托福综合写作--技巧完全版1共60页文档.ppt

INTEGRATEDTASK 综合写作技巧展示 INTEGRATEDTASK 本课内容 INTEGRATEDTASK 1 NOTE TAKING 双栏式 笔记法 2 columnwayT R L INTEGRATEDTASK 讲义第12页 第3题演示先画好 双栏 注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字读阅读每一段的Mainpoint和detail reason PRIVATESPACETRAVEL T privatizedspaceflightindustryR benefitsL PRIVATESPACETRAVEL 阅读笔记 PRIVATESPACETRAVEL 听力笔记 SCHOOLUNIFORM T schooluniformR stressL SCHOOLUNIFORM 阅读笔记 Schooluniform听力笔记 INTEGRATEDTASK 2 SUMMARIZING INTEGRATEDTASK SUMMARIZING1 eliminateunnecessaryinformation2 Combineintoasentence 因果关系 INTEGRATEDTASK Because INTEGRATEDTASK 展示SUMMARIZING通过题目SCHOOLUNIFORMPRIVATESPACETRAVEL SCHOOLUNIFORM 阅读笔记 Schooluniform听力笔记 Schooluniform 展示SUMMARIZING通过例题SCHOOLUNIFORM共6句话 SCHOOLUNIFORM 1 Ifallstudentswearthesamestyleofuniform clothingcostwillbeless 阅读第1Schooluniformisexpensive pricy andstudentswhowearuniformwillbuytrendyafter schoolclothes 听力第1 SCHOOLUNIFORM 2 Witheveryonewearingthesameuniform studentswillnotbeconcernedaboutwhethertheyarewearingthefashionably correctclothes 阅读第2Beingmadetowearaschooluniformmakesmanystudentsfeelmoreself conscious becausetheycanpresentthemselvesinawayofmakingthemcomfortable 听力第2 SCHOOLUNIFORM 3 Unityinclothingcaneliminatediscrimination soteasingandbullyingofsomestudentsbyotherswillbesignificantlyreduced 阅读第3Itisimpossibletoeliminateteasingandbullyingbecausetheyareinthatparticularstage alsotheycanpickonotherthingslikemusicandbackpacks 听力第3 INTEGRATEDTASK 3 SYNTHESIZING INTEGRATEDTASK SYNTHESIZING把SUMMARIZING的6句话整理成3大段 形成BODYPARTConnecttheinformationfrombothsources SYNTHESIZING Accordingtothelecture thiscontradictsthepointsinthereadingthat Theprofessorarguesthat Thisisdifferentfromthereading whichstatesthat Theteachersaysthat However thisisnotwhatthereadingstates itsaysthat SYNTHESIZING Contrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat theprofessorassertsthat Theauthorofthepassagepointsoutthat whilethelecturenotesthat Accordingtothereading Thepassage spointisdifferentfromtheprofessor whichstatesthat SYNTHESIZING 展示SYNTHESIZING通过例题 PRIVATESPACEFLIGHT PRIVATESPACETRAVEL 阅读笔记 PRIVATESPACETRAVEL 听力笔记 SYNTHESIZING 1 Accordingtothelecture thecostsofcreatingandrunningtrafficcontrolsystem andoftestingnewspaceshipwillmakespaceflightexpensive Thiscontradictsthepointsmadeinthereadingthatcompetitionintheprivatespaceflightindustryquicklyreducecosts SYNTHESIZING 2 Theprofessorassertsthatprivatespacetravelislikelytopreventorevendelayscientificinnovationsbyluringtopscientistsawayfromseriousresearchestocommercialprojects Contrarytowhatthebeliefinthepassagethatprivatizationofspaceflightwillspeedupbyincreasingthenumberofscientistsworkingintheareaofspaceflight SYNTHESIZING 3 Thelecturenotesthatthetaxpayingpublicwillendupsubsidizingspacestation andsoon becausetheprivateinvest customers cannotcoverthecost Whiletheauthorofthepassagepointsoutthatthecostspaidbycustomersofprivatespaceflightindustrywillsignificantlyreducethefinancialburdenonpublic INTEGRATEDTASK 例题 CHARITABLEGIVING T charitablegivingR declineL CHARITABLEGIVING 阅读笔记 CHARITABLEGIVING 听力笔记 CHARITABLEGIVING 2 mindrill写出BODYPART的第一段 2个句子 阅读一句话 听力一句话 CHARITABLEGIVING 1 Theteachersaysthatcharitablegivingwillriseinthefuture asthegrowingcostsofpublicservicesfromincreasingelderlyandretiredpeoplecreateneedforprivatefunding Thisisnotwhatthereadingstates itissaidthatcharitablegivingwilldeclinesubstantially becausegovernmentcancovermostofcharity CHARITABLEGIVING 2 Thetalksaysthatthemismanagementincharitieshasbeenreformed byforcingthecorruptedmanagerstoresign whichgivesdonorsmoreconfidence Inthereading however itisarguedthatdisclosuresofmismanagementofthecharitywillleadtoapermanentdeclineincharitablegiving CHARITABLEGIVING 3 Accordingtothelecture peoplearelearninghowtoavoidfraudulentgivingincharitiesbyreceivingdocumentsbeforedonation byturningdowndonationviatelephone Theprofessor spointisdifferentfromthereading Thereadingstatesthatpeopleareunwillingtodonateduetothecharityfraud INTEGRATEDTASK 科学性文章READING 设想LISTENING反1事实 解释驳 解释2事实 解释3事实 解释 EasterIsland T EasterIslandculturedeclineR invasionL internalcauses EasterIslandp16 T EasterIslandculturedeclineR invasionL internalcauses EasterIsland 1 TheteachersaysthatthedeforestationofEasterIslandisthemostplausiblyexplainedbyoverloggingbythenativepopulationwhousethelogstotransportthegiantstatues Thisisnotwhatthereadingstates itissaidthatEasterIslandwasdeforestedbyinvaderswhowereunconcernedaboutnaturalresources EasterIsland 3 Accordingtothelecture ItislikelythatEasterIslandersadoptedanewreligionbecausetheylostfaithintheiroldgods Theprofessor spointisdifferentfromthereading adoptinganewreligioncalled BirdmanWorship ofEasterIslandwasintroducedbyaforeigninvasion EasterIsland 2 Thetalksaysthatthemakingofgiantstatuesstoppedbecauseeconomicdifficulties thelackoffishtoeat leftislanderswithoutanyenergytomakethem andalsoitbecausetherewerenologstotransportthem Inthereading however itisarguedthatthistraditionalculturepracticeofEasterIslandwasdestructedbyinvasion 开头段 划去BODYPART只看开头段模板 Modulartemplate 开头段 Inthelecture theprofessormadeseveralpointsabout Theprofessorarguesthat However thereadingcontendsthat Thelecturecontradictsthereadingregardingseveralpoints Firstly thelecturerpointsoutthat whichdiffersfromthereadinginthatthereadingstates Theprofessorproveshisideawithanexample areasonthat Thepointmadebytheprofessorcastsdoubtonthereading Secondly contrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat theprofessorclaimsthat byshowingthat Thepointunderminestheclaimmadeinthereading Finally theprofessorstatesthat Thisiscontrarytotheclaimthat Alsotheprofessorexemplifieshis heropinionbyshowingthat Thisdirectlychallengeswhatthereadingpassageindicates Inconclusion thepointsmadeinthelecturecontrastwiththereading INTEGRATEDTASK 1 NOTE TAKING 双栏式 笔记法 2 columnwayT R L ALTRUISM OGp282 ALTRUISM的范文 IntroductionParagraphThetopicforthelectureandthereadingpassageis Theprofessorarguesthat whilethereadingcontendsthat Thelecturecontradictsthereadingregardingseveralpoints altruism peopleandanimalsactuallybenefitfromso calledaltruismacts altruismisakindofunselfishbehaviorwhichisquitecommonamongpeopleandanimals BodyParagraph1 Firstly thelecturerpointsoutthat whichdiffersfromthereadinginthatthereadingstates Inotherwords Thepointmadebytheprofessorcastsdoubtonthereading sentinelmeerkatsactuallyeatbeforetheothermeerkats theygowithoutfoodtostandguard sentinelmeerkatshaveafullstomachastheyworkaccordingtorecentstudies BodyParagraph2 Secondly contrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat theprofessorclaimsthat byshowingthat Thepointunderminestheclaimmadeinthereading sentinelmeerkatsplacethemselvesindangerfrompredators thealarmsentinelsgi