高中英语语法专题 名词性从句讲解与练习.doc

五星级名校冲刺第一品牌 一对一个性化学科优化学案鹰击长空基础不丢一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句)The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句）They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位语从句）Do you remember how he came?（宾语从句）二、主语从句(subject clauses)1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。That you dont like him is none of my business. What he said is true. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。Whether she will come or not is still a question. That they will go is certain.Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主语的结构：（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 显而易见（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 Its a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It turns out that结果（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句Its reported that 据报道 Its believed that 据认为 It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Its strange that he didnt come yesterday. 4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. What you have done might do harm to other people. What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. Who made the long distance call is not important. 5、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. Where she has gone is not known yet.When they will start has not been decided yet. 三、表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.The question is whether we need more ice cream3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work.Thats what he is worrying about. 4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.Thats because we never thought of it.四、同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news， belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，instruction，reason，question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.I have no idea what you mean.2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.You can have no idea what he said.4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.五、宾语从句(object clauses)1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。He said he wanted to go to town. I hope youll be better soon.He asked me whether she was coming. 2、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。I think (that) hell be right in a few days. I wish （that） she would understand me.（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to doDo you know whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He cant tell which method they will use for the experiment.（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. Will you tell me how I can get to the station？ Do you know why he said that?（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。I dont know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. (me不可省略)She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on. (us可省略)3、作介词宾语It depends on whether he is coming or not. I was curious as to what we could do next.4、作形容词宾语。No one can be sure what man will look like in a million yearsI am not certain whether I have met him before.5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语-宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on timeShe thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone（2）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.We took it for granted that he would come.6、否定转移如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it better than me.I dont believe he treated the child like that.7、时态的呼应与语序。 在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？They have no idea at all where he has gone（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。He said he would come to see us the next day.I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。Dick asked Lucy how old she isThe teacher said the sun rises in the east六、高考考点考点(1)引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 常见的连接词如下： that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成分。 whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”。 注意：if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即：确定意思是“是否”的前提下，名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。 2名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词： where 可表示抽象意义，“的地方，点”；when 可表示“的时候”。 what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为the 名词that如：whatthe thing that/anything that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that固定句型：A is to B what C is to D 小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语、表语时，用what引导。 whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoeveranybody who whatever引导名词性从句时，whateveranything that whichever 引导名词性从句时，whicheverany名词that Whoever (Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.考点(2)名词性从句中的语气 在It is necessary/natural/important/strangethat从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。 表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词”，且should可省略。 表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。 考点(3)名词性从句中的时态 主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。 考点(4) 形式主语和形式宾语it 主语从句作句子主语，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，用it 作形式主语；同理，宾语从句作宾语，为平衡句子结构，避免句子中间臃肿，用it 作形式宾语，使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。考点(5)引导词that与what的区别 what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。如： What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.可以攻玉经典例题1. _(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)2. The news _(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)3. When the news came_, he decided to serve in the army. (break)当战争爆发的消息传来, 他决定去参军.4. _by one company doesnt necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)你被一个公司解雇并不一定意味着你没有出路来养活你自己.突飞猛进过手训练1. _ ought to turn off the lights. (whoever) 最后离开房间的人应该关灯。2. It is still unknown _ to visit her sick father. (set)她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。 3. It will make a difference if we realize _ to live life to the fullest. (important)如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。 4. _ is that they are all independent. (common)他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。 5. _ is that it offers more personal services. (what)使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。6. Language experts hold the view _ the development of language. (influence)语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响。7. Tom, dont you realize that is _? (be)汤姆，难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗？ 8. Water, which seems so simple and common is _. (make)看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为可能的东西。9. After decoration, our classroom is not _. (what)装修后，我们的教室不再和过去一样。 10. Mary wrote an article on _ to win the game. (fail)玛丽写了篇关于我们这场比赛没有赢的原因的文章。11. These wild flowers are so special that I will do _ . (save)这些野花如此特别,我将竭尽所能地去挽救他们。 12. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _. (what)正确地选择字典取决于你要用它做什么。 6. Well never know _ for us in the ten years to come. (what)我们永远不会知道在即将到来的10后年我们的生活会发生什么。 7. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _.(what) 他自豪地说出他在比赛中发挥的作用却没有提他的队友们所做的。 8. That morning Jim asked me _ with my parents the night before. (argue)那天上午吉姆问我, 我和父母在前一天晚上争论什么。9. To get a full appreciation of_ we must turn first to some recent human inventions, (mean)要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。10. _as men has been proved by a study. (word)女性用的词汇是男性的两倍，这已经得到了一个研究的证实。11. Smart phones enable workers to keep in contact in_ impractical before.(think)智能手机让上班族们有更多他们以前认为是不现实的方式保持联系。12. A great sense of balance is to stand on a Swiss Ball. (take)站在瑞士球上需要很好的平衡感。13. The stability of a society depends on the extremes of human behavior.（respond）一个社会的稳定取决于该社