生理学本科英文单词.doc

一、绪论细胞英文单词要求：生理学 physiology内环境 internal environment稳态 homeostasis负反馈 negative feedback正反馈 positive feedback单纯扩散 simple diffusion经通道易化扩散 facilitated diffusion via ion channel经载体易化扩散 facilitated diffusion via carrier原发性主动转运 primary active transport继发性主动转运 secondary active transport出胞 exocytosis入胞 endocytosis静息电位 resting postential超极化 hyperpolarization极化 polarization去极化 depolarization超射 overshoot复极化 repolarization锋电位 spike potential阈值 threshold跳跃式传导 salutatory conduction阈电位 threshold potential局部电位 local potential 空间总和 spatial summation 时间总和 temporal summation兴奋 excitation兴奋性 excitability兴奋收缩耦联 excitationcontraction coupling绝对不应期 absolute refractory period相对不应期 relative refractory period超常期 supranormal period低常期 subnormal period终板电位 endplate potential钙触发钙释放 calcium induced Ca2+ release，CICR收缩效能 performance of contraction等长收缩 isometric contraction等张收缩 isotonic contraction前负荷 preload初长度 initial length最适初长度 optimal initial length后负荷 afterload肌肉收缩能力 contractility强直收缩 tetanus二、血液循环英文词汇要求：cardiac cycle心动周期period of isovolumic contraction 等容收缩期end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积ejection fraction 射血分数cardiac output 心输出量cardiac index 心指数stroke work 每搏功heterometric regulation异长调节ventricular compliance 心室顺应性homometric regulation 等长调节cardiac reserve心力储备autorhythmicity 自动节律性inward rectifier K+ channel 内向整流钾通道transient outward current 一过性外向电流plateau 平台期delayed rectifier K+ current 延迟整流钾流myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力maximal repolarization potential 最大复极电位pacemaker current 起搏电流latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点conductivity 传导性preferential pathway 优势传导通路atrioventricular delay 房-室延搁electrocardiogram 心电图mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压central venous pressure 中心静脉压transmural pressure 跨壁压microcirculation 微循环effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用positive inotropic action 正性变力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感缩血管紧张cardiovascular center 心血管中枢baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射buffer nerve 缓冲神经chemoreceptor 化学感受器renin-angiotensin system肾素-血管紧张素系统epinephrine, adrenaline肾上腺素interstitial fluid 组织液coronary circulation 冠脉循环compensatory pause代偿间歇premature systole (extrasystole)期前收缩arterial pulse动脉脉搏overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑hemodynamics 血流动力学 arteriovenous shunt 短路血管（动-静脉短路）bradykinin缓激肽三、呼吸英文词汇要求：respiration呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通气inspiration吸气expiration呼气eupnea平静呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难abdominal breathing腹式呼吸thoracic breathing胸式呼吸pneumothorax气胸specific compliance 比顺应性intrapleural pressure胸膜腔内压elastic resistance弹性阻力surfactant表面活性物质alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量intrapulmonary pressure肺内压tidal volume潮气量vital capacity肺活量minute ventilation volume 每分通气量forced vital capacity用力肺活量physiological dead space生理无效腔ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气/血流比值oxygen capacity氧容量oxygen content氧含量oxygen dissociation curve氧离曲线carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酸血红蛋白Bohr effect波尔效应oxygen saturation氧饱和度carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶respiratory center呼吸中枢pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射 消化digestion 机械性消化 mechanical digestion 化学性消化 chemical digestion 吸收absorption慢波slow wave基本电节律basic electrical rhythm，BER内在神经系统intrinsic nervous system外来神经系统extrinsic nervous system胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone（gut hormone）胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen胃黏膜屏障gastric mucosal barrier 内因子intrinsic factor胃泌素gastrin容受性舒张receptive relaxation 胃的排空gastric emptying移行性复合运动migrating motor complex，MMC分节运动segmental motility肠胃反射enterogastric reflex蠕动peristalsis营养作用trophic action 能量代谢energy metabolism食物的热价thermal equivalent of food食物的氧热价thermal equivalent of oxygen呼吸商respiratory quotient， RQ非蛋白呼吸商non-protein respiratory quotient， NPRQ特殊动力效应specific dynamic effect基础代谢率basal metabolism rate， BMR体温body temperature调定点set point肾单位nephron 球旁器juxtaglomerular apparatus致密斑macula densa管球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback球管平衡glomerulotubular balance 肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate， GFR滤过分数filtration fraction， FF滤过平衡 filtration equilibrium 肾糖阈renal threshold for glucose渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis 水利尿water diuresis清除率clearance 重吸收reabsorption肾血浆流量renal plasma flow，RPF U直小血管vasa recta 感觉器官的功能英文单词要求:感受器(receptor) ;适宜刺激（adequate stimulus）;感受器电位（receptor potencial）;简化眼(reduced eye);视敏度(visual acuity) ;近点(near point of vision); 近视(myopia); 远视(hyperopia); 散光(astigmatism) ;视杆细胞(rod cell) ; 视锥细胞(cone cell); 暗适应(dark adaptation);明适应(light adaptation);视野（visual field）;耳蜗微音器电位(Cochlear micro-phonic potential); 神经系统的功能英文单词要求:神经的营养性作用(trophic action )；神经的功能性作用 (functional action) ；轴浆运输 (axoplasmic transport)； 突触后电位(Postsynaptic potential)；兴奋性突触后电位(Excitatory postsynaptic potential)；抑制性突触后电位 (Inhibitory postsynaptic potential)； 突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)；突触前抑制 (presynaptic inhibition) ；传入侧支性抑制（Afferent collateral inhibition）；回返性抑制(Recurrent inhibition)； 曲张体(varicosity)； 神经递质 (neurotransmitter)；神经调质(neuromodulator)； 受体(receptor) ；单向传播（one way conduction）；中枢延搁（central delay）；感觉投射系统(Sensory Projection System)；特异性投射系统(Specific Projection System)；非特异性投射系统（Non-specific Projection System）； 脑干网状结构上行激动系统 (Ascending reticular activating system)；感觉柱(sensory column)； 牵涉痛(referred pain) ；皮层诱发电位(cortical evoked potential) ；脑电图 (Electroencephalogram)；皮层电图 (electrocorticogram)； 慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)； 快波睡眠 (fast wave sleep)； 运动单位(motor unit) ；牵张反射(stretch reflex)；肌紧张(muscle tonus)； 腱反射(tendon reflex)； 肌梭(muscle spindle)；腱器官(tendon organ)； 运动柱(moter column)； 脊休克(spinal shock)；脊动物(spinal animal)； 去大脑动物(decerebrate animal ) ；去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity) ；前庭小脑(vestibulocerebellum ) ；脊髓小脑(spinocerebellum)； 皮层小脑(cerebrocerebellum)；意向性震颤(intention tremor)； 静止性震颤(static tremor) ；生物节律(biorhythm) ；防御反应(defense reaction) ；遗忘(loss of mrmory)；摄食中枢（feeding center）；饱中枢（satiety center）激素英文单词1.内分泌 endocrine2.允许作用 permissive