专题一 形容词.doc

专题一 形容词考点分析：1. 易混淆的形容词词义辨析；2. 形容词的原级、比较级和最高级；3. 倍数的表达法4. 多个形容词做定语时的排序 一、形容词的用法：（一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 （二）形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3.-ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：intresting 4. ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如： She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语(单个形容词修饰名词或代词，直接放在名词或代词前面）： What a fine day! He is a good student. 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？ 4）状语： He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。 1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen，而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循? 如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词， 就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 Opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容 词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等； sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等； a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等； c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black, orange等； o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等； m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列， 如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连 用的情况。 一般规则为： （限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词）。如： There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。【重点】2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？二、形容词的比较等级：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如： useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest old older oldest（二） 形容词比较级的用法 1形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和than连用，表示两者相比 He is older than me . 他年龄比我大。 Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语1形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语： Hes feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。2也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？3比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。【难点】（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法1和more有关的词组 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。2) no more than 与一样。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than超过，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有关的词组 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。 3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 3还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1) not so/asas。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/；as + manymuch +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。（五） 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 说明 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法 1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【基础练习】一写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1. long _ _ 2. short _ _ 3. big _ _ 4. early _ _ 5. nice _ _ 6. fat _ _ 7. strong _ _ 8. clean _ _ 9. busy _ _ 10. thin _ _ 11. tall _ _ 12. late _ _ 13. hot _ _ 14. happy _ _ 15. delicious _ _ 16. beautiful _ _ 17. interesting _ _ 18. important _ _ 19. popular _ _ 20. expensive _ _ 21. careful _ _ 22. good _ _ 23. many _ _ 24. old _ _ 25. bad _ _ 二用下列词的适当形式填空1. She is _ (tall) than me. 2. This ball is _ (big) than that one. 3. Im _ (thin) than you4. This girl is _ _ (beautiful) than that one. 5. Cookies are _ _ (delicious) than bread. 6. The pig is _ (fat) than the dog. 7. The pen is _ _ (expensive) than the pencil. 8. The boy is _ (old) than the girl. 9. This building is _ (high) than that one. 10. The boy is _ (short) than me. 1. Elva is the _ (tall) in the classroom. 2. She is _ _ (short) girl in the school. 3. This one is _ _ (good) one. 4. This girl is _ _ _ (beautiful) one in the school. 5. Those cookies are _ _ _ (delicious) food in the world. 6. Which is _ _ (hot) season, spring, summer or fall? 7. Cindy is _ _ (strong) girl of us. 8. She is _ _ (good) teacher in the world. 9. They are _ _ (short) among us. 10. Lily is _ _ (thin) girl in the classroom. 三、选择题。( ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich考点练习第一部分：词义辨析（形近词词义辨析，近义词词义辨析，语境词词义辨析）1.-Look! How_the boy are! -Yes.They won the game this afternoon. A. exciting B. excitement C.excite D.excited 2. If you want to speak English well, its_for you to practice as often as possible. A. necessary B. different C. wrong D. possible3.-What do you think of the TV sitcom home with kids? -Its very_. Mary children like watching it. A. boring B. funny C. surprising D. terrible 4. The air in the countryside is _. So many people from the city go there on weekends. A. soft B. pretty C.fresh D. delicious 5.-May I have another cake? -Youd better not. You shouldnt go swimming on a _stomach. A. hot B. hungry C.fat D. full 6.My sister is a_girl. She always makes mistakes whatever she does. A.careful B. patient C. serious D.careless 7. In some foreign counties, such as Canada, children usually leave their parents when they grow up. It makes the old feel_. A.alone B. lonely C. frightened D. enjoyable 8.-What do you think of the lecture of li yangs crazy English? -I think its _, but someone thinks its much too_. A. wonderful enough, bored B. enough wonderful, boring C. wonderful enough, boring D. enough wonderful, bored 9. Chinese people were cheering at the most _moment when Liu Xiang broke the world record. A. excited B. to excite C. excite D. exciting 10. Our teacher wasnt _yesterday. A.please B. pleased C. pleasing D. pleasure 11. harry potter is an _book for children , but my couin doesnt seem _in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested C. interesting, interested D. interested, interesting. 第二部分：形容词的原级、比较级和最高级1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D.as heavy as 2. When we speak to people, we should be . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly 3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 4. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important 5. This pencil is_ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long 7. My mother is no _ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few 8. These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller 9. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A.more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse 11. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap 12. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much 13. When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter 14. By and by, _ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least 15. At last he began to cry _. A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder 16. When spring comes the days get _ and nights _. A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer 17. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 18. _ you come back, _ it will be. A.The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better 19 . I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older 20. Which is_country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest 21. Of the two cups, he bought_. . A. the smaller B. the smallest C