一次征服虚拟语气语法.doc

虚拟语气虚拟语气 一 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 二 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大 的情况 故采用虚拟语气 1 真实条件句 主将从现 If he comes he will bring his violin 2 非真实条件句 条件从句 if 的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反一般过去式 be were would could might should V 原形 与过去事实相反过去完成式 had donewould could might should have done 与将来事实相反 一般过去式 should V 原形 were to do would could might should V 原形 a If they were here they would help you If she had time she would go with you b If she had worked harder she would have succeeded C If you succeeded everything would be all right If you should succeed everything would be all right If you were to succeed everything would be all right 三 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主 从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做混 合条件句 If you had asked him yesterday you would know what to do now 从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 If it had rained last night 过去 it would be very cold today 现在 四 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were should 或 had 可将 if 省略 再把 were should 或 had 移到从句 句首 实行倒装 1 Were they here now they could help us If they were here now they could help us 2 Had you come earlier you would have met him If you had come earlier you would have met him 3 Should it rain the crops would be saved Were it to rain the crops would be saved 五 特殊的虚拟语气词 should 1 1 1 在 在 在主 主 主语 语 语从 从 从句 句 句中 中 中的 的 的应 应 应用 用用 It is insisted ordered command suggested advised proposed required demanded requested asked that should do It is suggested that we should hold a meeting next week It is important necessary natural strange that should do It is necessary that he should come to our meeting tomorrow It is a pity a shame no wonder that should do It is a great pity that he should be so selfish 真遗憾 他竟然那么自私 2 2 2 在 在 在宾 宾 宾语 语 语从 从 从句 句 句中 中 中的 的 的应 应 应用 用用 在表示命令 建议 要求等一类动词后面的从句中 一个坚持 insist 两个命令 order command 三个建议 suggest advise propose 四个要求 demand require ask desire The examination instructor asked that the students should not use a calculator 考官要求学生不要使用计算器 The workers demanded that their wages should be raised by 10 percent 工人们要求增加百分之十的工资 They requested that he should sing a song 他们要求他唱一首歌 注意 动词 suggest 和 insist 后面的宾语从句 应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气 1 suggest 作 建议 解时 用虚拟语气 作 使想起 暗示 解时 用陈述语气 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision 他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定 He suggested that I should stick to my decision 他建议我坚持自己的决定 2 insist 作 坚决要求 坚持要某人做某事时 解时 用虚拟语气 作 坚持认为 解时 用陈述语气 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to their health 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益 强调 He insists that he should do morning exercises every day 他坚持每天都要做早操 要求 3 3 3 在 在 在表 表 表语 语 语从 从 从句 句 句 同 同 同位 位 位语 语 语从 从 从句 句 句中 中 中的 的 的应 应 应用 用用 在 suggestion proposal idea plan order advice 等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 My idea is that we should get more people to attend the conference I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week 六 虚拟语气特殊句型 1 wish 的宾语从句 2 If only 要是 就好了 意思等同 wish 3 as if though Clause 4 Would rather that 5 It s about high time that 用过去式或用 should 加动词原形 但 should 不可省略 It is time that the children went to bed It is high time that the children should go to bed 6 without 和 but for 构成虚拟 but for 要不是 Without sunlight people s life would be different from today But for your help I wouldn t have finished the work 现在 过去时 were I wish I were a bird I wish I knew the answer 过去 过去完成时 I wish she had taken my advice 未来 would could might V I wish you would stay an hour longer 现在 未来 过去时 I would rather she set out to do the work now I would rather she paid me the money tomorrow 过去 过去完成时 I would rather you hadn t told him the news that day 现在 过去时 were She loves the students as if though they were her own children 过去 过去完成时 It seems as if he had met her before 未来 would could might V It looks as if he would not marry her If only we knew where to look for him 如果我们知道上哪里找找他就好了 If only the alarm clock had rung 当时闹钟响了 就好了 If only it would stop raining this afternoon 但愿下午雨能停 十 带有 even if even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中 主句和从句都用虚拟语气 动词形式与 含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同 如 Even if he had been ill he would have gone to his office 即使生了病 他都去办公室 Even if he were here he could not solve the problem at once too 即使他在这里 他也不能立即解决这个问题 事实上他没有在这里 Even though she had been very busy she would have helped us 即使当时她很忙 她还是会帮助我们的 事实上她当时并不十分忙 故帮助了我们 十一 情态动词 have done 一 表示虚拟 1 could have done 表示过去没有实现的可能性 意为 本来可以 可能 如 You could have done better but you didn t try your best 2 should ought to have done 表示 本该做某事而没做 You failed again You should have done it much better shouldn t ought not to have done 表示 本不该做的事情却做了 You should not climbed that hill You might have killed yourself 3 would rather have done 意为 当时宁愿做了某事 would rather not have done 表示 当时宁愿没做了某事 两者都有 后悔 之意 如 a I raised objections at the meeting but now I would rather not have done that b I would rather have refused his offer 4 had better have done 用于事后的建议 含有轻微责备的口吻 意为 当时最好做了某事 其否定形式 had better not have done 表示相反的含义 如 a You d better have started earlier b You d better not have scolded her 二 过去情况的推测 1 must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测 意为 想必 准是 一定 如 It must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy 3may might have done 一般只用于肯定句或否定句 不用于疑问句 表示对过去情况不肯定的推测 意为 也许已经 a It s too late I think he may have gone to bed b They might not have considered me as their friend 虚拟语气强化训练 1 Were it not for the snowy weather we all right A would be B would have been C were D may be 2 more careful his ship would not have sunk A If the captain were B Had the captain been C Should the captain be D If the captain would have been 3 If he me tomorrow I would let him know A should call B should not have been able C were not able D are not able 4 If you asked your father you permission A may get B might get C should have called D maybe get 5 today he would get there by Friday A Would he leave B Was he leaving C Were he to leave D If he leaves 6 I you I would go with him to the party A Was B Had been C Will be D Were 7 Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he our chairman now A must have been B would have been C were D would be 8 the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A In spite of B But for C Because of D As for 9 Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I your advice A follow B would follow C had followed D have followed 10 If the horse won today it thirty races in five years A would have won B won C must have won D did have won 11 There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened a sudden loud noise A being there B should there be C there was D there having been 12 If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed we d there by now A be B circles C is circling D be circling 13 I wish I with her A would be B am C was D were 14 The picture exhibition bored me to death I wish I to it A had not gone B have not gone C did not go D can not have gone 15 George would certainly have attended the meeting A if he didn t get a flat tire B if the flat tire hadn t happened C had he not had a flat tire D had the tire not flattened itself 16 The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP A write a composition on their B to write composition about the C wrote some compositions of his or her D had written any compositions for his 17 He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese A were B had been C is D has been 18 Looking round the town he felt as though he away for ages A has been B was C is D had been 19 Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation A do B don t C didn t D didn t do 20 It is important that the TOEFL office your registration A will confirm B confirm C confirms D must confirm 21 Without electronic computers much of today s advanced technology A will not have been achieved B have not been achieved C would not have been achieved D had not been achieved 22 He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese A were B had been C is D has been 23 It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals A takes B took C has taken D taking 24 Some people are too particular about school records insisting that every applicant all diplomas from elementary school to university A has B will have C should have D must have 25 He was very busy yesterday otherwise he to the meeting A would come B came C would have come D had come 26 If I had seen the movie I you all about it now A would tell B will tell C have told D would have told 27 I had hoped that John a year in Africa but he stayed there only for three months A spends B spent C would spend D will spend 28 It s high time they this road A mend B mended C must have mended D will mend 29 It s about time people notice of what women did during the war A take B took C have taken D will take 30 He s working hard for fear that he A should fall behind B fell behind C may fall behind D would fall behind 31 In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home A worked B would work C work D were working 32 For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one it requires th