英语综合练习学习宝典.doc

蘇秦高中英文文法講義時 態1. 限定動詞：非限定動詞：2. 子句與片語的差別：3. 時態：用來表示動作的狀態，即作說者以何種角度描述一個動作。 時間： 態貌：現在簡單式1. 現在為真的敘述。1.1 My sister is a graduate student.1.2你現在看起來很累。1.3 我姐夫喜歡有機咖啡。2. 現在的習慣動作。always usually frequently occasionally often sometimes every day / weekend 2.1 I go to bed around eleven oclock every night.2.2 經理一向準時。The manager is always on time. 2.3 心情不好時我常去沙灘。2.4 Mr. Smith從九點到十二點在工作。2.5 他們每個週末開舞會。3. 永遠為真的事實、主張、定理、真理。3.1 Where there is a will, there is a way.3.2 日出於東，而落於西。3.3 大湖區在美加兩國之間。3.4 人生而平等。3.5 水在攝氏一百度時沸騰。3.6 熱空氣向上流。3.7 五加三等於八。4. 未來時間發生的動作既定的、計畫中的、不變的動作。4.1 Do you come tomorrow?4.2 Tina下星期天回家。4.3 後天是星期五。4.4 公車三十分鐘後到站。4.5 Linda明年夏天上大學。5. 副詞子句中，表示未來的時間或條件。5.1 When Jane comes here, I will tell her the news.5.2 If I have a credit card, I will buy the notebook. 5.3 假如明天下雨，我們就不去野餐。5.4 工友來時，告訴他等一會。5.5 我一寫完這封信就關電腦。5.6 課程結束後，在教務處集合。5.7 既然你身體不錯，你將可通過體檢。6. 正式的宣告。6.1 I pronounce you man and wife.6.2 茲命名本船名為”永恆之美”。6.3 本席判你三年徒刑。6.4 恭祝聖誕，並賀新禧。7. 長期的慣性。7.1 The weather in Taipei is different from Kaohsioung.7.2 台灣在春天下雨多。現在進行式 am / is / are Ving持續、未完成、重複1. 現在正在進行的動作、狀態。now right now at the moment at present1.1 John is talking to Mary right now.1.2 在下著雪哪。1.3 我們正在（分期付款）買這間房子。2. 現階段正在進行而說話時不一定在做的動作。2.1 My cousin is growing tomatoes in Tainan. 2.2 我父親目前任教於一所私立中學。2.3 Irene這學期修18個學分。3. 剛剛發生的動作3.1 What are you trying to say?3.2 你剛剛在抱怨什麼？3.3 算了吧！你只是誇大其辭罷了。4. “既定的”、”計畫中”的動作。4.1 My daughter is graduating this summer. 4.2 會議後他們要見我。4.3 下星期二我要前往新加坡。5. 此刻正在進行或發生的持續性動作或狀態。5.1 The plane is landing.5.2 那位小孩快淹死了。5.3 那隻受傷的象快死了。6. 來去動詞即將發生的動作。arrive come go start leave6.1 Kevin is going to the MRT station.6.2 Fred馬上要到高鐵台南站。7. 現在簡單式表經常性的習慣動作，而現在進行式表有時間限制的短暫性動作。7.1 The computer usually shuts down.7.2 The computer is shutting down.7.3 這水槽常常不通。7.4 這水槽現在又不通了。8. 表”狀態的繼續”的動詞通常不用進行式。be, exist, have, own, possess, belong to, cost, include, consist of, see, hear, smell, taste, sound, feel, seem, appear, resemble, know, think, believe, want, understand, remember, agree, imagine, depend on, need, desire, like, love, hate, hope, wish, prefer, recognize, suppose, doubt, equal 8.1 John knows that its his fault. 8.2 這部車子現在屬於我的。8.3 他們正在紐約觀光。8.4 Tom正在機場為他女朋友送行。8.5 Jack正在吃晚餐。9. Look!/ Listen!9.1 你看！許多蜻蜓在空中飛。9.2 你聽！有人在敲門。10. 現在進行式與always, constantly連用目前反覆進行的動作或狀態。10.1 Leo老是忘掉別人的名字。10.2 Amy不斷犯相同的錯誤。 11. Here comes .句型的動詞只能用現在簡單式，不可用現在進行式。11.1 公車來了。現在完成式 have / has p.p.1. 截至目前為止仍為真的狀態。1.1 My uncle has been a professor for over twenty years.1.2 洗手間從今天早上到現在都有人佔用。1.3 這是我上過最有趣的網站之一。2. 截至目前為止，一個動作的完成。just already yet recently latelyof late so farup to nowup to the presentby nowthus far these 一段時間 this week / this month / this year 2.1 I have written my term paper.2.2 今年至今我們的雨量已超過正常的量。2.3 我阿姨已經把衣服洗好了。2.4 我姪子已經到加拿大了。3. 截至目前為止的經驗。never ever once twice three times before 3.1 The old man has told the same story for many times. 3.2 你有沒有看過熊貓？3.3 我外甥女去過紐約。4. 目前為真的動作或狀態很可能延續到未來。4.1 Dr. Chens theory has greatly influenced the field of linguistics. 4.2 我們從五十年前就住在台南縣。4.3 我把手提箱給鎖上了。5. 表示瞬間動作的動詞或”狀態改變”、”位置轉移”的動作不適用於現在完成式。die arrive get come graduate buy sell 5.1 他已經死去兩年了。5.2 Peter已經來台灣五個月了。6. when或what time引導之疑問句也不適用於現在完成式。6.1 When did Tom go abroad?6.2 What time did you get to the station?7. 已經持續一段時間而且截至目前為止仍為真的習慣。7.1 We have been in the track and field team since we attended college. 7.2 Gina 從六歲就練鋼琴。現在完成進行式 have / has been V-ing .一直. 到目前為止尚未完成或還要繼續進行，大都用於持續性的動態動詞。1. 一個動作從過去開始一直持續到說話時才剛結束，不一定會延續到未來，此用法與現在完成式類似。1.1 ( Telephone Conversation ) I have been waiting for you for three hours.1.2 Shelly一直在晒他的背部。2. 一個動作從過去一直延續到說話時還沒結束，且還可以持續到未來。強調持續進行。2.1 I have been looking for a job since I graduated.2.2 Agassi和Sampras這場球一直打了好幾個小時。2.3 電話已經響了快一分鐘，為何沒人去接呢？2.4 從今早起，他一直在看書。2.5 雨下了一整天。現在還在下。2.6 他很累；他整天都在用功讀書。 2.7 我父親一直在考慮要換工作。3. 現在完成式與現在完成進行式的比較：3.1 我一直在打我的期末報告。（我哪裡都沒去。）3.2我期末報告已經打好了。（走，去吃冰淇淋。）3.3 刑警一直在調查這個案子。3.4 刑警調查過這個案子。（已經起訴了。）3.5 那傢伙一直在吸海洛英。3.6 那傢伙吸過海洛英。過去簡單式發生在過去而現在已不復存在，或現在不為真的狀態。1. 過去的動作或狀態。1.1 Columbus discovered America in the 16th century.1.2 我姪子上週末組裝一架模型飛機。（assemble）1.3 我們投票給那位候選人。（vote for）2. 過去的習慣動作。2.1 I stayed up late every weekend when I was in senior high. 2.2 我祖父以前是個老煙槍。3. 兩個過去動作以對等連接詞and連接，表示同時發生。這兩個動詞位置順序不拘。3.1 We drank and danced in the party.We danced and drank in the party.3.2 Harry以前既欽佩又忌妒他的哥哥。4. 兩個過去動作以對等連接詞and連接，表示一前一後。這兩個動詞位置順序會影響語意。4.1 I wrote and revised the draft.4.2 工友把門關好並且上鎖。（janitor）5. 一連串的過去動作以對等連接詞and連接，表示先後順序。5.1 I came; I saw; I conquered.5.2 Judy把盤子洗好，擦乾，然後放在架上。6. 有禮貌地表示說話者目前的心態，和現在簡單式通用。6.1 Did you want to have a cup of coffee with me now?Do you want to have a cup of coffee with me now?6.2 不曉得您是否可以跟我一塊喝杯咖啡。7. 表示與說話者現在的信念或期待相反的敘述現在事實相反的假設。if as if as though wish 7.1 If I were a rich man, I would buy a Porsche. 7.2 現在該是政府照顧窮人的時候了。（government）7.3 Gary看起來像是認識那位檢察官。（prosecutor）7.4 但願我有汽車駕照。過去進行式 was / were V-ing過去時間”持續”、”未完成”、”重複”的動作。 1. 過去某一時間內正在進行的動作。1.1 I was reading your paper last night.1.2 媽媽那時候在用吸塵器吸地板。（vacuum）1.3 當時他在和你講手機，我則在上網。2. 當另外一個過去動作的時間背景。但兩個持續性動作互為時間背景時，二者皆可用過去進行式。持續性動詞：keep, live, stay, wait, work, study, last瞬間性動詞：leave, start, die, go, come2.1 When I was taking a shower, the telephone rang.2.2 Ella滑雪時把足踝扭傷了。（twist） 2.3 當時外頭在下雨，我們則在下象棋。（Chinese chess）3. 過去”既定的”、”計畫中”的動作。3.1 She was graduating the following year. 3.2 他們原先要在期末考後跟我見面。（originally）4. 有禮貌地表示說話者在過去時間的心態。4.1 I was wondering if you could lend me some money.4.2 Bill想邀請我妹妹跟他一起去聽演唱會。5. 兩個動作都用過去簡單式，與一個動作用過去簡單式，另一個動作用過去進行式的比較。5.1 When we arrived, Mrs. Lee baked a cake for us.（我們到了以後，李太太為我們烤了一個蛋糕。）5.2 When we arrived, Mrs. Lee was baking a cake for us.（我們到的時候，李太太正在為我們烤蛋糕。）過去完成式 had p.p.1. 一個過去動作或狀態在另一個過去動作或狀態或是一個過去時間之前已經完成。1.1 Jane had got her M.A. before she went to the United States.1.2 今天早上以前David早就把功課做好了。1.3 前一天晚上我跟警方通過電話。1.4 As soon as Tony left the house, it began to rain.幾乎同時發生。He had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.有先後關係。He had hardly ( scarcely ) left the house when ( before ) it began to rain.No sooner had he left the house than it began to rain.倒裝句型。 as soon asthe moment ( that )the minute ( that )the instant ( that )immediatelydirectly 1.5 我一聽到消息，就打電話給我導師。1.6 I played video games after I ( had ) finished making my bed.Before I played video games, I ( had ) finished making my bed.1.7 調好鬧鐘後，我才去睡覺。2 表示過去曾有過的經驗，常用在報告動詞引導的子句中。2.1 They said they had been to Grand Canyon.2.2 那男孩說他從來沒說過謊。2.3 Ken把錢幾天買的手機弄丟了。3 一個過去動作或狀態從一個更早的過去時間，一直延續到另外一個過去時間還沒結束，而且有可能要持續。3.1 Before they studied in senior high school, George and Mary had been friends. 3.2 早在2005年十月之前，Cindy就已經教了20年地理。3.3 我們到台大唸書之前就已經相愛了。（attend）4 與說話者過去的信念或期待相反的敘述非真條件。if as if as though wish 4.1 He looked sad as though something terrible had happened.4.2 如果我那時有錢，我早就幫你了。4.3 但願我以前就認識妳。過去完成進行式 had been V-ing過去一直.、當時.一直 1. 一個動作從過去開始一直持續到另一個過去動作或時間之前才剛結束，而這動作不一定會延續。1.1 Mom had been preparing dinner when they arrived home.1.2 我們出發去露營之前，已經一直下了三個鐘頭的雨。2. 一個動作從過去開始一直持續到另外一個過去動作或時間之前還沒結束，而且這動作還要延續。2.1 Tina had been baking a cake when the doorbell rang.2.2 他一直在等的那張證書，昨天收到了。（certificate）2.3 在我進教室時，同學們早已在考試了。表示未來時間的動詞形式1. will 原形動詞純粹的未來，較常用於口語。1. We will go on to the end. 1.1 我明天會去機場接我外甥。1.2 今天晚上會下雪。2. 現在進行式狀態或位置改變；”既定的”、”計畫中”的動作。2.1 They are leaving New York for London this Sunday. 2.2 135班機二小時後起飛。2.3 她們今天晚上動身。3. will be V-ing顯示說話者的意志或堅持等情態作用。3.1未來某一時間中正在進行的動作，常伴以一個未來時間或另外一個未來動作。3.1 I will be typing my paper around 8:00 tomorrow. 3.2 你下午到的時候我們會在這裡等著帶你去看展覽。3.3今天晚上八點到九點的時候，媽會正在洗衣服。3.4 “期待中”未來會發生的動作。3.4.1 That boy will be walking on both feet soon. 3.4.2 下星期六我們將去參加研討會。3.4.3 飛機馬上就要起飛了。3.4.4 總統隨時會到。4. be going to原形動詞4.1打算4.1.1 I am going to buy that house.4.1.2 今晚我打算做我的首頁。4.1.3 如果你打算辭職，請在二星期前通知我。4.2 現在的原因所引起的未來動作或狀態。4.2.1 Its going to snow.4.2.2（看這個樣子）他們會打起來。5. 現在簡單式”既定的”、”計畫中”且已經確定而不得改變的動作，常用於表時間或條件的副詞子句中。5.1 The first day of school is September 1.5.2 演講比賽何時開始？5.3 Tell your father the news when he comes back home.5.4 主持人到這裡以後，我就要走。5.5 If you study hard, you will pass the exam easily.6. be about to 原形動詞”即刻之未來”、”馬上”。just shortly soon right away right now6.1 The hearing is about to begin shortly. 6.2 機長在廣播了，我們馬上要起飛。6.3 現在是6:59，晚間新聞馬上開始。7. be to 原形動詞”命令”、”安排好之計畫”或”決定”；用於條件子句。7.1 游泳池計畫在下星期一開放。7.2 明天有一場公聽會。7.3 你們每一個人今晚都給我留在宿舍裡。7.4 這一次比賽我們要贏。7.5 如果他準備在演講比賽中獲勝，他必須勤加練習。 未來完成式 will have p.p.未來某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作或狀態。 1. By next May, Mr. Smith will have lived here for two years.2. 我們再見面時，夏天將已來臨了。3. When you come next time, the road will have been completed.4. 王先生的兒子大學畢業時，他也已經退休了。（retired） 未來完成進行式 will have been V-ing某一動作將持續到未來，而且還會再持續。1. Kevin will have been teaching at school full three years by this June. 2. 明天雨若不停，就將已下一整個星期了。3. 當我回到家之前，媽媽已經睡了三小時了。解答1.2 You look very tired now.1.3 My brother-in-law likes organic coffee. 2.3 I often go to the beach when I am down. 2.4 Mr. Smith works from nine to twelve.2.5 They throw a party every weekend. 3.2 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 3.3 The Great Lakes lie between the US and Canada.3.4All men are created equal. 3.5 Water boils at 100 Centigrade.3.6 Hot air goes up. 3.7 Five plus three is eight. 4.2 Tina comes home next Sunday. 4.3 The day after tomorrow is Friday.4.4 The bus arrives in thirty minutes. 4.5 Linda goes to college next summer.5.3 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic. .5.4 When the janitor comes, tell him to wait for a while. 5.5 Ill turn off the computer as soon as I finish writing this letter. 5.6 After the class is over, gather together at the teaching affairs office. 5.7 Since you have a sound body, you will pass the physical examination. 6.2I name this ship Forever Beauty. 6.3 I sentence you three years in prison. 6.4 I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy New Year.7.2 It rains very much in Taiwan in spring. 1.2 It is snowing now.1.3 We are buying the house. 2.2 My father is teaching in a private high school. 2.3 Irene is taking 18 units this semester.3.2 What are you complaining about？ 3.3 Come on! You are just exaggerating. 4.2 They are meeting me after the conference.4.3 I am leaving for Singapore next Tuesday. 5.2 The kid is drowning. 5.3 The wounded elephant is dying. 6.2 Fred is arriving at Tainan Station of HSR. 7.3 The sink clogs.7.4 The sink is clogging.8.2 This car belongs to me now.8.3 They are seeing the sights of New York. 8.4 Tom is seeing his girlfriend off at the airport. 8.5 Jack is having dinner.9.1 Look! Many dragonflies are flying in the sky. 9.2 Listen! Someone is knocking on the door. 10.1 I am always forgetting peoples names. 10.2 He is constantly making the same mistakes. 11.1 Here comes the bus.1.2 The restroom has been occupied since this morning.1.3 This is one of the most interesting websites Ive ever visited. 2.2 We have had more than the normal amount of rain so far this year. 2.3 My aunt has done her laundry. 2.4 My nephew has gone to Canada. 3.2 Have you ever seen a panda?3.3 My niece has been to New York.4.2 We have lived in Tainan County since fifty years ago.4.3 I have locked the briefcase. 5.1 He has been dead for two years. 5.2 Peter has been in Taiwan for five months. 7.2 Gina has practiced playing the piano since she was six. 1.2 Shelly has been tanning her back. 2.2 Agassi and Sampras have been playing the match for hours. 2.3 The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it? 2.4 He has been reading since this morning. 2.5 It has been raining all day long. It is still raining now.2.6 Hes very tired; he has been working hard all day. 2.7My father has been thinking about changing his job. 3.1 I have been typing my term paper. 3.2 I have typed my term paper. 3.3 The detectives have been investigating the case. 3.4 The detectives have investigated the case. 3.5 The guy has been taking heroin.3.6 The guy has taken heroin.The guy took heroin. 1.2 My nephew assembled a model plane last weekend. 1.3 We voted for that candidate. 2.2 My grandfather used to be a heavy smoker.1.2 Harry admired and envied his brother before.4.2 The janitor closed and locked the door. 5.2 Judy washed, dried and shelved the plates. 6.2 I wondered if you would have a coffee with me now. 7.2 It is high time that the government took care of the poor. 7.3 Gary looks as if he knew that prosecutor.7.4 I wish I had a driving license.1.2 Mom was vacuuming the floor then. 1.3 He was talking to you on the cell phone and I was surfing the Internet.2.2 Ella twisted her ankle while she was skiing. 2.3 While it was raining, we were playing Chinese chess. 3.2 Originally they were meeting me after the final. 4.2 Bill was asking my sister to go to the concert with him.1.2 David had finished his homework by this morning. 1.3 I had talked to the police on the phone the night before.2.2 That boy said he had never lied before. 2. 3 Ken lost his cell phone that he had bought the other day.3.2 By October 2005, Cindy had taught geography for 20 years. 3.3 We had fallen in love with each other by the time we attended NTU.4.2 If I had money then, I would have helped you.4.3 I wish I had known you before.1.2 It had been raining for three hours before we started to go camping. 2.2 Yesterday, he got the certificate he had been waiting for. 2.3 All the classmates had been taking the test when I entered the classroom.1.1 I will meet my nephew in the airport.1.2 It will snow tonight.2.2Flight 135 is taking off in two hours.2.3 They are leaving tonight.3.2 When you come this afternoon, we will be waiting here to show you to the exhibition.3.3 Mom will be doing her laundry tonight between 8:00 to 9:00. 3.4.2 We will be attending the seminar next Saturday.3.4.3 The flight will be taking off very soon.3.4.4 The President will be arriving in any second.4.1.2 I am going to working on my FrontPage tonight.4.1.3 If you are going to quit, please tell me two weeks in advance.4.2.2 There is going to be a fight between them.5.2 What time does the speech contest begin?5.4 I will leave after the host gets here.6.2 The captain is speaking and we are about to take off soon.6.3 Its 6:59 and the evening news is about to begin.7.1 The swimming pool is to be open next Monday.7.2 There is to be a hearing tomorrow.7.3 Each and every one of you is to stay at the dormitory tonight.7.4 We are to win the game this time.7.5 If she is to win the speech contest, she must practice more. 2. Summer will have arrived when we meet again.4. When Mr. Wangs son graduates from college, he will have been retired.2. If rain doesnt stop tomorrow, it will have been raining for a whole week.3. By the time I come home, Mom will have been sleeping for three hours. 時式試題1. She (study) English last year.2. It (rain) very hard the other day.3. Listen! The telephone (ring). 4. He (watch) television once in a while.5. Dont make too much noise. The baby (sleep).6. It often rains here, but the sun (shine) today.7. Look! Here (come) the bus.8. They (have) dinner now.9. The sun (shine) when I got up this morning.10. I (lose) my notebook on my way home.11. An American (teach) him English when he was a child.12. Last night, at seven-thirty, we (play) computer games.13. Helen (cut) her finger while she was cooking dinner.14. If you get there at noon, she (wait) for you at station.15 Helen (go) downtown to buy some new shoes next week.16. We (visit) the museum in a few days. 17. If it (rain) tomorrow morning, well stay at home.18. I dont know if it (rain) tomorrow.19. When he (come) here next Sunday, we will hold a party for him. 20. Tell me when he (come) here next Sunday.21. The train (leave) the station when he got there.22. The man put on his hat and (leave) the room.23. I will get up as soon as the sun (rise).24. I hope that he will (arrive) in time.25. He (eat) his dinner yet.26. He (live) here since five year ago.27. This is the best tea I (ever drink).28. Ten years (pass) since his father died.29. It (be) five month since I left Matou30. She (read) that story many times.31. When we arrived, the game (begin) already.32. He went home after he (finish) the work.33. John (walk) and talking along the busy street.34. Who (clean) the rooms? John and Merry did.35. Who (picnic) in the park? They were.36. He h