反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)专项讲解.doc

反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)专项讲解一、定义：反意疑问句即附加疑问句，它表示提问人的看法,但没有把握,需要对方证实。二、结构：反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式如：they work hard, dont they?she was ill yesterday, wasnt she?you didnt go, did you?he cant ride a bike, can he?he is a student, isnt he?三、特殊的句型请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1当陈述部分的主语是i , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为：i am a student, arent i ?everyone is in the classroom, arent they? (基本不用单数）nobody will go, will they?2.否定（1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则为肯定形式：there are few apples in the basket, are there?he can hardly swim, can he?they seldom come late, do they?（2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词时，疑问部分要用否定形式。如：he looks unhappy, doesnt he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？the girl dislikes history, doesnt she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？3.think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如：i expect our english teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?we suppose you have finished the project, havent you?值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如：i dont believe that he can translate this book, can he?我认为他能翻译这本书,对吗?we dont imagine the twins have arrived, have they?我们认为他们还没来,是不是?此类句子的回答同“前否后肯”型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为“yes, they have.”；若尚未到达，使用“no, they havent.”。(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关.）。例如：your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?你姐姐(妹妹) 认为她不需要帮助,是吗?you thought they have completed the project, didnt you?你认为他们已经完成这项工程了,是吗?they dont believe shes an engineer, do they?他们认为她是个工程师,是吗?she doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?她不期待我们这么早就来,是吗?(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。4.陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示“有”、完成时态时，疑问句应用hadnt等开头：youd better get up early, hadnt you?其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头5.当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达lets go out for a walk, shall we? （当开头是lets时，一定要用shall we）let us go out for a walk, will you? （当开头是let us时，一定要用will you）let me help you, may i?turn on the radio, will you?6.there be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为 be 动词 + therethere are some apples in the basket, arent there?there isnt any milk left, is there?7.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：（1）mustnt表示“禁止，不可”时，附加问句通常要用must.you mustnt stop your car here,must you?你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？（2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt.they must finish the work today,neednt they?他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？（3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。he must be good at english,isnt he?他英语一定学得很好，是吗？（4）当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。she must have read the novel last week,didnt she?她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗？you must have told her about it,havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？8.反意疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，回答意思相反,当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如：they dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/no, they dont. 对， 他们工作不努力反义疑问句强化练习1. lets go swimming, _?2. let us do it,_?3. open the door for me, _?4. bring me some paper,_?5. dont let them catch you,_?6. hell come ,_?7. we had better go ,_?8. he has to stay here all day,_?9.you need to come earlier, _?10.none of us need stay here, _?11. he never used to swim in winter, _?12. there used to be a bookstore her, _?13. you mustnt walk on the grass, _?14. you must be very tired, _?15. i dont believe that he will come, _?1