简单句.doc

简单句1 陈述句主语+谓语+其他Eg. That boy often helps others. I went to the cinema yesterday.否定式。1. be 的否定式（1） be 作系动词 ： 主语+be+not +表语+其他 Eg. She is not a teacher. It is not a box, it is a bag.(2) be 作助动词，用于be doing be going to do be done等，主语+be+not+doingdone+其他 Eg. Jim isnt playing football.He isnt allowed to go out at night.2. 助动词，情态动词的否定Man cant live without water.3. 除Not外的其他否定词（1） no=not anya eg. He has no sisters.= He doesnt has any sisters.（2） Never 绝不，从来不 eg. I have never been to Beijing.（3） Little. Few. 几乎没有 eg. There are few students in the classroom.（4） No one nobody 没有人 eg. No one Nobody is interested in the book.（5） Nothing 什么也没有 eg. There is nothing in the bag.（6） Neither of (两者都不） eg. Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.（7） None of (三者及三者以上都不） eg. None of us can carry the box.（8） Seldom很少 hardly 几乎不 Eg. I seldom go to hospital. I can hardly say a word. (9) too.to 太.而不能 eg. He is too late to catch the bus.2 感叹句。1. What 引导的感叹句（1） What +aan +形容词+可数名词的单数+主语+谓语！ Eg. What a beautiful girl she is! (2) What + 形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！ Eg. What important jobs they have done! (3) What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语 Eg. What sweet water it is. 2. How 引导。（1） How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ Eg. How interesting the book is！ （2）How+形容词+aan+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ Eg. How useful a subject the are learning! (3) How+主语+谓语！ Eg. How time flies!3. 特殊的1. 陈述句，祈使句，疑问句句尾加“！”，表示某种强烈的感情。Eg. He runs so fast! 他跑得真快呀！ Do read it carefully! 仔细阅读！2. 用一个词或词组表达感情。Eg. Wonderful! Look out! Great! 3. 以 there、here 等副词开头的。 Eg. There she is! There goes the bell!3 祈使句。祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或问号。1. 肯定型祈使句。（1） 动词原形开头，主语省略。 Eg. Come in! Be quiet! (2) 有时为强调语气，可以再动词前加“do”。表示 务必，一定。 Eg. Do come on time! Do look out!2. 否定型 （1）Dont + 动词原形Eg. Dont be late. (2) Lets + not + 动词原形 Eg. Lets not speak loudly.3. 需要注意的情况（1） 为了表达委婉语气，可加上please. Please sit down. Please come in.（2） 意思明显的情况下，可省去谓语动词。 Eg. This way. Please.（3） 可加称呼，但要与句子隔开。 Eg. Turn off the light, Jim.（4） 某些名词、形容词、副词后面加感叹号，也可以作为祈使句。Eg. Hands up! Hands down! Taxi! 出租车！4 疑问句。1. 一般疑问句（1） Be+主语+其他？ Is he a student?（2） 助动词情态动词+主语+谓语（原形）+其他？Eg. Do you like reading? Can you finish it ? 肯定回答： Yes,主语+be助动词情态动词。 否定回答： No, 主语+be助动词情态动词+not. Not要与前面的词语 缩写。 Eg. -Are you a doctor? -Yes,I am. No,Im not.(3) 否定的一般疑问句。 -Dont you hear of that? 你没有听过那件事吗？ -Yes，I do. 不，我听说过。 -No, I dont. 是的，我没听说过。2. 特殊疑问句。(1) 疑问代词：What Who Which Whose Whom Eg. -Who is your teacher? - Miss Gao is my teacher.(2) 疑问副词： When Where Why How -When did you come here? -In 2oo5.(3) 疑问词组： how soon(多久） how long（多长时间） how far（多远） how often（多久一次) Eg. -How soon will the class begin? -In 20 minutes. -How often do you have a party? - Once a month.(4) 特殊疑问句 有劝告、建议、责备之意Eg. Why dont you go to the zoo? = Why not go to the zoo? 为什么不去动物园呢？3. 选择疑问句。（1） 一般选择疑问句： 一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？ Eg. -Do you like apples or bananas? -I like apples. (2)特殊选择疑问句： 特殊疑问句+A or B ? Eg. -Which would you like better, tea or coffee? -I like tea.4. 反意疑问句。（1） 陈述部分含有 never, few, little, nothing, nobody,no, hardly,none,too.to等有否定意思得词，反意疑问句用肯定形式。Eg. There are few people in the room, are there? (2) 陈述部分是there be 结构，反意用“be there (3)陈述部分的主语为something, anything, everything等不定代词时，反意的主语为：itEg. Something is wrong with my computer, isnt it?(4) 陈述部分为指人的不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody时，反意主语可用he或they,不能用it.Eg. Somebody wants to see you, doesnt hedont they?(5) 陈述句主语为this,that时，反意主语为it. 陈述句主语为these,those时，反意主语用 they.Eg. This is a beautiful picture, isnt it?Those arent apple trees , are they?(6) 陈述部分动词为havehas时，几种情况。1. Have在一般现在时中，表示“有”的意思，反意用have或者do Eg. Tom has a new book, hasnt he doesnt he?2. Have to ，反意用 do Eg. Kate has to help her mother at home, doesnt she?3. Have表示“吃，喝，玩，度过”意思时，反意用doEg. They had a good time, didnt they?4. had better,反意用hadEg. Wed better stop talking, hadnt we?5. have在完成时中，反意用haveEg. Lucy has ever been to Beijing, hasnt she?6. 陈述句中有need,如果need做行为动词，反意用do; Need做情态动词，反意用needEg. We need to arrive at Beijing at 7:00, dont we? We neednt leave at once, need we?7. 陈述部分有情态动词must时1)must：必须 ，反意用neednt Eg. They must come on time, neednt they?2) must: 一定，想必，表示推测，反意动词根据must后面的动词而定 Eg. That man must be MR.Wang, isnt he?8. 陈述部分为I am 的形式，反意用arent I eg. I am right,arent you ?9. 肯定祈使句，用will you或wont you ; 否定的祈使句用will you.Eg . Listen to me carefully,will you wont you ?Dont play with fire, will you ?10. 以lets开头的祈使句，反意用shall we? 以let us开头的，反意用will you.Eg. Lets go to school, shall we? Let us help you, wi