初中初二八年级英语上册复习教学知识点归纳总结.doc

初中初二八年级英语上册复习教学知识点归纳总结,期末测试试题习题大全Unit 4 How do you get to school?【重要词汇概览】 subway/5sQbweI/n. 地铁，地下火车 train/treIn/ n. 火车 minute/5mInIt/n. 分钟 kilometer/5kIlE9mi:tE/ n. 公里，千米 quick/kwIk/ adj. 快的，迅速的half/hB:f/n. 一半，二分之一 past/pB:st/prep. 在时间上超过，在.之后，经过 stop/stCp/n. 车站 transportation/9trAnspC:5teIFEn/ n. 运送，运输 north/nC:W/ n. 北部，北方 adj. 北部的，北方的 depend/dI5pend/v. 依靠，依赖 must/mQst,mEst/aux.v. 必须，一定要 bicycle/5baIsIkl/ n. 自行车 ill/Il/adj. 生病的，不健康得 worry/5wQrI/v. 担心，担忧，焦虑【重要词组概览】 grow up长大，成长 take sb. some time to do sth.花费某人某些时间去做某事 in common 共有，相同 leave for 离开去某地 travel abroad 去国外旅游 go down to延续至；走下去 most of大多数的 some of一些 take the subway乘坐地铁 how far多远 bus station汽车站 bus ride乘汽车之行 school bus校车 come back回来 take the train乘坐火车 take the bus乘坐公共汽车 get to school到校 by boat乘坐小船 walk to school步行去上学 from .to.从.到. half past six六点半 depend on依靠，依赖 be different from和.不同 have to不得不【语法知识聚焦】1. How long does it take ? How long does it take you to get from home to school ? It takes about 25minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是固定句型，“花费某人多少时间去做某事”。take 在这里表示“花费时间”、“占用”、“需要”的意思。eg.It takes twenty - five minutes .占用25分钟。It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。动词take还有其他词义，常用的含义及用法如下：1) 拿；握住；抓住The mother took her child by the hand. 母亲拉着孩子的手。2) 取走，拿走Take this shopping home. 把买的东西拿回家。The foods here are all free - take any you like.这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。3) 乘，坐，搭（车、船）Shall we go by bus or take a cab?我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?to take a bus to work乘公共汽车上班4) 吃；喝；服用；吸入Take your medicine.把药服下。5) 进行；作；为to take a walk散步If you dont take / get more exercise youll get fat.你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。to take a look around在附近看看6) 测出，量出Take your temperature.量一量你的体温。7) 减掉，去掉If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.十减去四剩六。8) 懂得；了解Do you take me?你懂我的意思吗？9) 持续，花费（时间）Just a minute, it wont take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。10) 照像，拍照I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。He(or:His face) doesnt take well.他不上照。另外：To get to the hospital takes you half an hour . 其中“To get to the hospital”是不定式做主语。 不定式结构就是to + 动词原形。 如：want to play 中“to play”就是不定式。 在上一例句中不定式（划线）部分作主语太长，使句子不平衡。为了保持句子平衡，我们将它放在句尾。这时需要一个“形式”主语来代替它放在主语的位置。那么上一句就应该为：It takes you half anhour to get to the hospital . It为形式主语。 到目前为止我们已经学了几种“it”的用法。 1）表示动物的“它”。It is a panda .它是个熊猫。 2）表示前边提到过的事情或物。 如：I like the book . It is interesting . 3）表示天气。 It is warm . 天很暖和。 4）表示距离： It is ten miles。距离10英里。 5）作形式主语： It is important to eat a balanced diet . 真正的主语是to eat a balanced diet . 6）表示时间： It is 8 oclock . fromto表示“从到” from Shanghai to Beijing .从上海到北京。 from和to都是介词。It is ten miles from home to school .从学校到家有10英里。2. How do you get to school ? 你是怎样到学校的。特殊疑问词How表示“怎么样” get to“到达”。相当于reach 。eg. I get to school at 8 oclock .or：I reach school at 8 oclock .我8点到校。 注意get to + 名词，必须有“to”，因为“get”是不及物动词，如get to Beijing。 而“reach”是及物动词，可直接跟宾语，不加“to”只能说reach Beijing。 但是get to后如果跟“there , here , home”这三个副词时，不加“to”。 get there到达那里 get here到达这里 get home到家此外：arrive也表示到达，后面要加介词in或at，eg.He arrived in London at 3 p.m. 他下午三点到达伦敦。（同“get to”一样，后跟副词“there , here , home”时介词“in”或“at”不出现。如：He arrived home yesterday .昨天他到家了。）3. Then he leaves for school at around half past six . 然后他大约6点半时离开去学校。 leavefor 表示离开某地到某地。for后边跟的地方表示要去的地方而不是离开的地方。有时离开的地方不提，只提到for后边要到的地方。如： He left Beijing for Shanghai .他离开北京到上海。 He left for Shanghai .他离开去上海了。（离开哪里没有提，只提到要去的地方）4. In North America , most students go to school on the school bus .在北美，大部分学生们坐校车。 我们说乘公共汽车是by bus。by和bus中间没有“the”。表示在车上，用on。同样，说by train表示乘火车。如果是在火车上“on the train”。表示乘坐交通工具时的表示方法：1）用take，表示“乘坐” He takes the train .他乘火车。 He takes the bus .他乘公共汽车。2）用byHe gets to school by bus / train / plane/air / ship / car.他乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/船/小卧车到学校。 By是介词，表示“乘”什么工具，但要注意在by和bus等中间不加冠词“the”。 3）但当我们说步行到哪里时不用介词“by”，而用“on”。 on foot 如：He goes to school on foot .他步行去学校。 此外还可以说成：He walks to school .5. 在美国我们说地铁为subway ；而在英国将地铁称为underground .6. How far is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远？howfar问路程“多远”；howoften是问频率“间隔多久（一次）”；howlong是问（时间）“持续多久”，常与现在完成时或一般将来时连用。eg.HowfarisitfromBeijingtoGuangzhou?从北京到广州有多远？ How far do you live from school ?你住的地方离学校有多远？ I live 10 miles from school .（我住的地方）离学校有10英里。7. In China , it depends where you are . 在中国，要由你在哪里来定。where you are是动词depend的宾语从句。depend v. 依靠，依赖。一般与介词on表示“依靠”、“依赖”。1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要Children must depend on their parents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母。You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的诚实。depend on依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持depend upon 依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持 All living things depend on the sun for their growth .万物生长靠太阳。 depend on还可以表示依而定。eg. It all depends on you .取决于你。8. In big cities , students usually ride bikes to school or take buses . 在大城市，学生们通常骑自行车到校或坐公共汽车去。 其中city的复数形式是cities。 bus的复数形式是buses。9. And in places where there are rivers and lakes ,students usually go to school byboat . 在有河和湖的地方，学生们通常乘船去学校。 by boat表示乘船。 Where there are rivers and lakes作定语从句，所定的中心词是places。10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .（乘船）比坐公共汽车有更多的乐趣。 more 是much的比较级，意思是比更多的。 taking a bus是个动名词短语。11. A small number of students .少量的学生。 a number of = some，修饰复数名词，作定语，谓语用复数。如： A number of people are standing outside the office .办公室外面站着很多人。 the number of中的number指“总数量”，与复数名词连用。 如：The number of people there is over 500 .那儿的人数超过500。 该句主语是number , people作number的后置定语，因此谓语用单数is。12. I need to see my friend . need to do表示需要做某事，need在这里是行为动词，后边跟“to do”不定式。13. Dont worry .别着急。 worry在此处为行为动词，经常与about连用。 表示“对担心”，eg. His mother worries about his study .他妈妈对他的学习很担心。 另外还有个词组be worried about . 这时worried是个形容词，前边必须有be动词。如： He is worried about his English .他担心他的英语。【综合能力检测】一. 根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. Granny isnt in good health. My family w_ _ _ _ about her very much.2. A: What time is it? B: It h_ _ _ past seven. The meeting begins at eight oclock. A: Oh, then we have thirty minutes to relax before the meeting.3. Beijing is in the n_ _ _ _ of China.4. He has a qu_ _ _ mind. He is always the first to find the answers.5. Mary has to look after her mother at home. Because her mother is i_ _ in bed.二. 连词成句1. how, your, does , father , to, go, work?_?2. how, they, do, to, school, get, every day?_?3. how long, it , does , take, you, get, to, home, from , to , school?_?4. the, early, takes, bus, him, his, to, work place_.5. in North America, to, go, school, most, students, on, school, the , bus_.三. 方框选词,用所给动词的适当形式填空。about, how far, think of, walk, ride1. I usually _but sometimes I take the bus.2. The bus ride usually takes _25 minutes.3. Were _ going to visit Mr. Smith.4. He _ the bike to the subway station.5. A: _ does she live from school?B: She lives very near from school.四. 补全对话A: 1do you get to school?B: I 2the train.A: 3does it take?B: Oh, around forty minutes. How about you?A: I take the subway.B: Ho long does that 4?A: Oh, 5thirty-five minutes. 五. 完成句子1. 昨晚我用了一小时写作业。It _ _ one hour _ _ my homework yesterday evening.2. 我可以信任你吗？Can I _ _ you?3. 这个航班要飞多久？_ _ does the flight take?4. 下雨时，我乘坐出租车。When it _, I take a taxi.5. 周末我喜欢骑自行车.I like _ _ my bike on the weekends.6. 我们匆匆吃了饭，然后跑着去赶火车。We had a _ meal and then _ _ _ the train.六、就画线部分提问 1. It takes them about two hours to get to the bus station2. I take the subway to get to school 【参考答案点拨】一1. worry2. half3. north4. quick5. ill1. worry, 根椐题意及字母提示，并worry 经常与about 连用，意为:为. 担心。2. half，根椐字母提示及题意: Oh, then we have thirty minutes to relax before the meeting.3. north, 根椐字母提示及北京的地理位置。4. quick，根椐字母提示及题中的He is always the first to find the answers.5. ill，根椐题意及字母提示。二、1. How does your father go to work?2. How do they get to school every day?3. How long does it take you to get to school from home?4. The early bus takes him to his work place.5. In North America most students go to school on the school bus.三、1. walk 2. about 3. thinking of 4. rides 5How far1. walk, 因为句中交代but sometime I take the bus，与walk 形成对照。2. about, about常与时间连用，表示多少时间。3. thinking of, 动名词常与介词连用，作介词的宾语；Were 后应该接现在分词构成现在进行时。4. rides, 主语是第三人称单数，ride the bike 为固定的动词短语。5How far, 句子开头要大写，意思为“多远”，用来询问距离。四、1. How2. take3. How long4. take5. around五、1.took me, to do 2. depend on3. How long4. rains5. to ride6. quick, ran to catch1. took me, to do, It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事,时间状语为: yesterday evening, 应该用一般过去时。2. depend on 固定用法。3. How long 多长时间。4. rains, 主从句时态一致， it是第三人称单数，主谓一致。5. to ride, like to do sth, 本题中有两个空白，不能用like doing sth.6. quick, ran to catch, 形容词quick作定语修饰名词meal, ran 与had 时态一致。六、1. How long does it take them to get to the bus station? 2. How do you get to school?解析：画线部分是一段时间，用How long提问。解析：对方式提问用How。Detailed Solution for Unit 5Can you come to my party?【重要词汇】 lesson/5lesEn/ n. 课，课程 calendar/5kAlIndE/ n. 日历，行事历 tomorrow/tE5mCrEJ/ n. 明天 invitation/9InvI5teIFEn/n. 邀请 match/mAtF/n. 比赛，竞赛 whole/hEJl/adj. 整整的，全部的，完整的【重要词组】 baseball game棒球比赛 the day after tomorrow后天 come over to从一地方来到另一个地方，过来 go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上钢琴课 have to不得不 text time下一次 study for a test准备考试 be free有空儿，有时间【部分词汇用法】llesson功课，课程，课，教训1. do ones lessons 做功课：I usually do my lessons in the evening.2. have a lesson / have lessons （学生）上课：I had an art lesson yesterday.3. give a lesson to sb. / give lessons to sb. （老师）给某人上课： Our math teacher gave a funny lesson to us.4. teach (或) give sb. a lesson给某人一个教训： The terrible illness taught him a lesson, so he wanted to exercise every day.lanother另一，再一，别的作形容词：I am still hungry. I want to have another apple.作代词： I dont like this shirt. I want to have a look at another.1. from one to another 从一个到另一个： Im going hiking from one city to another.2. one after another 一个接着一个 I love apples, so I eat one after another when there are some at home.【重要词汇辨析】other/ others/another/the other/the othersother别的，作形容词，放在名词前 20 students in our class are English and the other students are Chinese.others作代词（复数），泛指别人或其他东西Some say yes, but others say no.another作代词（单数），泛指三个以上不定数目的人或事物中的另一个the other作代词（单数）,表示两者中的另一个人或事物I have two pens. One is red and the other is black.the others作代词（复数）,表示全体中除去一部分后其余所有的人后事物 20 students in our class are English and the others are Chinese.thank you for / thanks forthank you for谢谢你 后面跟sth./ thanks for谢谢你 后面跟doing sth. Thank you for your invitation. Thanks for coming to my party.Whole/ all1. 常可互换，但whole位于the和物主代词之后all my morning与my whole morning 2. all 不与a / an 连用，whole可以 可以说a whole year，但不可以说all a yearwho谁, whom谁, whose谁的who 问作主语的“谁”：Who can open this door?whom 问作宾语的“谁”：Whom are you looking after?注：口语中who和whom可以通用；whose 问事物的主人：Whose book is it?与come构成的常用词组come over顺便来访 come along一起来 come from来自come back回来 come down下来，败落 come round （非正式）过访，前来come into being形成，产生come out出来 come on赶快，来吧come in 进来 come up上来，出现come up with提出，赶上【重要句型】 1. Can you come to my party on Wednesday? 你星期三能来我的聚会吗？ Sure, Id love to. 当然，我很愿意。 2. Can you go to the movies? 你能去看电影吗？Im sorry. I have to help my mom. 对不起，我必须帮我妈妈。 3. Can she/he go to the baseball game? 她（他）能去棒球赛吗？No, she/he cant .She/he has to study for a test. 不能，她（他）不得不为考试学习。 4. Can they go to the concert? 他们能去音乐会吗？No, they cant .Theyre going to a party. 不能，他们将去（参加）聚会。【难点】使用Can you ？句型发出邀请并能正确回答。【重要词句详解】1. I have to help my parents . 我不得不帮助我的父母。Im sorry. I have to study for a math test. 对不起，我得为数学考试而学习。(1)have to表示“不得不”的意思,比较强调客观需要，即表示外界条件的需要不得不做某事，含有“形势逼迫”的意味；help的用法：help sb with sth .或help sb (to) do sth . eg. I have to help my parents with the housework .或说I have to help my parents (to) do the housework . 我不得不帮助我父母干家务。 You shall have to work hard if they want you to get it done this week.如果他们要你这周完成这项工作的话,你就得努力工作。(表示外界条件的客观需要。)而must则着重说明主观看法,表示个人的意志,eg.I must go there to help the poor. 我必须去帮助那些穷人们。(表示说话人自己的看法。)同时,在某些不需要强调这两种差别的场合,两者可以互相换用。eg.I am afraid we have to / must leave now. 我恐怕得走了。(2)study for表示“为而学”的意思,for的后面接study的目的,eg.We study hard for the people. 我们为人们而努力学习。They want to work hard for better pay. 他们为了更好的报酬而努力工作。2. 当别人向我们讲述他不能去的理由后，我们可以说 Thats too bad . Maybe another time . 太糟了，也许换个时间吧。 或Maybe next time . 也许下一次吧。3. Thanks for asking .谢谢你的邀请。 for是个介词不能直接跟动词 “ask”，所以动词变为动名词的形式 “asking”起到名词作用。 Thanks for your photos . (photos为名词) Thanks for helping me . (helping为动名词) Thank you for your invitation to visit next week .谢谢你邀请我下周去做客。4. I have a really busy week . 我有个实在忙碌的一周。5. Im playing tennis with the school team . 我将同校队打网球。6. finish the geography project in the evening .在晚上完成地理作业。 project有计划、工程、设计的意思。7. the whole day 整个一天。whole做“定语”，如：the whole country . 整个国家 the whole world 整个世界等8. come over to my house 到我家来 come over to表示从一个地方来到另一个地方。 come over还有“过来”“顺便来访”的意思9.I have too much homework this weekend.too much 用来修饰不可数名词,用来强调其“量”超出了正常的范围,eg.He sometimes finds his teachers leave them too much work to do. 他有时认为老师留给他们的作业实在是太多了。I dont want to eat too much food every day. 我不希望每天吃太多的东西。too用来修饰形容词或副词,表示“太”的意思,其程度比very, so, quite要强得多。10.Thank you for your invitation to visit next week.(1)thank you for“感谢”，for表示原因，表示感谢的缘由，后须接名词、代词或动名词,。eg.A thousand thanks for your kindness. 非常感谢你的善意。Well, I must be going now. Thanks for your time. 我得走了，谢谢你为我花费了时间。 Thanks for having me. 谢谢你的邀请。(2)名词invitation 来自动词invite,是在动词的后面加上后缀-tion或-ion构成,表示“情况,状态,性质,行为”等,如:questquestion, operateoperation等。11. Please keep quiet! Im trying to study.keep quiet 动词keep的用法很多,但主要意思基本不变,主要是“保存、保持”,表示持有的意思,具体用法有:(1)keep+名词,eg.We keep a dog at home. 我们在家养了一条狗。(2)keep+反身代词,eg.I kept myself warm by walking up and down. 我踱来踱去以暖和身子。(3)keep+sb/sth+形容词,eg.The kettle is used for keeping water warm. 热水瓶是用来保持水温的。(4)keep+动词-ing形式,eg.They kept working for another half an hour. 他们又继续工作了半个小时。(5)keep+sb/sth+动词-ing形式,eg.She kept us waiting for quite some time. 她让我们等了好一会儿。【语法知识聚焦】1. have to 与情态动词的区别情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语，have to 也是这样。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制，但是have to 有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态中，在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to, 其余人称用have to；一般过去时中用had to；一般将来时中用will have to, eg.She has to go to school by bus.她不得不乘公共汽车去上学。If you get ill, youll have to see the doctor.如果你生病的话，你就得看医生。2. have to 与must 的区别have to 和must 都有“必须”的意思，那么它们有哪些不同呢？(1) 含义和用法上的区别：have to 强调客观上需要做某事，即表示外界条件的需要不得不做某事，含有“形势逼迫”的意味；must 强调说话者主观上认为必须做某事，含有“主观判断”的意味， eg.My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.我的自行车在上学的路上坏了，我不得不走路去上学。（我本来不愿意走路，可是自行车坏了，不想走路也不行。）We must learn English well. 我们必须学好英语。（主观上有这种想法。）(2) 否定式的区别：have to 的否定式意为“不必”，must的否定式意为“禁止；不允许”。因此，以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+must”，否定回答为“No, 主语+neednt / dont have to”。eg.-Must I finish the homework now? 我必须现在完成作业吗？-Yes, you must. (No, you neednt / dont have to) 是的，你必须现在完成。（不，你不必。）3. 反意疑问句的构成区别： (1) 陈述部分含有have to 时，其附加问句的谓语往往用助动词do的相应形式或助动词will。eg. You had to go shopping yesterday, didnt you?昨天你不得不去购物，是吗？ (2) 陈述部分含有must 时，其附加问句的谓语，按下面几种情况来确定： A. must 意为“必须”时，附加问句谓语用neednt。eg. We must clean the classroom, neednt we? 我们必须打扫教室，是吗？ B. mustnt意为“禁止”之意，附加问句谓语用must。eg. The boy mustnt play with the knife, must he? 那个男孩不能玩刀子，对吗？ C. must 意为“应该”时，附加问句谓语用mustnt。eg. We must help each other, mustnt we? 我们应该互相帮助，对吗？ D. must 意为“一定；想必”表示推测时，附加问句部分谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。eg. Mr Liang must be at home, isnt he? 梁先生一定在家，对吗？注：must 表示的是一种相当肯定的与事实非常接近的推测。eg. Mr Wang must