英文翻译范文

英文翻译范文英文翻译范文 大连理工大学城市学院本科生毕业设计 翻译 学院电子与自动化 学院专业电子信息工程学生周正指导教师王増彩完成日期xx年5月9 号Si ngl e chi p1英文原文Single chip SCM is also known as micro controller Microcontroller Unit monly usedletters of the acronymMCU thatit wasfirst used in industrialcontrol Only asingle chipby the CPU chipdeveloped froma dedicatedprocessor The firstdesign isby a large number of peripheralsand CPUon a chip in the putersystem smaller more easilyintegrated into a plexand demandingon thevolume controldevice which INTEL sZ80is thefirst designedin aordancewith thisidea processor then on the development of microcontroller and dedicatedprocessors haveparted ways 8 bits microcontrollerearly or4bits early One of the mostsuessful is the INTEL8031 for a simple reliable andgood performancewas a lot ofpraise Then it is developedin8031out ofMCS51MCU Systems SCM systems are based on thissystem untilnow is still widely used With theincreased requirementsof industrialcontrol field began a16 bit microcontroller because the cost is not satisfactorybut havenot beenvery widely used After90years withthe greatdevelopment ofconsumer electronics microcontroller technologyhas beena hugeincrease With INTEL i960series especially the later series of widelyused ARM 32 bit microcontrollerquickly replacehigh end16 bit MCUstatus andenter the mainstream market The traditional8 bit microcontrollerperformance has been the rapid increasecapacity increasepared to80the number of times Currently Si ngl e chi p2high end32 bit microcontrollerclocked over300MHz the performancecatching themid 90 s dedicatedprocessor while theaverage modelprices fallto oneU S dollars the mosthigh end 1 model only10dollars Modern SCMsystemsareno longeronly in the development and use of baremetal environment a largenumber ofproprietary embeddedoperating systemis widelyused in the fullrange of SCM The handheld puters andcell phonesas the core processingof high end microcontrollercan evenuse adedicated Windowsand Linuxoperating systems SCM ismore suitablethan thespecific processorused in embedded systems so itwas upto the application In factthe number of SCM is theworld s largestputer Modern humanlife usedin almostevery pieceof electronicand mechanicalproducts will be integrated single chip Phone telephone calculator home appliances electronic toys handheldputersand puteraessories such as amouse with a1 2in boththe Departmentof SCM Personal puterwill have alargenumber ofSCM in the work General carwith more than40SCM plex industrialcontrol systemsmay evenhave hundredsofSCM in the same timework SCMis not onlyfar exceedsthe number of PCand otherputing thesum or evenmore thanthe numberof humanbeings Single chip also known as single chip microcontroller it is not pletea certainlogic chips but toa putersystem integratedinto achip Equivalent toa micro puter and puterthan justthe lackof amicrocontroller I O devices General talk achipbees a puter Its smallsize light weight cheap for thestudy application anddevelopment ofSi ngl e chi p3facilities provided At the same time learning to use the MCU is to understand the principleand structureof the puter the best choice SCM and the puterfunctions internallywith similarmodules such asCPU memory parallel bus the sameeffect aswell and harddisk memorydevices and differentis itsperformance of these ponentswere relativelyweak manyof ourhome puter but theprice islow usually notmore than10Yuan you can dowith it some controlfor aclass is not veryplicated electricalwork isenough of We areusing automaticdrum washing machine smoke hood VCD andso onappliances whichcould seeits shadow It isprimarily as a controlsection of thecoreponents It is anonline real time controlputer control line isthat thescene isneeded is a strongeranti jamming ability low cost and this is and off line puter such ashome PC the maindifference SinglechipMCU isthrough running and can be modified Through differentprocedures toachieve differentfunctions in particularspecial uniquefeatures thisis another devicemuch effortneeds to be done some greatefforts arevery difficultto do Not veryplex functionsif the50 s withthe UnitedStates developed74series or the60 s CD4000seriesof these purehardware buttoned then thecircuit must be alarge PCBboard But if the UnitedStates if the70 s with a seriesof suessfulSCM market the resultwill be a drastihange Just becauseyou areprepared bymicroputer programscan achievehigh intelligence high efficiencyand highreliability Si ngle chi p4The CPUis thekey ponentof adigital puter Its purposeis todecode instructionreceived frommemory andperform transfers arithmetic logic and controloperations withdata storedin internalregisters memory or I O interfaceunits Externally the CPUprovides oneor morebuses fortransferring instructions data and controlinformation toand fromponents connectedto it A microcontroller is presentin thekeyboard and in themonitor in the generiomputer thus theseponents are also shaded In suchmicrocontrollers the CPUmay bequite differentfrom thosediscussed inthis chapter The wordlengths may be short the numberof registerssmall and the instruction setslimited Performance relatively speaking is poor but adequatefor thetask Most important the costof these microcontrollers isvery low making theiruse costeffective As the microcontroller on thecost sensitive so nowthe dominantsoftware or the lowestlevel assemblylanguage which isthe lowestlevel in addition tomorethanbinary machinecode language and asso lowwhy isthe use Many high level languagehas reachedthe levelof visualprogramming whyis notit The reasonis simplythat there isnohome puteras asingle chipCPU not as hard as a massstorage device A visualizationof smallhigh level languageprogram whicheven ifonly onebutton will reachtens ofK ofsize For thehome PC sharddrive interms ofnothing but interms of the MCUisnot aeptable SCM in the utilizationof hardwareresources tobe very high for the jobso althoughthe originalisstillin thepilation ofa lotof use The sametoken ifthegiant puteroperating systemand applicationsrun upto gethome PC home PC also can not affordto Si ngle chi p5Can besaid that the twentieth century acrossthe three power era that is the ageof electricity the electronicage andhas enteredinto theputer age However this puterusually refersto thepersonal puter referred toas PC It consistsof thehost keyboard monitor and other ponents Another typeof puter most peopledo notknow how This puter istogive allkinds ofintelligent machinessingle chip alsoknownasmicro controller As thename suggests this putersystem tookonly aminimal integratedcircuit can beasimpleoperation andcontrol Because it is small usually hiddenin thecharged mechanical stomach Itisin the device like thehuman brainplays arole it goeswrong and thewhole plantwas paralyzed Now this microcontrollerhas avery broadfield of use such assmart meters real time industrialcontrol munications equipment navigation systems and household appliances Once allkinds of products wereusing SCM can serveto upgradethe effectivenessofproducts often in the productname precededby theadjective intelligent such asintelligent washing machines Now sometechnical personnelof factoriesor otheramateur electronicsdevelopers toengage inout ofcertain products not thecircuit is too plicated that functionistoosimple andcan easilybe copied The reasonmaybestuck in the productdid notuse amicrocontroller orother programmablelogic device SCM historySCM wasborn in thelate20thcentury 70 experienced SCM MCU SOC threestages First model1 SCM the single chip microputer Single ChipSi ngle chi p6Microputer stage mainly seekingthebestof thebest singleform ofembedded systemsarchitecture Innovation model suess laying theSCM andgeneral puterpletely differentpath ofdevelopment In theopen roadof independentdevelopment ofembedded systems Intel Corporationcontributed 2 MCU themicro controller Micro ControllerUnit stage themaindirection oftechnology development expanding tomeet theembedded applications the targetsystem requirementsfor the various peripheralcircuits andinterface circuits highlight the object ofintelligent control It involvesthe areas associated withthe objectsystem therefore the development of MCU s responsibilityinevitably fallson electrical electronics manufacturers From thispoint ofview Intel fadedMCU developmenthas itsobjective factors In the development ofMCU the mostfamous manufacturersas the numberofPhilips Corporation Philips Companyinembeddedapplications its greatadvantage the MCS 51single chip micro puter from therapiddevelopmentof themicro controller Therefore when welook backatthepath ofdevelopmentofembedded systems do notforget Inteland Philipsin History Embedded SystemsEmbedded systemmicrocontrolleris an independentdevelopment path the MCUimportant factorinthedevelopment stage is seekingapplications tomaximize the solution on the chip Therefore thedevelopmentof dedicatedsingle chipSOC trend of thenatural form As themicroelectronics IC design EDA toolsdevelopment application systembased onMCU SOCdesign havegreater development Therefore the understandingSi ngle chi p7of the microcontroller chipmicroputer can be extended to thesingle chipmicro controller applications MCU applicationsSCM nowpermeate allareas ofour lives which isalmost difficultto findtraces ofthe fieldwithout SCM Missile navigationequipment aircraft all types of instrumentcontrol puter workmunications anddata transmission industrial automation real time processcontrol anddata processing extensive use of varioussmart ICcard civilian luxurycar securitysystem video recorder camera fully automaticwashingmachinecontrol and program controlled toys electronic pet etc which areinseparable from the microcontroller Not tomention thearea ofrobot control intelligent instruments and medical equipment was Therefore the MCU learning developmentand application ofthe largenumberof puter applicationsand intelligent control ofthe scientists engineers SCMis widelyusedin instrumentsand meters householdappliances medicalequipment aerospace speci alized equipment intelligent managementand processcontrol fields roughly dividedinto thefollowing severalareas 1 In theapplication ofIntelligent InstrumentsSCM has a smallsize low powerconsumption controlling function expansion flexibility the advantagesof miniaturizationand easeofuse widelyusedinstrument bining differenttypesofsensors can be realizedZulu voltage power frequency humidity temperature flow speed thi ckness angle length hardness elemental physical pressuremeasurement SCM makesuseofdigital instruments Si ngle chi p8intelligence miniaturization and functionalitythan electronicor digitalcircuits morepowerful Such asprecision measuringequipment power meter oscilloscope various analyticalinstrument 2 The industrialcontrol applicationWith the MCU canconstitute a variety of control systems data acquisitionsystem Such asfactory assemblyline ofintelligentcontrol3 Household AppliancesCan besaid thatthe appliancesare basicallyusing SCM praise from the electricrice washingmachines refrigerators air conditioners color TV andotheraudio videoequipment to theelectronic weighingequipment varied and omnipresent 4 The field ofputerworks andmunications applicationsMCU generalwith modernmunication interface can beeasy withtheputerdata munication working andmunications inputer applicationsbetween deviceshad excellentmaterial conditions are basicallyall municationequipment toachieve acontrolled byMCU frommobile phone telephone mini program controlled switchboards building automatedmunications callsystem train radiomunication tothedaily workcan beseen everywhereinthemobile phones trunked mobileradio walkie talkies etc 5 Microputer inthe fieldof medicaldevice applicationsSCM inthe useof medicaldevices is also quiteextensive such asmedical respirator thevariousanalyzers monitors ultrasound diagnosticequipment andhospital beds etc call Si ngle chi p9system 6 In avariety ofmajor appliancesinthemodular applicationsDesigned toachieve somespecial singlespecific functiontobemodular in avarietyof circuitapplications without requiringthe useof personnelto understandits internalstructure If musicintegratedsinglechip seemingly simplefunction miniature electronihip inthe the principleis differentfromthetape machine you needaputersimilar tothe principleoftheplex Such as music signalto digitalform storedin memory like ROM read by themicrocontroller and analogmusic intoelectrical signals similar tothe soundcard In largecircuits modular applicationsthat greatlyreduce thevolume simplifies thecircuit andreduce thedamage error rate but alsoeasy toreplace 7 Microcontroller intheapplicationfieldofautomotive equipmentSCMinautomotive electronicsiswidelyused such asa vehicleengine controller CAN bus based IntelligentElectronic ControlEngine GPS navigationsystem abs anti lock brakingsystem brake system etc In addition the MCUin business finance research education national defense aerospace andother fieldshas avery widerange ofapplications 8 The applicationof AT89C51Microcontrollers areusedina multitudeof mercialapplications such as modems motor control systems air conditionercontrol systems automotive engineand amongothers The highprocessing speedand enhancedperipheral setSi ngle chi p10of thesemicrocontrollers makethem suitablefor suchhigh speed event based applications However these criticalapplication domainsalso requirethat thesemicrocontrollers arehighly reliable The highreliability andlow marketrisks canbe ensuredby a robust testingprocess anda propertools environment for the validation of thesemicrocontrollersboth atthe ponentand atthe system level Intel Platform Engineering departmentdeveloped anobject oriented multi threaded testenvironmentfor thevalidation of itsAT89C51automotive microcontrollers The goalsof thisenvironment wasnot onlyto providearobusttesting environmentfor the AT89C51automotive microcontrollers but todevelop anenvironment which canbeeasily extendedand reusedfor thevalidationofseveral otherfuture microcontrollers The environmentwas developedin conjunctionwith MicrosoftFoundation Classes AT89C51 Introduction The8 bit AT89C51CHMOS microcontrollers are designedto handlehigh speed calculationsand fastinput output operations MCS51microcontrollersaretypically usedfor high speed eventcontrol systems Commercial applicationsinclude modems motor control systems printers photocopiers air conditionercontrol systems disk drives and medicalinstruments The automotiveindustry useMCS51microcontrollers inengine control systems airbags suspension systems and antilock braking systems ABS The AT89C51is especiallywell suitedto applicationsthat benefitfrom itsprocessing speedand enhancedon chip peripheralfunctions set such asautomotive power train control vehicle dynamicSi ngle chi p11suspension antilock braking and stabilitycontrol applications Because ofthese criticalapplications the marketrequires areliable cost effective controllerwithalow interruptlatency response ability toservice the high numberof timeand eventdriven integratedperipherals neededin realtime applications andaCPU withabove averageprocessing powerinasingle package The financialand legalrisk ofhaving devicesthat operateunpredictably isveryhigh Once inthe market particularly inmission criticalapplications suchas anautopilot oranti lockbrakingsystem mistakes arefinancially prohibitive Redesign costscan runas highasa 500K much moreifthefix means2back annotatingit acrossa productfamily thatshare the same coreand or peripheraldesign flaw In addition field replacementsof ponentsare extremelyexpensive as the devices aretypically sealedin moduleswithatotal valueseveral timesthat ofthe ponent To mitigatethese problems itisessential thatprehensive testingofthe controllers becarried outat boththe ponentlevel andsystemlevelunder worstcase environmentaland voltageconditions This pleteand thoroughvalidation necessitatesnot onlya well defined processbut alsoa properenvironment andtools tofacilitate andexecute themission suessfully Intel ChandlerPlatformEngineeringgroup providespost siliconsystem validation SV of variousmicro controllers andprocessors The systemvalidation processcanbebroken intothree majorparts The typeofthe device andits applicationrequirements determinewhich typesof testingare performedon the device The AT89C51provides thefollowing standardfeatures Si ngle chi p124Kbytes ofFlash 128bytes ofRAM 32I O lines two16 bittimer counters a fivevector two level interruptarchitecture a fullduple serial port on chip oscillatorand clockcircuitry In addition the AT89C51is designedwith staticlogic foroperation downto zerofrequency andsupports twosoftware selectablepower savingmodes The IdleMode stopstheCPUwhile allowingthe RAM timer counters serialportand interruptsys tem tocontinue functioning The Power down Modesaves theRAM contentsbut freezesthe oscillatordisabling allother chipfunctions until the nexthardware reset Programming Algorithms Before programmingthe AT89C51 the address data andcontrol signalsshould beset upaording tothe Flashprogramming modetable and Figure3andFigure4 To programtheAT89C51 take thefollowing steps 1 Input thedesired memorylocation onthe addresslines 2 Input theappropriate data byte onthe datalines 3 Activate thecorrect binationofcontrolsignals 4 Raise EA VPP to12V forthehigh voltage programmingmode 5 Pulse ALE PROG onceto programabyteintheFlash array orthelock bits The byte write cycleis self timed andtypically takesno morethan1 5Ms Repeat steps1through5 changing the address anddata forthe entirearrayoruntiltheend oftheobjectfile isreached Data Polling The AT89C51features Data Polling toindicate theendofa write cycle During awrite cycle an attemptedread ofthe lastbyte writtenwill resultintheplement ofthe writtendatum onPO 7 Once thewrite cyclehas beenpleted true dataare validon alloutputs and thenext cyclemay begin DataPollingmay beginany timeafter awritecyclehasbeeninitiated Si ngle chi p13MCUlearningan importantpart ofthe sixapplications1 Bus We knowthat acircuit is always madeby the devices connectedb