初中动词时态总结.doc

初中动词时态总结1、 概述1. 动词：表示动作、状态或性质的词称为动词。例如：write、read、speak、listen、leave、walk等等。2. 时态：作谓语的动词用来表示动作或状况发生时间的各种形式称为时态（Tense）。3. 动词的基本形式（通常有5种）：原形、现在时第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词4. 归纳：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。 5. 英语中动词时态共有16种（见下表）。初中阶段需要掌握表格右下角加注的8种时态。 时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般一般现在时do/does一般过去时did一般将来时shall/ will do一般过去将来时should/would do进行现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时shall/will be doing过去将来进行时should/would be doing完成现在完成时have/has done过去完成时had done将来完成时shall/will have done过去将来完成时should/would have done完成进行现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来完成进行时shall/will have been doing过去将来完成进行时should/would have been doing2、 一般现在时1. 通常用法：表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作，或目前的特征或状态。2. 常用的时间状语：often、usually、sometimes、in spring、every day、in the morning，at +具体时间。3. 构成：1） 动词原形（主要），如：work；2） 第三人称单数形式，如：works；3） be & have,特殊的人称形式，随主语变化，如：am/is/are,have/has.4） 一般疑问句构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes , I do./No, I dont.Does+主语+动原+其它？Yes ,he does./No,he doesnt.Be+主语+其它？Yes , I am./No,Im not.5） 特殊疑问句举例：What do you often do on sundays?Where does he live?4. 具体用法：1） 目前经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。I go to work on foot every day.She often speaks English,so her English is very nice.2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth goes round the sun.Quzhou lies in the southwest of Hangzhou.3） 一个按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作,仅限于少数动词，如：begin,come,leave,go,start等。 The train leaves at 8:15.4） 表示格言或者警句中。Pride goes before a fall.(骄者必败）注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.5） 现在的特征、状况或能力。Guomingyi is always ready to help others.Lilei writes good English but does not speak well.6)主将从现主句用将来时 从句用现在时I will tell you,When Li Ming comes.Ill e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing.注:一般从句为时间状语从句由When /As soon as.引导的从句条件状语从句由If.引导的从句 7)在“时间、条件、方式、让步”等状语从句中表示“将来”的动作或状况。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, our company will start business. 8)在某些以here 、there开头句子中用一般现在时表示现在正在或已经发生的动作。Here we are at last!（我们终于到了）9) 用于电影、电视、戏剧、图文、标题等的解说或介绍。Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her.（剧本说明）5. 练习题：1） . _Alice often play the piano. No, she _.A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesnt2）. _ your penfriend _ in Beijing?A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live3. Tom and Mike _ very excited, they will take a trip.A. is B. are C. am4. I like _ very much. What about you?A. dance B. danced C. dancing5. I cant find my pen. Let me _.A. go and ask her B. go and ask hers C. go and ask she答案：CCBCA3、 一般过去时1. 通常用法：过去的习惯动作或过去某时发生的动作或状态。2. 常用的时间状语：yesterday、an hour ago、last night、two days ago、in 2012、at that time、before liberation（解放）、when等引导的含过去时的句子。3. 构成：1） 动词过去式（did),如：worked/used to work;2） 否定构成:didnt+动原，如：didnt work/used not(didnt use)to work;3) 一般疑问构成及简答：Did+主语+动原+其它？Yes,I did./No,I didnt.Was/Were+主语+其它？Yes , she was./No,she wasnt.4) 特殊疑问句举例：What did you do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?4.具体用法：1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football in the street.She often came to help me with my English.3) 在“时间、条件、方式、让步”等状语从句中表示“过去将来”。They planned to go outing if it was fine the next day.4) 在虚拟语气中，可表示“现在、将来”的动作或状态。Were I you(=If I were you),I would go abroad.5) 在谈到已逝的人的情况（包括后人对他们的评价）多用一般过去时。Newton was a great scientist.6) 用“used to +动原”或用“would +动原”，可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Whenever we were in trouble,he would help us.That is where I used to live when I was a child.5. 练习题：1) .I _ a cartoon on Saturday.A.watch B. watched C. watching2). We _ to zoo yesterday, and we also _ to the park. (go)A. go; go B. went; go C. went; went3). _ you _ your relatives last Spring Festival?A. Did; visit B. Does; visit C. Do; visit4).The twins in Dalian last year.They here now.A.was;are B. were; are C. are;are5).Who was on duty last Friday? .A. I am B. I was C. Yes,I was.答案：BCABB4、 现在进行时1. 通常用法：现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 常用时间状语：now、these days。3. 构成：1) is(am,are)+现在分词，如：am/is/are working.2) 否定构成：is(am,are) +not+现在分词，如：am/is/are not working.3） 一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are +主语+现在分词+其它?Yes,I am./No,Im not.4) 特殊疑问句举例：What are you doing now?Who is flying a kite there?注意：go、come、leave、arrive、return、die等的进行时可表示即将要发生的动作。4. 具体用法：1） 说话时正在发生或者进行着的动作。What are you doing now?-Im doing my maths homework.2） 表示现阶段在进行的动作（说话时不一定在进行）。Are you working hard this term?Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)3） 表示即将发生的动作，尤其是表示按“计划”或“安排”要进行的动作。When are you going off to Shenzhen?4） 表示反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always、constantly、continually 连用，常带有说话的某种感情色彩，如：赞扬、厌恶、不满、遗憾等。She is always thinking of her son.Language is always changing.5） 表示情况的暂时性。Charlie isnt feeling too well this morning.(平时不这样）6） be 动词有时可用于进行时态，表示“一时的表现”。You are not being friendly.(你这样说不够友好）。7） 表示渐变的动词有：get、grow、become、turn、run、go、begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.注意：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue例如：I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know,realize,think,believe,see,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,forget,remember,want,need,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate例如：I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.例如：I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn例如：You seem a little tired.5. 练习题： 1）. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 2）. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 3）. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 4）. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep答案：CDCAB5、 过去进行时1. 通常用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景。2. 常用时间状语：at this time yesterday、at that time、from nine to ten last evening、when/while引导的从句。 3. 构成：1） was/were +现在分词，如：was/were working.2） 否定构成：was/were not+现在分词，如：wasnt/were not working.3)一般疑问构成及简答：Were/Was +主语+现在分词+其它?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.4） 特殊疑问句举例：What were you doing this time yesterday?Where was he standing when the teacher came in?4. 具体用法：1） 表示过去某一时刻正在进行着的动作。Most of the people were still sleeping when the earthquake happened.2） 表示过去某一阶段在进行的动作。Last month they were building a bridge over a river in their hometown.3） 表示过去即将发生的动作。She asked him whether he was coming back for lunch.4） 表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always、constantly、continually、frequently等连用，常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。Her father was always working like that. 5） 可用来描写故事发生时的背景。It was dark and a strong wind was blowing.5.练习题：1）.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding2）. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked3）.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking4）.I don t think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared5）.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop(无线电商店） at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked答案：AADBB6、 一般将来时1. 通常用法：将来发生的动作或状况。2. 常用时间状语：tomorrow、next year/month、in a few of minutes、tonight等。3. 构成：1） shall/will+动原，如：shall/will work;2） am/is/are going to+动原,如：am/is/are going to work;3） am/is/are(about )to+动原，如：am/is/are (about) to work;4） 否定构成：shall/will not+动原，如：shall/will work.am/is/are not.5） 特殊疑问句举例：What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?4. 具体用法：1） 表示将要发生的动作或状态。Xiaoming shall be eleven years old next year.She wont be free tonight.2） 表示一种倾向性或习惯性的动作。People will die without air.3） 其他表示将要发生的动作或情况的结构和时态。am/is/are going to+动原.该结构表示“即将发生”或“打算要做”某事。I think it is going to rain.He is going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money.am/is/are to+动原.该结构表示（按计划、安排）“要求”、“约定”、“必须”做某事。They are to be back by 6 oclock.You are to hand your homework tomorrow.am/is/are about to+动原.该结构表示“即将”、“就要”做某事。We are about to go home.We are about to send leaflets（宣传页）.5. 练习题： 1）. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 2）. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work 3）. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4）. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give 5）. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be答案：CDDBD7、 过去将来时1. 通常用法：表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或状态。2. 常用时间状语：the next day、the next week.3. 构成：1） should/would+动原，如：should/would work;2） was/were going to+动原,如：was/were going to work;3） was/were(about )to+动原，如：was/were(about) to work;4） 否定构成：should/would not+动原，如：should/would not work;was/were not.5） 一般疑问构成：常用If或Whether引导宾语从句。6） 特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would the next week.4. 具体用法与一般将来时相似，但时间基点是“过去”，不再具体论述。He said he would join us in playing basketball if he had time.She was about to leave when the telephone rang.He said he was going to have a try.I told her that they were to hold a meeting the next day.5. 练习题：1）. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2）. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3）. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4）. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5）. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take答案：CCDDB8、 现在完成时1. 通常用法：表示在说话之前已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响；表示过去已经开始而持续到现在的动作或状态；说话之前发生的动作，这种动作多次发生，成为一种经验。2. 常用时间状语：already、just、never、before、recently、in the past few years、ever、so far、since+过去的点时间、for+段时间。3. 构成：1） have/has + 过去分词，如：have/has worked；2） 否定构成：have/has not+ 过去分词，如：have/has not worked；3） 一般疑问构成：Have/Has +主语+过去分词.?4） 特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently?How long has he lived in Shanghai?4. 具体用法：1） 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或联系。He has gone to Hangzhou.（现在不在这里）2） 表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作或状态。We have studied English for ten years.3） 表示迄今为止的某动作或状态的结局或总和。This is the first time Ive been here.5. 使用现在完成时需注意的几个问题：1） 终止性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能连用的时间状语，如：yesterday,last week,five years ago,in 1980等。但可以和不确定的时间状语连用，如：ever、already、often、not.yet、once、twice等。2） have/has been to a place：去过某地（已回来）；3） have/has gone to a place：已去某地（已动身走了，人不在说话现场）。He has been to Beijing.（现在已回来，人不在北京）He has gone to Beijing.（已动身走了，人不在此处，可能已到北京，也可能在去北京的路上）6. 练习题：1)、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2）、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish 3）、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4）、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5）、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; bette