路么 7 易混点清单 1 can 和 be able to can 和 be able to 表示能力时用法相同 can 只用于现在时和过去式只用于现在时和过去式 could 但 be able to 表示经过努力后 能够做到有现在时 过去时和将来时有现在时 过去时和将来时 如 We will be able to come back next week 我们下周能回来 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out Jim couldn t speak Chinese last year but now he can Jim 去年不会说中文但今年会 2 can 和 may 表示可能性的区别 在肯定句中用 may 表可能 如 You had better ask the policeman He may know 你最好问问警察 他可能知道 在否定句中 若语气肯定 表示不可能时用 can not 若语气不肯定 表 示可能不时用 may not Mr Li can t be in the room He has gone to Beijing for a visit 李老师不可能在 他去北京度假 了 3 could should would might 表示委婉语气 could should would might 等过去式有时不表示过去 而是表示更委婉客气的语气 如 Would you tell me the way to the park 你能告诉我去公园的路么 4 maybe 和 may be may 为情态动词 后面跟动词原形 be 用在句中 Maybe 为副词 大概 也许 相当 于 perhaps 用于句首 5 can t 和 mustn t 表否定推测时应用 can t mustn t 表达 禁止 不允许 的含义 不是用来表推测的 在 肯定句中 must 表推测 意为 一定 Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you Dad D No you son You re free to make your own decision A can t B mustn t C shouldn t D needn t Is Mr Brown driving here A I m not sure He come by train A may B shall C need D must Look at the young lady in red Is it Mrs King D No it be her She is wearing a white dress today A can B may C must D can t B 1 May I stop my car here No you A can t B mustn t C needn t D don t have to A 2 Must we clean the house now No you A needn t B may not C mustn t D can t C 3 John his father about his failure in the exam A dares not tell B dares not telling C dare not tell D dares not to tell C 4 You return the book now You can keep it next week if you like A can t B mustn t C needn t D may not B 5 Johnny you play with the knife you hurt yourself A won t can t B mustn t may C shouldn t must D can t shouldn t D 6 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out A had to B would C could D was able to C 7 Would you go out for a walk with me No I My girl friend is coming A wouldn t B shall not C won t D shouldn t A 8 Man die without water A will B can C need D shall D 9 If he started at 9 0 clock he be there by now A need B shall C ought to D must D 10 I mailed the letter two weeks ago She it A must receive B can t receive C might receive D must have received A 11 The professor gave orders that the experiment before 5 30p m A be finished B will finish C must be finished D would be finished D 12 There was plenty of time You A mustn t hurry B mustn t have hurried C needn t hurry D needn t have hurried A 13 Tom was a diligent 勤奋的 boy He go to school though it was raining hard A was able to B could C couldn t D wasn t able to C 14 I go back before lunch No I don t think you A Need must B Do need to C Must have to D May ought to A 15 The teacher do all the exercises but a student A needn t must B may not must C needn t needn t D can t must A 16 Would you open the window please Yes I A will B would C do D can C 17 A lion only attack a human being when it is hungry A should B can C will D shall C 18 Must I finish this novel this morning No you A mustn t B might not C don t have to D can t B 19 The taxi only hold six passengers It is full You take the next one A may may B can may C may can D must can C 20 I a little earlier but I met a friend of mine on the way A may come B may have come C could have come D must have come A 21 I wish to go home now I A may B can t C must D do D 22 He must have finished his homework he A mustn t B didn t C needn t D hasn t B 23 This pen looks like mine yet it isn t Whose it be A must B can C may D might B 24 He didn t do well in the exam He hard at his lessons A must have worked B ought to have worked C would have worked D has worked D 25 I wonder how he that to the teacher A dare to say B dare saying C not dare say D dared say C 26 Mr Baker a number of students want to see you they wait here or outside A Should B Will C Shall D Are B 27 You the trees Look it is raining now A mustn t have watered B needn t have watered C could have watered D might have watered B 28 I give you an answer tomorrow I promise A must B will C may D shall B 29 As a soldier you do as the head tells you A will B shall C may D ought A 30 The streets are all dry It during the night A can t have rained B must have rained C couldn t rain D shouldn t have rained 二 二 现在完成时现在完成时 一 定义 某个动作发生在过去 但对现在仍然有影响和结果 这个动作或状态可能已 经结束 但影响可能还要持续下去 二 其构成形式是 have has 动词过去分词 否定式在 have has 后加 not 疑问句应将 have has 放在句子主语之前 三 现在完成时的用法 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果 常用的时间状语有 already yet never just these days in the past years recently 等 如 Have you ever been to Beijing 你去过北京么 China has already made great progress in science and technology 中国已经在科技方面 取得了巨大的进步 My father has just come back from work 我爸爸刚下班回来了 2 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 往往和表示一段时间的状语连用 for 时间段 如 for two years since 时间点 表时间段 since 1991 如 They have left there for two years 他们已经离开这里两年了 He has lived in America since 1960 从 1960 年开始他就一直住在美国 We have studied English for six years 我们学习英语已经 6 年了 3 for 和 since 引导的短语都表示 一段时间 所以谓语动词应该时延续性动词 不 能用非延续性动词 延续性东西表示该动词可以一直持续进行 有 live work study teach stay 等 非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持 续 在短暂的时间里完成的 有 borrow come arrive get leave die lend buy 等 She has come 她来了 I have bought a watch 我已经买了一块手表 She has been for an hour 她已经来了一个小时了 I have had a watch since last year 我去年就买了一块手表 4 现在完成时可以在条件或时间状语从句中 表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作 He will come as soon as he has finished the homework 他一完成家庭作业就来 We shall wait here until the rain has stopped 我们将一直在这里等着直到雨停 四 现在完成时和一般过去时的用法比较 1 一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去 和现在不发生联系 它可以和表示过去的某个 时间的状语连用 而现在完成时表示某种动作发生在过去 但对现在仍有影响 强 调的是现在情况 不能和表过去时间的状语连用 如 We have visited the farm 现在对农场有所了解 We visited the farm last week 说明上周参观农场这件事 2 如果询问某事发生的时间 地点 只用一般过去时 如 When did you find your bag 你是什么时候找到了你的包 I found it in the afternoon 我下午找到了它 He has lived in Beijing since last year 从去年开始他一直住北京 现在也住着 He lived in Beijing before last year 去年以前他住在北京 现在是否住不知道 五 have has been 和 have has gone 的区别 have has been to 的意思是 去过 到过 表示曾经去过某处 但现在人不在那 have has gone to 意思是 去了 表示已经去了某地 现在人可能在去的途中或已 经到达 如 She has gone to Beijing 她已经到北京去了 她已前往北京 或在途中 或已 到达 现在人不在这里 She has been to Beijing 她曾到北京 她过去到过北京表示一种经历 表示说 话的时候她还在这里 总之 have has been to 讲的时过去的情况 强调过去与否 着重到目前为止的某 个结果 而 have has gone to 指现在人不在 这里 只用于第三人称 不用于第 一 第二人称 不能用来代替 have been to B 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him knew have known must know will know B 2 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever still C 3 Have you met Mr Li just ago before a moment ago D 4 The famous writer one new book in the past two year is writing was writing wrote has written C 5 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good has changed better changed better C 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying C 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known knew B 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twice will see have seen saw see B 9 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there will they go did they go do they go have they gone B 10 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago Did do finished Have done finished Have done have finished will do finish D 11 His father the Party since 1978 joined has joined was in has been in B 12 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago were have been have become have made A 13 How long have you here About two months been gone come arrived C 14 Hurry up The play for ten minutes has begun had begun has been on began A 15 It ten years since he left the army It is has been 时间段 since 一般过去时 自 以来多长时间了 is has will was A 16 Miss Green isn t in the office she to the library has gone went will go has been A 17 My parents Shandong for ten years have been in have been to have gone to have been D 18 The students have cleaned the classroom A so they B don t they C have they D haven t they C 19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China A How soon comes B How often got C How long came D How far arrived C 20 His uncle for more than 9 years A has come here B has started to work C has lived there D has left the university 三 三 when while as 的区别的区别 一一 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作 从句表示的是一个持续性动作 三者都可用 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作 从句表示的是一个持续性动作 三者都可用 He fell asleep when while as he was reading 他看书时睡着了 注 as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示 在 期间 时 其谓语通常只能是那些含 有动作 action 和发展 development 意味的动词 一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词 如 be seem love want agree see know have 等 所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as A I m going to the post office 我要去邮局 B While you re there can you get me some stamps 当你在邮局时 能帮我买几张邮票 吗 2 若主 从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作 且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指若主 从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作 且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指 的整个时间 通常要用的整个时间 通常要用 while Don t talk while you re eating 吃饭时不要说话 I kept silent while he was writing 在他写的时候 我默不作声 但是 若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有 一边 一边 之意思 通常用 as She sang as she went along 她边走边唱 三三 若从句是一个短暂性动作 主句是一个持续性动作 可用若从句是一个短暂性动作 主句是一个持续性动作 可用 as when 但不用但不用 while It was raining hard when as we arrived 我们到达时正下着大雨 四四 若主从句表示的是两个同时若主从句表示的是两个同时 或几乎同时或几乎同时 发生的短暂性动作 用发生的短暂性动作 用 as when I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth 就在你要说的时候 我也想到了 五五 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况 相当于汉语的若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况 相当于汉语的 随着随着 一般用 一般用 as Things are getting better and better as time goes on 随着时间的推移 情况越来越好 As it grew darker it became colder 天色越晚 天气越冷 六六 表示表示 每当每当 的时候的时候 暗示一种规律性暗示一种规律性 一般要用 一般要用 when It s cold when it snows 下雪时天冷 He smiles when you praise him 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑 七七 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生 而是有先后顺序时 一般要用若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生 而是有先后顺序时 一般要用 when I will go home when he comes back 他回来时 我就回家去 八八 when 可用作并列连词 表示可用作并列连词 表示 这时这时 突然突然 while 也可以用作并列连词 表示也可以用作并列连词 表示