外文翻译-基于PLC使用图像处理技术识别和验证货币自动售货机

PLC BASED CHANGE DISPENSING VENDING MACHINE USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFYING AND VERIFYINGCURRENCYAbstract :Change dispensing vending machines are used to provide change to the user as per the denomination of note given to the machine by the user. Change dispensing vending machine using PLC can be implemented using various devices or techniques such as transistors, transducers, sensors and image processing technique. In this research paper image processing technique is used with PLC for change dispensing machine. Counterfeit currency is the major problem associated with change dispenser machine. To detect the counterfeit note and to identify its denomination image processing technique is used. The output of the image processing is given to the PLC and the operation of PLC is programmed using ladder logic in this paper.Key Words:Currency, PLC, Sensor, Image processing technique, Change dispensing (vending) machine.1. INTRODUCTIONA change dispensing vending machine is a machine which is used to dispense change to the user as per the value of the currency inserted in the machine . The user will get all the details on the screen necessary for the valid transaction. Image processing technique is used for validation and identification of note. Along with it a strain gauge based load sensor can be used for checking the availability of stock in the machine.The operation of a programmable controller is relatively simple. The input/output (I/O) system is physically connected to the field devices that are encountered in the machine or that are used in the process control. These field devices may be discrete or analog input/output devices, such as limit switches, pressure transducers, push buttons, motor starters, solenoids etc. The I/O interfaces provide the connection between the CPU with the information providers (inputs) and controllable devices (outputs). During its operation, the CPU completes three processes: (1) it reads, or accepts, the input data from the field devices via the input interfaces, (2) it executes, or performs, the control program stored in the memory system, and (3) it writes, or updates, the output devices via the output interfaces. This process of sequentially reading the inputs, executing the program in memory, and updating the outputs is known as scanning.2. OBJECTIVETo design a change dispenser which will accept currency (note) of denomination 10 rupees and 20 rupee and will dispense 5 rupee coin. So, when the user inserts 10 rupee note he/she would get 2Nos 5 of 5 rupee coins and 4Nos of 5 rupee coins for the 20 rupee note after validation, identification of note and availability of stock.3. LITERATURE REVIEW1 In 2013 Vipin Kumar Jain and Dr. Ritu Vijay propose method for identifying denomination of currency using image processing technique. First the ROI is extracted than by pattern recognition and Neural Network matching technique is used to match or find the currency.2 In 2014 S.Surya and G.Thilambal propose method to recognize currencies from different countries based on features that is color, texture, size in image processing using filters and Sobel operator.3 In 2014 Binod Prasad Yadav, C.S Patil, R.R Karhe , P.H Patil propose method counterfeit currency detection using MATLAB and feature extraction with HSV color space and other application of image processing technique.4. FEATURES OF 10 AND 20 RUPEES CURRENCYEvery Indian currency issued by RBI has some special security features.Some are same for certain currencies while other may vary as shown in table 1.TABLE4-1: Features of 10 and 20 rupees noteFeature10 Rupee note20 Rupee noteImageSize 63137 mm 63147mmSeen through register Water markFluorescenceSecurity Thread Micro lettering Year of printingIntaglio image Latent imageIdentificationmark TABLE4-2: Main demarcation of 10 and 20 rupees noteFeature10 Rupee note20 Rupee noteSize 63137 mm 63147mmIdentification mark Intaglio image 5. HARDWARE REQUIREDPLC, Camera or Sensor, currency, coin6. METHODOLOGY6.1 IMAGE ACQUIT ION-Image acquisition is the first step for identifying denomination and counterfeit currency as image processing technique processes the acquired image. Image can be acquire using scanner or camera. The image captured/ scanned are stored in .jpeg format6.2 IMAGE PREPROCESSINGThe main purpose for preprocessing is to remove noise from the acquired image and to improve its visual appearance. It includes resizing image, removing noise , separating channels, denoising each channels and then restoring channels.6.3 FEATURE EXTRACTIONIt includes the following steps such as-6.3.1 COLOR FEATURE-It includes converting rgb to xyz color space and then to luv color space. The image obtained is further processed by separating l,u,v then finding the mean, color variance and color skewness for each channel.6.3.2 EDGE FEATUREIn edge detecting feature rgb color space is converted into ycbr color space then y component is extracted , sobel mask is applied and edges are detected.6.3.3 CONTRAST ENHANCE THE GRAY IMAGE-After gray scale conversion the image contrast is enhanced to emphasize dark lines in lighter background.6.4 SEGMENTSThe number of segments obtained depends on currency for real currency there is only one segment while for counterfeit currency there are many segments as shown in figure 1.7. CHECKING COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY AND DENOMINATION OF CURRENCYFlowchart for identifying denomination and counterfeit currency is shown in figure 1 7.1OUTPUT FOR DENOMINATION OF CURRENCYThe acquired image is compared with the stored image and accordingly output for denomination is identified if the image matches with the stored image it will shows the denomination otherwise it will show invalid currency.7.2 OUTPUT FOR REAL OR COUNTERFEIT CURRENCYThe graph obtained for real and counterfeit currency is shown in figure 2.Figure 7-1 obtaining real and counterfeit currencyTABLE-7-1: Features of real and counterfeit currency graph Real CounterfeitThreshold value10*1043*104projected value at 07.5 0Projected-smoothened0 .5Difference between projected valueVerySmall small8. IMPLEMENTATIONThe flowchart of vending machine using PLC is shown in figure 3FIGURE 3. Implementation of change dispensing machine using PLC9. PLC LADDER DIAGRAMThe above flow chart is programmed in PLC as shown in ladder diagram in figure 4FIGURE4. Ladder diagram of PLC based change dispensing machineHere,I1,I2,I3 and I4 are normally open.Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 are coils.I1- input given to PLCI2- 10 rupee note is identified and verified in Image Processing .I3 sufficient stock available.I4- 20 rupee note is identified and verified in Image Processing.Q1- Dispenses 2 no of 5 rupee coin.Q2- Dispenses 4 no of 5 rupee coin.Q3- Displays fake note.Q4- Displays insufficient stock. FIGURE9-1:the trapezoid diagram shown 10. WORKING10.1 RUNG 1- First the image is acquired using scanneror camera and then processed using image processing technique in Matlab.10.2 RUNG 2- When input is given to machine, Image processing identify and verify 10 rupee note and check for sufficient stock in machine then machine dispenses 2 no of 5 rupees coin.10.3 RUNG 3- When input is given to machine, Image Processing identify and verify 20 rupee note and sufficient stock is available then machine dispenses 4 no of 5 rupees coin.10.4RUNG 4- When input is given to machine and the Image Processing does not identify the inserted note as 10 or 20 rupee note then machine displays fake note.10.5RUNG 5- When input is given to machine, Image Processing identify and verify either 10 rupee or 20 rupee note and there is insufficient stock then machine displays insufficient stock.11.RESULTThe designed machine successfully give two coins of 5 rupees whenever a currency of Rs 10 is inserted in the machine only after verifying its correctness and availability of stock in the machine. This machine also gives four 5 rupees coin for Rs 20 as input as explained above.12. CONCLUSIONIt is observed that image processing technique used for identification and verification of currency is faster than sensor in PLC based vending machine.基于PLC使用图像处理技术识别和验证货币自动售货机摘要：自动售货机是根据用户给机器的面额，提供给用户以不同的服务，其使用PLC可以使用各种设备或技术，如晶体管、传感器、传感器和图像处理技术。假币是与自动售货机相关的主要问题，本研究采用了PLC的图像处理技术检测和识别假币面额。将图像处理输出给PLC，并用梯形图编程实现PLC的操作。关键词：货币，PLC，传感器，图像处理技术，更换点胶（自动）售货机1. 引言自动售货机是一种根据插入机器上的货币的价值来分配给用户变化的机器。用户将在屏幕上获得有效交易必要的所有细节。图像处理技术用于票据的确认和识别。随着它的一个应变计为基础的负载传感器可用于检查在机器的库存可用性。可编程控制器的操作相对简单。输入/输出(I / O)系统与在机器中遇到或在过程控制中使用的字段设备相连接。这些场设备可能是离散的或模拟的输入输出设备，例如限制开关、压力传感器、按钮、电机启动器、螺线管等。I / O接口提供了CPU与信息提供者(输入)和可控设备(输出)之间的连接。在操作过程中，CPU完成了三个进程:(1)它通过输入接口从字段设备读取或接受输入数据，(2)它执行或执行存储在内存系统中的控制程序，(3)通过输出接口编写或更新输出设备。这种顺序读取输入、在内存中执行程序和更新输出的过程称为扫描。2. 目标设计一种可接受面额为10卢比和20卢比的货币(纸币)，并可兑换5卢比硬币的自动售货机。因此，当用户插入10卢比时，在验证纸币的真实性和库存的可用性后，他/她将得到2个5卢比硬币，4个 5卢比硬币在确认的20卢比纸币后。3.文献综述1 在2013年，Vipin Kumar Jain和Ritu Vijay博士提出了一种使用图像处理技术来识别货币面值的方法。首先采用模式识别和神经网络匹配技术提取ROI，以匹配或查找货币。2 在2014年代。叙利娅和G.Thilambal提出了一种基于颜色、纹理、图像处理中使用滤波器和Sobel算子的特征来识别不同国家货币的方法。3 在2014年，宾德普拉萨德亚达夫，C.帕蒂尔,R.R Karhe,P.H Patil通过MATLAB和HSV颜色空间的特征提取和图像处理技术的其他应用，提出了伪造货币检测方法。4.10卢比和20卢比货币的特点印度储备银行发行的每一种印度货币都有一些特殊的安全特性。有些货币与某些货币是相同的，而其他货币则不同，如表4-1所示。表4-1：10和20卢比的纸币特点10卢比纸币20 卢比纸比图像 尺寸 63137 mm 63147mm通过登记 水痕 荧光 安全线 微刻字年印刷 凹版印刷图像 潜像识别符号表4-2 10和20卢比注主要划分特点10 卢比20 卢比尺寸 63137 mm 63147mm识别符号 凹版印刷图像 5.硬件要求可编程控制器，相机或传感器，货币，硬币。6. 方法6.1图像表现离子图像采集是识别面额和假币的第一步，图像处理技术处理获得的图像。图像可以通过扫描仪或照相机获得,并以JPEG格式存储。6.2图像预处理预处理的主要目的是消除获得图像的噪声，提高其视觉外观。它包括调整图像，消除噪声，分离通道，去噪每个通道，然后恢复通道。6.3特征提取它包括以下步骤，如：6.3.1颜色特征,