专升本英语考试试题及答案1 (2).doc

English Examination Paper Part I Reading Comprehension Passage One Antarctica has actually become a kind of space stationa unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment.S1 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant early warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheeta concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island. While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious“dry valley”of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descend 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roar down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders(大圆石)sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100 mile an hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation. Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe that they may carry a message of hope for the verdant(草木繁茂的)parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1.Antarctica is scientifically important in that _.A) it is a space stationB) it is an ideal place for the investigation of glaciologyC) there is the mysterious dry valleyD) it can help people detect global environmental changes2.The reason for the disappearance of glaciers in the dry valley is _.A) that theyve descended to the Ross seaB) that theyve been blasted out by vicious windsC) the global warming trend ever since the ice ageD) that theyve been changed into gorges, sand dunes and boulders3.When the author calls Antarctica “distant early warning sensor”, he actually means that _.A) such equipment has been set up for scientific purposeB) the research groups there are like such kind of sensorsC) potential global changes can be seen on Antarctica firstD) Antarctica is remote from other parts of the earth4.Which of the following statements is true according to the article?A) There is a cluster of island west of the Transantartic Mountain.B) Scientific research on Antarctica only centers on the ice and snow there.C) Dry valleys may be a place to dispose of our pollutants.D) All the countries on earth should be concerned about the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.5.The word “spotted”(2nd paragraph)can best be replaced by_.A) placedB) noticed C) fixedD) judgedPassage Two The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education for their students.” The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.” Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure(终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”6.When a college tries to be “all things to all people”(lines 2, Para. ), it aims to _.A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneouslyB) focus on training students in various skillsC) encourage all sorts of people to attend collegeD) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends7.The word “core”(lines 15, 1st paragraph) might mean_.A) aim B) unitC) centerD) course8.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _.A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB) students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC) skills are being taught as a means to an endD) students are not interested in learning9.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four year degree candidates because _.A) most of them lack high-quality facultiesB) students are becoming more and more lazyC) there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching10.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _.A) high-quality facultiesB) a commitment to students and effective teachingC) the cultivation of students interest in learningD) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledgePassage Three The U.S. birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950s, resulting in a smaller college age population starting in the middle 1970s.S4 Something else happened in the 1970s: the price of oil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost everything and making Americans aware that their large automobiles used a lot of gasoline. At the same time, foreign car manufacturers had begun to produce small fuel efficient cars in large quantities for the export market. Suddenly, the large, gas guzzling American cars were no longer attractive to American buyers, who began buying foreign cars by the thousands. The American automobile industry went into a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were thousands of people in industries indirectly connected with the auto industry. People who are laid off tend to keep what money they have for necessities, like food and housing. They do not have the extra money needed to send their children to college. Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because during a recession they cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be used for social serviceunemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for examplethan during more prosperous times. It also means, that the states have fewer funds than usual, because people are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education depend on two major sources of income to keep them functioning: tuition from students and funds from the states. At the present time, there are fewer students than in the past and fewer state funds available for higher education. The colleges and universities are in trouble.11.What is the main idea of this passage?A) The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.B) There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970s.C) Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950s.D) High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.12.The phrase “laid off” can best be replaced by which of the following?A) Poor .B) Got rid of.C) Removed. D) Unemployed.13.American cars were not popular in their domestic markets because they were_.A) smallB) gas-consumingC) fuel efficientD) not attractive14.The colleges and universities were in trouble because of the following reasons except that _.A) they couldnt get enough income to keep them runningB) young people couldnt afford the tuition feesC) keeping them running at the same level would cost much moreD) social services need more state funds because of the recession15.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _.A) young people couldnt afford their own tuition in the 1970sB) its difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970sC) fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in 1970sD) Birthrate dropped in the 1970s because of the recessionPassage Four Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full-scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.16.The main purpose of the passage is _.A) to show us a future way of recycling wastesB) to tell the importance of recycling wastesC) to warn people the danger of some wastesD) to introduce a new recycling plant17.How many stages are there in the recycling process?A) 3.B) 4.C) 5.D) 6.18.What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A) To deal with wastes in a better way.B) Its a good way to gain profits.C) Its more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D) Energy can be got at a lower price.19.The first fullscale huge recycling plants _.A) have been in existence for 15 yearsB) takes 15 years to buildC) cant be built until 15 years laterD) will remain functioning for 15 years20.Which of the following statements is true?A) The word “rubbish” will soon disappear from dictionaries.B) Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C) To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D) Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Part II Vocabulary and Structure 21.You _ her in office last Friday; Shes been out of town for two weeks.A) neednt have seen B) might have seenC) must have seenD) cant have seen22.This candidate has far more chances of winning the election than _ recommended by the organizer.A) thatB) the one C) whomD) one23._ difficult it is to surmount the obstacles, were bound to achieve our goal.A) AsB) HowC) SoD) However24.Many a time _ not to play with fire but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.A) the child being toldB) the child has been toldC) has been told the child D) has the child been told25.He _ writing the paper now. He hadnt written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.A) shouldnt beB) cant have finishedC) cant beD) mustnt have finished26.Isnt it lovely to think that I _ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.A) will enjoyB) am enjoyingC) will be enjoyingD) shall enjoy27.Dont you know its the first time he _ this kind of meeting?A) attendsB) attendedC) has attendedD) is attending28.If you _ my advice, you _ your failure now. You _ your victory.A) took . wouldnt cry over . would celebrateB) had taken . wouldnt have cried over . would have celebratedC) had taken . arent crying over . are celebratingD) had taken . wouldnt be crying over . would be celebrating29.I would rather _ out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A) to go B) goingC) went D) go30.I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _. I told you not to eat at a restaurant. Youd better _ at home.A) to throw up . to eatB) throwing up . eatingC) to throw up . eatD) throwing up . eat31.He always dreams of _ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.A) there being B) there to beC) there is D) being32.You should keep an eye _ the slightest changes in the patient while the doctor is away.A) for B) on C) to D) about33._ is still a controversial issue.A) If he is the right person for the jobB) That he is the right person for the jobC) Whether he is the right person for the jobD) He is the right person for the job34.He has won the first place, _ is clear from the expressions on his face.A) that B) asC) what D) when35.His response was _ that he didnt say yes and he didnt say no.A) so B) whatC) what D) such36.Its time for us to _ the traditional Chinese architecture.A) preserve B) reserveC) conserve D) deserve37.Im afraid taking a part time job might _ my time for study.A) cut off B) cut intoC) cut down D) cut away38.The innocent young man was _ of robbing the bank.A) sentenced B) chargedC) accused D) punished39.People should behave _ on such a solemn occasion.A) respectedly B) respectfullyC) respectingly D) respectively40.After second thought, she _ a better solution.A) came up with B) added up toC) put up with D) made up for41.I didnt _ to tell him the truth. He forced me into doing that.A) expect B) suppose C) hope D) mean42.If this kind of animal becomes _, our future generation wont even have a chance to see it.A) little B) scarceC) rare D) short43.Little kids are OK most of the time. But sometimes can become a real _.A) difficulty B) nuisanceC) worry D) anxiety44.Early settlers in this land found great difficulty in _ to the harsh living conditions.A) adopting B) fittingC) settling D) adapting45.Cultural exchanges between the two countries help to _ understanding and friendship between the two peoples.A) increase B) raiseC) promote D) quicken46.His downfall is _ to other factors than this.A) contributable B) attributableC) deducible D) responsible47.I think you should go to see a doctor, who may _ to you proper medicine so that you can recover faster.A) prescribe B) subscribeC) submit D) prohibit48.It pains us to see that our environment is _.A) degeneratingB) deterioratingC) decliningD) depressing49.The age of the students in this class _ from eighteen to twenty.A) changes B) altersC) ranges D) limits50.After finishing the paper, he _ himself to have a good rest.A) extended B) stretchedC) spread D) reachedPart III Translation S1.(Para. 1, Passage 1)Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.S2.(Para. 1, Passage 2)Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to degree.S3.(Para. 2, Passage 2)Addit