时态标志1.doc

英语中各个时态的标志和时态间的区别（一）一般现在时。（do/does, am/is/are, 情态动词） a. 一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，once a week，every day等。 如：The earth goes around the sun. Japan lies east of China. He is never late for school. He often gets up at six every day. Cats can climb trees. I hear they have moved into a new house. He writes to his father once a year. b.一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的，或即将发生的事，通常使用瞬间动词come，start，begin，return，leave等。 如：My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m. Is there any meeting today? The game starts at 8:00.（二）现在进行时。（am/is/are doing） a.现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情，后面一般接延续性的动词，都表示动作没有进行完。 如：Look! The boy is dancing. He is watching a football game. What are you doing now? They are preparing for the exam recently. b.还常与always，usually，constantly，forever，continually等词连用表示一种语气，“总是，老是”， 如：He is always working late. Why are you always making this kind of mistake? He is continually getting into trouble with the police. c.后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作，或表示将来时（一般只有go, come, leave和have） 如：The monkeys are jumping. They are hitting the tree. 表将来：We are going swimming this afternoon. They are leaving here. They are having an English class tomorrow. 试比较： He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home. He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.注：表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等（三）现在完成时 a.现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作对现在还有影响，句中的时间副词主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等；用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作，句中的时间副词主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since, for。 如：He has already finished his homework. He hasnt arrived here yet. They have been here for ten years. He has waited here since he came. *与一般过去时比较，看下面一段对话： A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it. B: Yes, I _ (see) it on your table just now. But it _(not be) there any longer. Where and when _ you _(lose) it? A: I think I _ (lose) it yesterday. B: _ you _ (find) it? A: _.(Yes./No.) b.现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化： have finished/stopped/ended have been over have started/begun have been on have joined have been in/a member of have turned/become/got have been have left have been away from have arrived/reached/got to have been have died have been dead have married/got married to sb. have been married to sb.（四）一般将来时。（will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do） a.一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情， 如：He will come back in two days. When will he give the book back to me? Its going to rain. We are going to hold a sports meeting next week. They are leaving for New York. He is about to leave.（五）一般过去时。（did, was/were, 情态动词过去式） a.一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情，一般都要有表示过去的时间状语， 如：He went to school by bike yesterday. We had a good time last night. He could count to 1000 when he was three. He was a teacher before.注意：在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化： 如:He said, “I did it yesterday.” He said he did it the day before. today that day yesterday the/a/one day before the day before yesterday 2 days before last week the week before 2 weeks ago 2 week before tomorrow the next day/the day after或one/a day later the day after tomorrow 2 days after/later in a week/next week the next week in 2 weeks 2 weeks after/later（六）过去进行时。（was/were doing） a.过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情， 如：He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening. The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night. When he got home, his mother was cooking. b.或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情， 如：I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992. He was washing the dishes from seven oclock to seven thirty.（七）过去完成时 a.表示在过去的一个动作之前就已经完成的动作，即过去之过去。注意与现在完成时不同的是过去完成时必须要有具体的时间状语。 如：The train had left before she got to the station. They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month. He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here. He got back the book that he had left in the classroom. No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began. Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began.注意：如果两个或几个动作连续发生且衔接紧密时用一连串的一般过去式即可。 如：He locked the door and went away. Mr.Smith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends. He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris.（八）过去将来时。（would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing） a.过去将来时表示在过去某时就打算做的事情，或相对于过去将要发生的事情。 如：They were going swimming when I met them. He said he would go to New York. Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didnt.（九）复合时态。高中阶段所学到的复合时态主要有：完成进行时，将来完成时和将来进行时。 A.完成进行时表示到目前为止一直在做某事。过去完成进行时还可以表示刚刚结束的进行动作。 如：He has been painting the house the whole morning. They have been promising us to rise our salary these years. They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came. I asked him what he had just been doing? He had just been sleeping before I got there. B.将来完成时表示，到将来某时即将结束的动作。 如：We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term. They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow. C.将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。 如：We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow. She will be waiting there at 8 a.m. if you ask her to.区别：一、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： Im reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表示动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如： What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如： The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。如： Im wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否帮我们一下。 Im hoping that you will succeed.希望你能成功。二、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) (2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如： I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 (3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是6点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想着工作。 (4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如： I thought that he would agree with us. 我认为他会同意我们的观点。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想要说服他接受我们的建议。三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调动作的结果对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间，属于过去时的范畴。因此，过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用，而现在完成时不能与过去时间连用。如： I read the book two weeks ago. 我两周前读了这本书。 I have read the book for two weeks. 这本书我读了两周了。 四、现在完成时与现在进行时 现在完成时强调动作持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，或动作刚结束；而现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如： They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续) They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态)五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如： He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年) He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年) (2) 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如： He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。六、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 (1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如： He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。 (2) 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如： We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习两年了。 (3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如： I have lived here for many years. =I have been living here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。最常用常考的五种时态标志性时间状语 一般现在时: every ,often, usually, sometimes，always, 现在进行时: now, at the moment,at present, Look, Listen 一般将来时: tomorrow ,next ,in+ 一段时间,soon, the day after tomorrow 一般过去时: yesterday ,last ,一段时间+ago, the day before yesterday 现在完成时: already, yet, ever, never,so far(迄今为止) ,for+一段时间, since+时间点, just,in the past/last +时间段【引用】动词时态标志词2011-07-10 07:33:47|分类： 动词用法 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 本文引用自一切随缘动词时态标志词动词时态标志词1.一般现在时 (1) always, usually, often, sometimes (2) every day, every morning, every Saturday, every time (3) in the morning, on Saturdays (4) once a week, three times a day, twice a year2.一般过去时 （1) yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (evening, afternoon) （2) last time, last Friday, last term, last month (3) 2 hours ago, a week ago, 3 years ago （4) just now = a moment ago（5）in 1989（6）at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time（7） in the past 3.现在进行时 （1）now. nowadays （2）these days / at present （3）Look. Listen.4.过去进行时 （1）at that time.at that moment.this time yesterday evening（2）以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语5.一般将来时(1) tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning (evening, afternoon)(2) next time, next Friday, next term, next month(3) in+一段时间in + 一段时间 s + time(4) soon = right away = at once (5) by the end of + 将来时间6.过去将来时 （1）the next time/ Friday/ term/ month （2）the following month (week), 7.现在完成时 (1) already, yet, ever, never, just, before (2) for + 一段时间, since + 过去某一点时间; since+从句 （一般过去式）； since + 一段时间 + ago in / during the past / last +一段时间（3）recently ，lately（4）so far 8.过去完成时 （1）.by, by the time (of), by the end of + 过去时间 （2）when. before. after.+过去时间（3）up till then (直到时);up until last night(直到昨晚）等。（4）already, just, ever, yet 等。英语单选常见时态类标志词1. Its the first time that. (从句中用现在完成时) It was for the first time that(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调) Its (high) time that. (从句中用过去时或should do)2. Its the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此 （用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.be about to do / be doingwhen. 正要做/正在做就在那时.4 A is twice / three times as +原级+as BA is twice / three times the n. of B. A is twice / three times +比较级+than B5. Its a waste of time / money doing / to doIts no use / good doingIts possible / probable / (un) likely that.It makes great / no sense to do做某事很有/没意义6. Theres no use / good doing.Theres no sense / point (in) doingThere is no need for sth. / to do.There is (no) possibility that（同位语从句）7.The+比较级., the+比较级越., 越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb. 在某人看来某人 = Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.It seems / looks as if.好象/似乎.9.It (so) happened that sb. .某人碰巧.= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed .that sb=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done. (注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)12 .such.that.如此.以致于 （引导结果状语从句） .such.as像.的这种 (as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13. Do you mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?14. The chance is that./ (The )Chances are that.很可能.15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that. (从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必.16. depend on it that.取决于 see to it that.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17 It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that How / When / Where / Why is / was it that.?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18 .How is it that. （这几个句型都表示“怎么会.?” “怎么 发生的？”） How come+从句？ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that.?)如:How come you are late again?19. There seems / appears / happens to be / must be / cant be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be.表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有.” 介词（如of ）there being want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有. adj. / adv. enough for there to be.足够.会有.注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式； It is said / thought that there is / are=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be. 如：I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.It wont be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Who do you think hell have attend the meeting?21. But for + n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done.要不是., 某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for.,./ If there had not been ., .22. It won(t) be long before +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要.It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才.23. Those who. (从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式). Anyone who= Whoever. (从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24.主句（一般现在时或过去时）.when从句.(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that (同位语从句,that不可省略) There is / Sb. have some doubt whether. (同位语从句不可用if) Sb. doubt if / whether. Sb. dont doubt that26 . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句 on / upon + n. / doing No sooner had sb. done than .(过去时) Hardly had sb. done when.(过去时) 注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”；27.every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导时间状语句）anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）You can go anywhere you like.Next time you come, please bring your son along.28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是.就好了” “但愿就好了!”29 .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that.考虑到/鉴于.Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.30.There was a time when.曾经有那么一度.31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Not until.did / do/ does / will sb. doIt was / is not until that sb33.Its (un) like sb. to do / to have done做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.It remains to be seen Wh-words .是否.还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.It only remains for sb. to do剩下的只是要某人做某事.Weve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.One moment., and now刚才一会儿还在做而现在却.37.Not all / both / everyone表示部分否定38. Such is / are.这(些)就是.(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39. Id rather (not) do / have done我宁愿. Id rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40. Its important / necessary / strange / surprising.+that(用陈述语气或should do)41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完