《倒装句》.doc

Inversion倒装句定义：把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装构成：a)完全倒装（将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。）E.g.：In came the headmaster, followed by a group of teachers. b) 部分倒装（只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。）E.g.：Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 功能：1强调部分内容。2 满足语法结构的需要。3 为了保持句子平衡或与上下文衔接。完全倒装一、There be 句型。There be （stand ，exist ，live，lie）+名词(主语) + 状语E.g.：1) There exist serious problems.2) There stands a tower on top of the hill.3) There will be a basketball match this afternoon.二、以表示地点或方位的副词开头的句子，要完全倒装。“adv（here，there，now，then, out，in，up，down，away）+vi+主语”1) 车来了。 Here comes the bus.2) 铃响了。 There goes the bell.3) 该你的了。 Now comes your turn.4) 孩子们出去了。 Out went children.注意:当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变。1) 他们出去了。 They went out.2) 他来了。 Here he comes.三、作地点的介词短语位于句首 (为了句子平衡或强调表语或状语或使上下文衔接)E.g.1）Chinas then Premier Zhu was among the speakers, who stressed Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu, who2）In front of house sat a small boy.四、Such 位于句首，意为“这样的人或事”E.g.：Such is Jack. He is friendly to his friends. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.五、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”1 “形容词+系动词+主语”E.g.：Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.2 “过去分词+系动词+主语”E.g.：Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.3 “介词短语+be+主语”E.g.：Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.六、直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。E.g.：“If you die, who will get your money?” asked Holmes部分倒装一、用于疑问句Do you speak English? 二、“两种从句，两种句型，两种状语”（一）.两种从句1. 在省略 if 的虚拟条件中，将 were, had, should 放在主语前，构成倒装。E.g.:1）If I had known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one.Had I known that , I would?2）If he were here now, I could ask himWere he here now, I could ask him.注意：if it werent for(表示于现在事实相反)和if it hadnt been for（表示与过去事实相反）表示“多亏“、”要不是“，这两个句型倒装时，not总是放在if之后，即were it not for和had it not been for。这两个句型也可用but for来表示。E.g.: Had it not been for her hearty invitation, I would not have gone there in such a cold season.2. as / though 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装。(形容词，或名词、动词原形）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句（though 从句也可不用倒装；as从句一定要倒装；although不能引导倒装的从句。）且表语是名词要省去冠词,最高级前要去掉the。E.g.1）Though / Although he is a child, he knows a lot.(正常语序)Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.（倒装）2）Clever as / though he is, he studies hard.3）Try as he might, he could not find a job.（二）、两种句型1、 so/as (也一样)，neither / nor (也不)放在句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物，要部分倒装。构成”So+助动词/情态动词/be+主”。1)I dont buy products that cause pollution. Most people I know do not buy them, either. I dont buy, and neither / nor do most people.2）He works in Chongqing and so do I .注意：当前文所提及的不只一件事，并且动词由两种不同的词充当。应用”so it is with sb.”或“It is the same with”结构。E.g.:1）-John is a good man and he always helps others. -so it is with Mike.2）-Tom is a student and studies hard.-So it is with John.It is the same with John. 表“的确如此”应为”so+主+助/情/be” E.g.:-He works hard. -So he does.2、so+形容词/副词+that；such+名词that 中的 so, such位于句首，要部分倒装。E.g.1）Jim was so happy that he couldnt help dancing.So happy was Jim that he couldnt help dancing.2）There was such a noise in the room that I couldnt go with my work.Such a noise was there in the room that I couldnt go with my work.3）So heavily was it raining!（三）、两种状语1、 only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句要部分倒装。E.g.：We can save the earth only by changing the way we live. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.注意：如果修饰主语（名词，代词），则不倒装E.g.: Only he knows the thing.2. 频率状语提前，即副词always, often, now and then, many a time等提前位于句首。1) Many a time has he come to see me.2) Often have I told them not to go swimming in the river.3) Always does she go to see her grandmother on Sunday.三、一个否定， 一种祝福（一）一个否定：否定词或词组即no, not ,never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not once, nothing, nobody, nowhere，by no means, in no way, hardlyWhen, no sooner than位于句首，常使用部分倒装。1) Nowhere could I see him.2) Seldom does he go to see a film.3) Never have I heard about it.4) By no means is smoking allowed in the classroom.（决不允许在教室里吸烟。）5) By no means shall we give up.6) At no place is smoking allowed.注意：1. Hardly/scarcely When和no soonerthan (“一就”，意思相当于“as soon as”)，当hardly, no sooner 放句首时,主句使用部分倒装，且主句须用过去完成时。1) No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.2) Hardly had he got to the cinema when his father phoned him.2。否定副词如果只是限定句子主语而非修饰谓语或全句，则句子不必倒装；此外某些否定词，如not, no等修饰主语而不是做状语时，句子也不必倒装。1) No survivor has yet been found.2) Not all that glitters is gold.（二）一种祝福:用于某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒装。1) Long live China! 中国万岁！2) May you be happy! 祝你幸福！四、三种特殊句型1. 句型：not only but also连接并列分句时， not only置于句首，前一分句要部分倒装。E.g.：Not only was the city seriously polluted, but also the streets were crowded.2. 句型：neitherNor连接并列分句时，前后分句都倒装E.g.：Neither is he foolish, nor is he lazy.（并列分句）比较：Neither she nor I am satisfied with his answer.（并列主语）3. 句型：not until引导从句置于句首，后面的主句部分倒装。“Not until+状语”放在句首，使用部分倒装。“not until状语从句”放在句首，也使用部分倒装，但注意从句不倒装，主句部分倒装。E.g.：1）We wont be able to improve the situation until we know more.Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.2) Not until they came did we leave our office.3）Not until 1949 did the village have its own school.比较：It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.这是 not until 的强调句形式。强调句型：It is / was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ that。总结：完全倒装的情况：一、There be 句型。There be （stand ，exist ，live，lie）+名词(主语) + 状语二、以表示地点或方位的副词开头的句子，要完全倒装。“adv（here，there，now，then, out，in，up，down，away）+vi+主语”三、作地点的介词短语位于句首 (为了句子平衡或强调表语或状语或使上下文衔接)四、Such 位于句首，意为“这样的人或事”五、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”六、直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。部分倒装的情况：一、用于疑问句二、“两种从句，两种句型，两种状语”（一）.两种从句1. 在省略 if 的虚拟条件中，将 were, had, should 放在主语前，构成倒装。2. as / though 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装。（二）、两种句型1、 so/as (也一样)，neither / nor (也不)放在句首，要部分倒装。构成”So+助动词/情态动词/be+主”。2、so+形容词/副词+that；such+名词that 中