代词(2).doc

代词（2）六、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。七、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone/each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others 注：复合不定代词有12个：something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing,nobody, no one, everything, everyone, everybody. (1)some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today.They will go there some day.some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. Have you got any questions to ask?any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。如：Come here with any friend.(2)no和none的用法：no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up. They had no reading books to lend.none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom. I have many books, but none is interesting.(3)all和both的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school. -Would you like this one or that one? Both.all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(4)every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(5)either和neither的用法：either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(6)other、the other和another的用法：other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? I want another four books.another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(7)many和much的用法：many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I dont have many friends here.Many died in the bus accident. We can learn much with the help of him. many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground. They havent got much work to do. There are too many people in the room.(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money. Dont worry. There is still a little time left.In that polar region there live few people. You can get a few sweets from him.(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?He has nothing much to do today.(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? I dont like the green ones.(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I dont think so.He lost a book., So did I. (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：A lot of people think that time is money. I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.I have a number of letters to write today. I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. None of my friends came to see me that day.八、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others ,one anothers。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.They sat there without talking to one another / each other.九、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? What does she want to be when she grows up?、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?What colour are their hats?Which car was made in Germany?注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.Which man is your father?、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.Which people live a sad life? -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?The biggest one in Haikou.、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse? What is that? What are those? What colours do they have?练习：一选择1. bedroom is larger than .A. Our; yourB. Yours; theirsC. Theirs; oursD. Their; ours2. Li Gang and Wang Lin have been away. They cant help us with the work.Lets do it .A. ourselvesB. themselvesC. yourselvesD. myself3.Look at the cat. Washing paws.A. Its; itsB. It; itsC. Its; itsD. Its; its4.All the students have gone to the Science Museum except .A. her and hisB. him and meC. she and himD. he and I5. will be sent to Germany for the training.A. I, you and heB. He, I and youC. You, she and ID. I, you and they6.The population of China is larger than of India.A. oneB. thoseC. theseD. that7.The players from Europe are taller than from Asia.A. thoseB. theseC. thatD. they8.He found impossible to work out the problem by .A. that; ourselvesB. it; myselfC. it; himselfD. that; himself9. took us two hours to repair the refrigerator.A. ThisB. ItsC. ThatD. It10.Who is singing in the next room? must be Mary.A. SheB. ThisC. ItD. He11. Hello, may I speak to Peter? Hello, Peter speaking.A. ImB. this isC. thatsD. its12.When shall we go fishing next week, Saturday or Sunday? day is OK. You decide.A. NeitherB. either.C. bothD. all13.There are forty pupils in Class 3. of them are Young Pioneers.A. AllB. EitherC. BothD. Each14.You can take of the two bags, but leave one to your sister.A. eachB. bothC. neitherD. either15.Which do you prefer, coffee or milk? , thanks. Id like some cool water.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None16. Is he interested in all the games?No. he likes .A. allB. anyC. noneD. neither17. of us has been told about it, so we dont know it at all.A. bothB. nobodyC. EachD. None18.The colour of Linglings skirt is different from of theirs.A. thatB. thisC. theseD. those19.Granny Li keeps one white cat and three yellow .A. oneB. onceC. onesD. ones20.Would you like a banana? No, thank you. Ive already had .A. oneB. itC. thatD. this21.Can you see students on the playground? Yes, I can see .A. any; a fewB. any; fewC. some; littleD. any; any22. If Lintao cant win the race, does want a go?A. else everybodyB. somebody elseC. else anybodyD. anybody else23.Here are two letters, Bob, is for you and is for your father.A. one; anotherB. one; the secondC. one; the otherD. one; others24.After supper some people like to stay at home watching TV. like to go out for a walk.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the others25.“Hes the tallest in the class” means “Hes taller than in the calss”.A. every boyB. any studentsC. each boyD. any other student26.Lets ask Jim about the Internet. He knows about it.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.I cant give you any ink because I have left.A. littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few28.A lot of climbers have tried to climb the Qomolangma, but only have succeeded.A. manyB. fewC. a fewD. much29.May I use your pencil sharpener?Yes. I have two, and you can use of them.A. everyB. allC. anyD. either30. of the five girls knows how to get there.A. allB. neitherC. bothD. none31.I have four cousins. One is a lawyer, is an artist, are workers.A. the other; the othersB. another; othersC. another; the othersD. the other; others32.This pair of glasses is too dark. Could you show me /A. the othersB. another oneC. the otherD. another pair33.Miss Gao gave the exam papers to all the pupils except who had not passed the exam.A. the onesB. onesC. themD. the other34.Im very thirsty. Could I have to drink?What would you like? will do.A. anything; something B. something; anything C. something; something D. anything; anything35.What are you doing here, Mary and Kate? We are looking at pictures.A. eachs otherB. each othersC. each otherD. eachs others36.It used to be apa