现代大学英语3教案.doc

Lesson one Your College Year教学目的：了解作者及相关的背景知识 通过对本文的学习，使学生对大学生活有一个全面、正确地认识，全面了解自己，更好地适应大学生活 掌握语言点教学重点及难点： 重点对文章内容的充分理解与掌握 难点几个专业词汇的理解“developmental changes”、“identity crisis”、“psychological independence”、“internalizing religious faith”教学内容：1.作者及背景简介 2.课文讲解及语言点 3.课堂讨论 4.语法学习：the way sb doesd sth. Ways of expressing the object Determiners 5.练习及作业基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业 2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并对自己的大学生活有一个清晰地认识 3.认真完成课后作业教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。时间分配：8节课一个单元I. Introduction A. About the text This is a text about what students will experience in their “college years”. It is addressed to college students in the United States. But with some modifications, what the author says here will also make perfect sense to our students.College life is both exciting and frustrating experience. It is clear that young adulthood is an extremely important period in our life.Not everyone knows how to handle their sudden independence or freedom. There are also those who take their newly found independence to mean that they can do anything they want.B. About the author Dr. Bob Hartman is a childrens story-teller and part-time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000.II. Warming-up exercises1. What are my goals for the college years?2. Do you find it easy to relate to the opposite sex? Do you agree with the author that stressful as it is, it is nevertheless one of the most important goals we must achieve during school years?III. Detailed study of the text1.（Para. 1）“Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood?”A. Draw the students attention to the difference between Chinese and English in expressing this idea: In Chinese, the subject is usually a personal pronoun, whereas in English, the anticipatory “it” is used.More examples: It never occurred to me that wealth could ruin a persons life. 我从来没想到财富能毁灭一个人的一生。 It suddenly dawned on us that high savings rate may not be a good thing. 我们突然想到高的存款利率未必是件好事。 It gradually began to dawn on the economists that the problem was not overproduction, but under-consumption. 经济学家们逐渐认识到，问题不是生产过剩而是消费过低。 B. developmental changes: This is a psychological term which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout the lifespan.2.（Para. 2）During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoringto go through: to experience; to undergo; to suffer e.g.: The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 I admire the way shes still so cheerful after all shes gone through. 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，仍然这样精神愉快。Other meanings of this phrasal verb: I dont think this plan will go through the Security Council.（be accepted by）我认为这个计划不会在安理会通过。Have you gone through all your money already?（to use up; to finish）你已经把所有的钱花光了吗？Its too late to back out. We just have to go through with it.（to do it because you have promised or planned to do it, even though you are no longer sure you want to do it.）现在打退堂鼓太晚了，我们必须把它完成。Identity crisis: It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is.to endeavor: vi （to-V）（fml or pomp）to try （正式或夸张）尝试，企图 e.g.: Ill endeavor to pay the bill as soon as possible. 我会尽快地设法付清账单。 n. 努力，尽力。 e.g.: They couldnt do it, despite their best endeavor. 他们虽然尽了最大努力，但仍做不成。 The Climbing of the Mount Everest was an outstanding example of human endeavor. 攀登珠穆朗玛峰是人类奋勇进取的突出例证。 She made no/every endeavor to help us. 她（没有）竭力帮助我们。3.（Para 2）It is important to know how people perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. perceive: v not in progressive form to notice or become aware of sth发觉，察觉到，意识到；to understand or think of sth. in a particular way；认为，视为，理解为 e.g. He perceived a subtle change in her manner.perceive + that They perceived they were unwelcome and left.perceive + wh- We were unable to perceive where the problem layperceive + obj. + V-ing I perceived a small trickle of blood coming from the patients ear.perceive sb/ sth as This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough in the field of medicine.perceptible adj that can be perceived, noticeable 可察觉到的, 可看见的 (imperceptible) perception n a. the action of perceiving (or perceptiveness) 感觉,知觉 b. the ability to perceive well; keen natural understanding洞察力,理解力 e.g a man of great perception 一个极有洞察力的人perceptive adj showing an unusual good ability to notice and understand 感觉灵敏的,有洞察力的 e.g. a perceptive woman/ perceptive comments一位洞察力强的女士/颇有见地的评论 4.（Para. 2）identity is determined by genetic endowment （what is inherited from parents）, shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.Meaning: Who we are is determined by three things: First, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities.Chance events: “Chance” here is an adjective, meaning “accidental”. e.g.: This chance meeting with the famous writer changed his whole life. 与这位著名作家的偶然邂逅改变了他的一生。 This medicine is said to be a chance discovery. 据说这种药是偶然间发明的。5.（Para. 3）to be independent fromNotice the different prepositions used after “dependent” and “independent”: to be independent from（or of）but to be dependent on e.g.: Financially they are still dependent on their parents. 他们在经济上仍然依赖他们的父母。 These banks are now completely independent of (from) each other. 现在这些银行不依赖他人而各自独立。6. (Para. 3) It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. “It”here refers to the word “struggle” in the previous sentence. “To heighten” means to become stronger or intensified. The whole sentence therefore means that if they choose to go to college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need of being dependent on the financial support of their parents.7. (Para. 4) What are the four distinct aspects?The four distinct aspects are functional independence, attitudinal independent, emotional independence, and freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”8. (Para. 4) freedom from “excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father.”freedom (free) from sth.: no longer having sth. you do not want e.g. The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger. 我们的人民应有的最重要的自由是远离饥饿。 An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression. 理想的社会是没有剥削和压迫的社会。 Within a month, the whole building is free from flies and mosquitoes. 这栋大楼一个月里没有苍蝇和蚊子。Note: Freedom from sth is different from freedom of sth. Compare: “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expressioneverywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear Anywhere in the world.” Franklin D. Roosevelt.9. (Para. 4) Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.” Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from these.10. (Para. 4) to stand back: to consider about sth by a certain distance 置身于一定距离之外考虑事物 e.g.: You must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of the events.11.(Para.7) He was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. Meaning: He was beginning to realize that his world was becoming smaller and his choices fewer. “Narrow” here is used as a verb. More examples: We must try to narrow the difference in income between the rich and the poor without delay. This mighty river narrowed to a gorge of about 50 meters when it came to this place between the fountains. 12.(Para.7) people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds Meaning : people from many different races Today sociologists often prefer the word “ethnic” to “racial”, and “ethnic group” to “race”. There are differences of course. The Hans and the Tibetans are both Chinese, belonging to the same yellow race, but they belong to two ethnic groups.13.(Para.7) equal to to be equal to: to be just as good as e.g.: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world. 堪称世界一流It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color.“equal” can also be used as verb. to equal: vt (not in progressive forms)不用进行时 (of a size or number) to be the same as (在大小或数量上) 等于，与相等 e.g.: X=Ymeans that X equals Y. X=Y就是指X等于Y。 The years sales figures up until October equals the figures for the whole of last year. 本年度到十月份的销售数字就等于去年全年的销售数字。 (in, as) to reach the same standard as 比得上，敌得过e.g.: None of us can equal her grace as a dancer.论跳舞，我们谁也比不上她的舞姿优美。Their ignorance is only equaled by their stupidity.只有他们的愚蠢才可能与他们的无知不相上下。14.(Para.7) These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. Meaning: These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.15.(Para. 9) seeing the people from other countries in a different light. to see sth/sb in a certain light: to see sth/sb in a certain way e.g.: What he did made us see him in a new light. 他的所作所为让我们对他有了新的看法。 After I took that course, I began to see the world in different light.学了那门课程之后，我开始用一种新的眼光看世界。 Note: “light” is a formal word, which refers to the way in which sth or sb appears or is regarded e.g.: The workers and the employees see the situation in a quite different light. 工人与雇主对形势的看法大相径庭。16.(Para.10) it is an experience that contributes to young adults growth and maturity. to contribute to: to help to cause sth to happen e.g.: These measures contributed greatly to the economic recovery of that country. 这些措施对那个国家的经济复苏起了很大作用。 What do you think are the main factors that contributed to the success of that company? 你认为那个工厂成功的主要因素是什么？17. (Para.10)they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information .They are also finding or learning new ways of arranging, organizing, analyzing or understanding information. It implies that mere information is not scientific truth. Scientific truth requires the processing of information in college, students will learn new approaches, methods, and theories which will change many of their prejudices.IV. Discussion1. Do you agree with the author that young adults like college students are bound to go through an identity crisis? Have you had any identity crisis yourself or do you know anybody who has?2. Do developmental changes and identity crisis only occur to adolescents? How about younger children and elderly people? Can you elaborate?V. After-class homework1. Recite paragraphs 1, 9, and10.2. Memorize the new words.3. Finish all the exercises in the text book.Lesson Two Discovery of a Father教学目的：了解作者及其在文学史上的重要地位 掌握本文的语言点及一些有用的表达法 理解儿子的心里转变过程，即儿子是怎样由不解父亲到理解父亲的 通过对本课的学习使学生认识到交流的重要性，只有通过交流，才能弥补代沟造成的隔阂；只有这样才能加深与父母的亲情。教学重点与难点： 理解游泳对小男孩人生的重大影响，真正领悟那个情景中的象征意义及文中的深层含义教学内容：1.作者简介 2.课文讲解及语言点 3.课堂讨论及内容复述 4.语法学习 grammatical functions of the participles(present & past) ; past tense; verb forms 5.练习及作业基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业 2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并使学生认识到交流在弥合代沟中的重要作用。 3.认真完成课后作业教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。时间分配：8节课一个单元I.IntroductionA.About the authorSherwood Anderson (18761941)Sherwood Andersons life was in a way archetypal of literary lives in modern America. He was born into a poor family in Camden, Ohio, the U.S. in 1876, but spent his formative years in the town of Clyde, Ohio, which inspired the setting of many of his stories. He worked as a laborer in 18961898, then served in the Spanish American War. He was the author of many stories and novels, and he was a major influence on a younger generation of important writers, including Faulkner, Hemingway, Wolfe, Steinbeck, and others, both through his writings and his acts of personal kindness. It was through his influence, for example, that the first books of both Faulkner and Hemingway were published.B.Organization of the Text The passage can be divided into two parts:The first part describes what the father looked like in the boys eyes: a stupid windbag, and even a clown. The second part describes the elimination of the generation gap between father and son on a wet night, thus the boy indeed discovered his father.II.Warming-up exercises1. 1. Do you agree that fathers often want their children to be what they themselves cannot be? What does the author mean when he says that it also works the other way?2. 2. What kind of a father did the author wish to have as a child? Did his father meet his requirements? How did he feel about his father at first? What qualities did his father have that made the author particularly unhappy? Give examples.3. How did the author as a child describe his father? Why did he think of him as foolish and ridiculous a windbag and a good-for-nothing? Was his father really showing off all the time? Why was he so popular among the villagers including the local celebrities? Why did the authors mother have no complaint about him?III. Detailed Study of the text 1. (Para.1) You hear it said that father want their sons to be what they feel they cannot themselves to be,but I tell you it also works the other way. The first part of the sentence normally means that fathers often want their sons to realize their unfulfilled dreams. Here however, it means that in a general way fathers want their sons to live up to their expectation. “But,” the author says, “.it also works the other way.” “ It is also true the other way around. Children have the same demand on their fathers” to work: to function, operate This sentence is rather complex in structure, involving the use of a “that” clause represented by the anticipatory “it” as part of the complex object of “hear. Within the “that” clause, there is another complex object of the verb “went”, and part of this the infinitive phrase “to be”, which contains another noun clause introduced by what”. Have the students analyze this sentence grammatically. 2.（Para.1）a flow of pride A continuous stream, movement, or supply of something. e.g During the tourist season, the flow of traffic usually doubles. 在旅游季节，交通流量通常成倍增长。 Thanks to a steady flow of foreign capital they are able to expand their economy rapidly. 由于外资的稳定流入，他们才能够快速发展经济。They know they are going to face a terrible flow of refugees if nothing is done to prevent this humanitarian disaster. 他们知道，如果不采取措施阻止这场人道主义灾难的发生，他们就会面临一场可怕的难民潮。 3. (Para.2) .he was always showing off. Refresh the students memory of the use of continuous tenses to express strong approvalor disapproval. e.g He is always making fun of other people. I dont like that. 他总喜欢取笑别人。我不喜欢这样。 He is embarrassing. He is always saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. 他这会儿感到局促不安。他总是在不恰当的时候说些不该说的话。 She is a wonderful person. She is always helping others. 她是个非常好的人。她总喜欢帮助别人。 4. (Para.2) I didnt see how mother could stand it. Paraphrase: I didnt understand how mother could put up with this. to stand: usually in questions and negatives,一般用于疑问句和否定句； not in progressive forms 不用于进行时 to accept successfully or without undesirable results; bear 经的起； 承受；忍受；忍耐 e.g.: This work will hardly stand close examination. 这件作品经不起仔细的检查。 I think the Prime Ministers decision will stand the text of time. 我认为首相的决定将经的起时间的考验。 He wants to marry me, but I cant stand the sight of him. 他想娶我，但我一看见他就讨厌。 +V-ing I cant stand seeing children smoking. 我一看见孩子们吸烟就讨厌。 +obj+v-ing I never could stand people tolling me