词的翻译技巧.doc

一. 词义的选择举例：Ill see her home tonight.India is the home of elephants.Hes at home with the classics.Shes at home where she is.Much is produced here for home market.He looks on London as his home.(一) 根据词性确定词义举例：light:This light is too poor to read by.Aluminum is a light metal.Will you light the fire for me?round:The Earth is not completely round.Lets go into the hall and have a look round.They are dancing in a round.He worked round the day.The boys eyes rounded with excitement.(二) 根据上下文确定词义举例：The car was really moving.Share prices moved ahead today.The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.Work on the new building is moving quickly.The governments opinions on this matter havent moved.Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(三) 根据词的搭配和表达习惯确定词义举例：deep:a deep wella deep reda deep mysterya deep voicea deep thinkerdeep in studydeep outragework:I think your suggestion will work.The new treatment works like magic.My watch doesnt work.The sea works high.She worked her way to the front.The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones.The new suggestion is working well.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game.(2002)二. 词义的引申(一) 通过抽象化加以引申举例：I have no head for mathematics.But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.(2005)(二) 通过具体化加以引申举例：The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. （2005）At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet. （2007）三. 词性转换转译成动词举例：I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.(一) 名词转译成动词1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词举例：Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.2. 含有动作意味的名词转译成动词举例：A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.In some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.(1999)Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come.(2003)3. 加后缀-er的名词转译成动词举例：He is a good singer.Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.(二) 形容词转译成动词与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautions, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, eager, enthusiastic, zealous等。举例：I am anxious about his health.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.(三) 副词转译成动词举例：She opened the window to let fresh air in.After careful investigation they found the design behind.词性转换转译成名词(一) 由名词派生和转用的动词转译成名词1. 名词派生的动词举例：To them, he personified the absolute power.2. 名词转用的动词举例：Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions.(二) 被动式的动词转译成名词举例：He was treated very shabbily by the press during this period.I was encouraged by our president.(三) 形容词转译成名词举例1：They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.Both compounds are acids, the former is strong and the latter is weak.词性转换转译成形容词(一) 由形容词派生的名词转译成形容词举例：The issue is of vital importance.词性转换其他词类转译(一) 形容词与副词的相互转译1. 形容词转译成副词举例：We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.This is sheer nonsense.2. 副词转译成形容词举例：This film impressed him deeply.The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.(二) 名词与副词的相互转译1. 名词转译成副词举例：When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.2. 副词转译成名词举例：It is officially announced that China has successfully launched her first manned spaceship.He is physically weak but mentally sound.四.词的增加1. 增词使语义完整:举例1：In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building.(2003)举例2： that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here.(2009)2. 增词补充原文省略的成分举例：We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game.(2001)3. 增词以传达语法含义举例1：For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.(2003)五 词的删减1. 结构性减词举例：If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.(2005)2. 修辞性减词举例：There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead.University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end.五：习语的翻译 直译法Armed to the teethPacked like sardinesSour grapesA gentlemans agreementThe heel of AchillesThe cold warBlood is thicker than water 汉语同义习语的套用法1. 双方有完全相同的形象比喻To praise to the skiesTo fish in troubled watersTo add fuel to the fireTo be on thin iceWalls have earsStrike while the iron i