一篇路易斯康生平简介.doc

路易斯康生平简介 Louis I. Kahns Biography synopsisOne of the most influential international architects of the second half of the twentieth century, Louis I. Kahns life was firmly rooted in Philadelphia, just as his enduring legacy as a teacher and practitioner has continued to affect the architectural community in the region into the twenty-first century.当老师和实习者在这个区域继续影响建筑社区入21世纪，其中一位20世纪的第二个一半的最显要的国际建筑师，路易斯康的生活于费城坚定地根源，正他忍受的遗产。一个二十世纪最具影响力的国际建筑师,路易斯康的生活是扎根在费城,就像他永久遗产作为一个教师和医生继续影响建筑社会在该地区为21世纪。Kahn was born in Estonia, the son of Bertha Mendelsohn and Leopold Kahn, and emigrated with his family to Philadelphia in 1906. Like a number of his contemporaries, Kahn first studied architecture at Central High School, where he was a classmate of Norman N. Rice, and went on to the architecture program at the University of Pennsylvania. Kahn earned a B. Arch. in 1924, winning a bronze medal in the Arthur Spayd Brooke Memorial Prize his senior year, with Paul P. Cret as his studio critic. While still a student, Kahn was employed in offices in the city as a draftsman during the summer, including Hoffman-Henon Co., for whom he worked in 1921, and Hewitt & Ash, where he was employed the following year.康出生在爱沙尼亚， 康是Bertha Mendelsohn和Leopold Kahn的儿子，并在1906年与他的家庭移居到费城。 在当时那个年代， 康在中央高中第一次学习了建筑学，他是Norman N. Rice的同学，并且继续建筑学节目在宾夕法尼亚大学。 Kahn赢得了B.曲拱。 在1924年，获得在亚瑟Spayd Brooke纪念奖的一枚铜牌他的高年级，与保罗P. Cret作为他的演播室评论家。 当仍然学生， Kahn在办公室被雇用了在城市作为制图员在夏天期间，包括Hoffman-Henon Co.时，他在1921年工作和Hewitt &灰，他被雇用来年。卡恩出生在努,爱沙尼亚的儿子,Bertha Mendelsohn和利奥波德卡恩和移民与家人在1906费城。 像他的一些同时代,卡恩在第一次研究建筑中央高中,在他的同学(Norman大米,和他的建筑计划在宾夕法尼亚大学。 卡恩获得了B.门。 在1924,赢得铜牌spayd在阿瑟布鲁克纪念奖其高级年,与保罗.P. 克雷,他的画室评论家。仍然是一个学生,卡恩是受雇在办事处在城市的起草人在夏季,包括霍夫曼-埃农公司,而他在1921,和休伊特After graduation, Kahn entered the office of City Architect John Molitor as a senior draftsman (among these was also Rice) working on the design of the 1926 Sesquicentennial buildings. Kahn later recalled his position in Molitors office as chief designer, but this position was in fact held by W. J. Sutphen. Kahn left Molitors office not long after the completion of the exposition buildings, joining the practice of theater designer William H. Lee in 1927. In 1928, Kahn left for Europe to see the architecture he had studied from afar and to hone his skills as a renderer. He traveled through northern Europe and Italy, visiting Norman Rice in Paris but did not express particular interest at the time in the work of Rices employer Le Corbusier.在毕业以后， Kahn进入了城市建筑师约翰Molitor办公室作为(在这些之中也是米)研究1926年Sesquicentennial大厦的设计的一位资深制图员。 Kahn后召回了他的位置在Molitor的办公室作为主设计师，但是这职务实际上由W.J. Sutphen担任。 Kahn辞去了Molitor的职位在博览会大厦的完成之后，在1927年加入剧院设计师威廉H.李实践。 在1928年， Kahn离开为了欧洲能看他从在远处学习了和磨刀他的技能作为renderer的建筑学。 他游遍北欧和意大利，参观诺曼底米在巴黎，但是当时没有表达特别的好处在米的雇主Le Corbusier工作。毕业后,卡恩进入办事处的城市建筑师约翰莫利托作为一个高级起草人(其中还米)的设计工作的建筑物1926 150。 卡恩后说他的立场,莫利托的办事处总设计师,但这一立场是由W.J.萨特芬。 卡恩离开莫利托的办公室后不久完成博览会建筑物,加入这一做法的战区设计师威廉李1927。在1928,卡恩前往欧洲的建筑他研究过远和锻炼他的技能是一个输出程序”。 他走遍欧洲北部和意大利,访问诺曼赖斯在巴黎表示,但并不特别感兴趣的时间在工作的赖斯的雇主le Corbnsier。Kahn returned to Philadelphia in 1929. His widow Esther, ne Israeli, later recalled that he had made plans before his departure to establish a partnership with another architect who died before Kahns return to the city. She remembered this architect to be Sydney C. Jelinek, another Central High School, University of Pennsylvania, and William H. Lee office alumnus, who did not die, however, until 1979. For whatever reason, Kahn did not establish a partnership upon his return, and instead found work in Crets office as a designer, participating in the Folger Shakespeare Library project, among others. Seemingly gainfully employed, Kahn married in 1930. Cret was unable to continue to keep Kahn in his office, but helped him to find a position as a designer with Zantzinger, Borie & Medary at the end of that year. He remained in that office until early 1932, participating in the U. S. Department of Justice Building project in Washington, D.C.在1929年Kahn回到了费城。 他的寡妇埃丝特， ne以色列人，以后召回他做计划，在他的离开建立一次合作以死，在Kahn的回归到城市之前的另一位建筑师之前。 她记住这位建筑师是悉尼C. Jelinek，另一所中央高中，宾夕法尼亚大学和威廉H.李办公室校友，没有死，然而，直到1979年。 无论什么原因， Kahn没有建立一次合作在他的回归和发现了工作在Cret的办公室作为设计师，参加Folger莎士比亚图书馆项目，除了别的以外。 表面上报酬好使用， Kahn在1930年结婚了。 Cret无法继续在他的办公室保留Kahn，但是帮助他发现一个位置作为有Zantzinger的一位设计师， Borie & Medary在那年的结尾。 他在直到早期1932年的那个办公室保持，参加美国司法部建筑项目华盛顿特区，卡恩返回费城1929。 他的遗孀埃斯特,以色列ne,后说,他计划在出发前,建立伙伴关系,另一个建筑师前死卡恩回归的城市。 她记得,这名建筑师悉尼C杰利内克,另一个中央高中、大学的宾夕法尼亚州威廉李办公室校友,他们没有死,但是,直到1979。以任何理由,卡恩没有建立伙伴关系他返回后,而找到工作,克雷办公室的设计师,参加福尔杰莎士比亚库项目,等等。 似乎就业挣钱,卡恩在1930结婚。克雷无法继续向卡恩在他的办公室,但帮他找到一个立场,设计师灿青格、博里In early 1932, Kahn and Dominique Berninger formed an important incubator for modern architecture in Philadelphia, the Architectural Research Group. The members of this loose association of progressive-minded young architects were interested in both the populist social preoccupations and new style details of contemporary European designers. Among their projects were unbuilt schemes for public housing presented to the Public Works Administration. One of the other ARG members may have been Solis Kopelan, with whom Kahn formed what was probably his first true partnership by 1933. Esther Kahn later recounted to historian David B. Brownlee that Kahn & Kopelan was established to pursue commercial work, and that it endured into the late 1930s with a modest amount of success.在1932年初， Kahn和多米尼克Berninger在费城形成了现代建筑学的一个重要孵养器，建筑研究小组。 重视进步的年轻建筑师的这个宽松协会的会员是对代表人民的社会全神贯注和当代欧洲设计师感兴趣新式的细节。 在他们的项目之中是公共住房的unbuilt计划被提出对公共建设管理。 其他ARG成员之一也许是Solis Kopelan，被形成的Kahn什么大概是他的第一次真实的合作在1933年之前。 埃丝特Kahn后详述了给Kahn & Kopelan建立追求商业工作，并且它忍受入与适量的20世纪30年代末成功的史学家大卫B. Brownlee。1932年初,卡恩和多米尼克贝尔宁格孵化器组成了一个重要的现代建筑在费城,建筑研究组。 本协会的逐步宽松态度青年建筑师都有兴趣的民粹社会关注的问题和新的风格细节的当代欧洲设计师。 在其项目建筑物计划提出公屋的公共工程管理。另一个阿根廷成员可能已Solis kopelan与卡恩形成了可能是他第一个真正的伙伴关系的1933。 埃斯卡恩后讲述历史学者戴维B.布朗利,卡恩While the ARG dissolved at the end of 1933, progressive group housing would remain at the core of Kahns work into the 1950s. These projects were accomplished in association with a number of other Philadelphia architects, including Kenneth M. Day. After the dissolution of the ARG, Kahn found work with the Philadelphia City Planning Commission as a squad head working on housing studies; he then was employed in the federal governments Resettlement Administration, and was a consultant to the Philadelphia Housing Authority.当ARG溶化了在1933年年底时，进步“小组住房”将保持在Kahn的工作的核心入20世纪50年代。 这些项目是成功的与很多位其他费城建筑师有关系，包括肯尼斯M.天。 在ARG的溶解以后， Kahn发现了与费城市政规划委员会一起使用，在住房的小队顶头工作学习; 他在联邦政府的再定居管理然后被雇用了，并且是给作顾问费城住房当局。虽然阿根廷溶解在1933,逐步“组屋”将继续为核心的卡恩的工作纳入1950年代。 这些项目都实现了与其他一些费城建筑师,包括肯尼思天。解散后的阿根廷,卡恩找到工作的费城市规划委员会的代表队头工作在住房研究;他是受雇在联邦政府的重新安置,是一个顾问的费城房屋管理局。Among the most important of Kahns alliances was with George Howe. Kahn probably first worked directly with Howe in connection with projects for the Philadelphia Housing Authority in the late 1930s; in 1940 Howe invited Kahn to form a partnership to pursue projects. This association was short-lived, but Howe would remain a key figure in Kahns career at several later points. Kahns 1940s working partnership with Oskar Stonorov survived longer. In 1945, Kahn began his working collaboration and personal relationship with Anne G. Tyng, with whom he would design several projects.在最重要Kahn的之中联盟是以乔治Howe。 Kahn大概首先直接地与Howe一起使用与费城住房当局的项目相关在20世纪30年代末期; 1940年Howe结成合作的被邀请的Kahn寻求项目。 这个协会是短命的，但是Howe在Kahn的事业将保持一个主要人物在数最新点。 运作与Oskar Stonorov的Kahn的20世纪40年代合作长期生存了。 在1945年， Kahn从安妮G. Tyng开始了他运作的合作和私人关系，他会设计几个项目。其中最重要的是卡恩的联盟与乔治豪。 卡恩可能是第一工作直接与豪有关项目费城房屋管理局在1930年代末;在1940豪邀请卡恩,建立伙伴关系,实行项目。该协会是短暂的,但豪将仍然是一个关键人物,卡恩的职业在后来的若干点。 卡恩1940年的工作与奥斯卡stonorov生存更长。 在1945,卡恩开始他的工作协作和个人的关系,安妮G.廷,与他将设计一些项目。Kahn was named the Paul Cret Professor of Architecture in 1966, and would teach a masters studio at Penn with Norman Rice and G. Robert Le Ricolais, until his death. Engineers Le Ricolais and Komendant were also collaborators in Kahns work. At Penn, Kahn became more than an influential teacher. He was something like a philosopher in residence, a charismatic thinker who inculcated the core elements of his mature work - a reverence for materials, light, and humanistic values, and an almost religious belief in elemental geometric solids.Kahn在1966年被命名了保罗Cret建筑学教授和教大师的演播室在Penn用诺曼底米和G.罗伯特直到他的死亡的Le Ricolais (并且，在初期， Komendant 8月E.)。 engineers Le Ricolais和Komendant也是Kahn的工作的合作者。 在Penn， Kahn比一位显要的老师成为了更多。 他是有点象住所的一位哲学家，反复灌输他的成熟工作的核心元素的一个吸引人思想家 - 对材料的尊敬、光和人文价值和在自然力几何固体的几乎宗教信仰。卡恩被命名为保罗克雷教授的建筑在1966,并将教一个总的画室在宾夕法尼亚的诺曼赖斯和G.罗伯特勒ricolais,直到他的死亡。 工程师Le ricolais和科缅丹特也合作者卡恩的工作。 在宾夕法尼亚,卡恩成为一个有影响力多教师。 他是一个类似哲学家在居住、具有魅力位思想家的话灌输的核心内容,其成熟工作-一个虔诚的材料、轻,和人文价值,以及一个几乎宗教信仰Kahn joined the national AIA in 1935, and was made a fellow of the Institute in 1951. He was a member of the Philadelphia Chapter and served as a director in 1950 and 1952. Kahn was the recipient of numerous awards and honors. Among these, he was named a fellow of the World Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1962, and made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1964, having been awarded the Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize in 1960. In 1973, this organization awarded Kahn its Gold Medal for Architecture. He was made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Science in 1968. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London in 1970, and awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Institute of British Arts in 1972. In addition to his teaching at Yale and Penn, Kahn was the Albert F. Bemis Professor of Architecture and Planning at M.I.T. in 1962, and the Class of 1913 Visiti