托福词汇考频版 List24

portability 音 标 p t bil ti 词 频 5 possession 音 标 p ze n 词 频 5 potato 音 标 p teit u 词 频 5 pound 音 标 paund 词 频 5 powder 音 标 paud 词 频 5 predation 音 标 pri dei n 词 频 5 List 24 中n 可移植性 便携性 英the quality or state of being portable 例Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability 译游牧化生活让畜牧化群体服从了便携性的严格规则 中n 有 所有 英the act of having or taking into control 例Two conditions are almost always present 1 The possession of hard parts either internal or external such as bones teeth scales shells and wood these parts remain after the rest of the organism has decayed 译有两个条件几乎总是会出现 1 有硬的部分 不论内部的还是外部的 比如骨头 牙 齿 鳞 壳和木头 有机体的其它部分腐烂以后这些部分会保留下来 中n 马铃薯 土豆 英a South American plant Solanum tuberosum widely cultivated for its starchy edible tubers 例As Patrick Kirch an American anthropologist points out rather than being brought by rafting South Americans sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America 译正如一位美国人类学家Patrick Kirch指出的那样 甘薯并不是由漂流的南美人带来 可能是被那些本来可以到达南美洲西海岸的波利尼西亚航海者在返航时轻松地带过来 的 中n 磅 英a unit of weight equal to 16 ounces 453 592 grams 例Steam was accumulated in a large double acting vertical cylinder but the steam reached only a few pounds of pressure per square inch 译蒸汽被聚集在一个大的 双面作用的垂直汽缸里 但是蒸汽每平方英尺只承受几磅气 压 中n 粉末 英a substance consisting of ground pulverized or otherwise finely dispersed solid particles 中n 掠食 英the act of preying or plundering 例A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events 译橡树的数量在一段时期内可以保持相对稳定 并且 它的存活可能更多地取决于面对 竞争压力的能力和抵御攻击的能力 而非依赖于从偶然事件中获得好处 pretend 音 标 pri tend 词 频 5 professor 音 标 pr fes 词 频 5 protectionist 音 标 pr tek nist 词 频 5 protrude 音 标 pro tru d 词 频 5 provision 音 标 pr vi n 词 频 5 pulse 音 标 p ls 词 频 5 pursuit 音 标 p sju t 中v 假托 假装 英to give a false appearance of being possessing or performing 例Once there the bird pretends to incubate a brood 译一旦到达那个位置 千鸟假装孵化雏鸟 中n 教授 英one that professes avows or declares 例In the middle of the nineteenth century Louis Agassiz one of the first scientists to study glaciers immigrated to the United States from Switzerland and became a professor at Harvard University where he continued his studies in geology and other sciences 译19世纪中期 第一个研究冰川的科学家Louis Agassiz从瑞士移民到美国 成为哈佛大 学的教授 并且在那里继续他的地质学等自然科学的研究 中n 保护贸易论者 英an advocate of government economic protection for domestic producers through restrictions on foreign competitors 例As small countries dependent on foreign markets they followed a liberal trade policy in the main though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden 译就像那些依赖国外市场的小国家一样 它们大体上奉行自由贸易政策 尽管在瑞典出 现了一场贸易保护主义运动 中v 突出 伸出 英to thrust forward 例The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all 译它们的眼睛与身体完全齐平 一点也不向外突出 中n 供应 英the act or process of providing 例Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations recent music scores may contain graph like diagrams new note shapes and symbols and novel ways of arranging notation on the page 译因为这里面的很多创新都没有规定在标准的音乐表示法里 所以近代的乐谱可能会包 含像图表一样的曲线图 新的音符形状和符号 以及在纸上编写乐谱的新方法 中n 脉搏 英the rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck 例Artists and intellectuals from many parts of the United States and the Caribbean had been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat of its unique and dynamic culture 译Harlem 地区独特的节奏和动态的文化曾经吸引了许多来自美国和加勒比海地区的艺术 家和知识分子 中n 追赶 英the act of pursuing 音 标 p sju t 词 频 5 pyramid 音 标 pir mid 词 频 5 quantify 音 标 kw ntifai 词 频 5 queen 音 标 kwi n 词 频 5 radiocarbon 音 标 reidio k rb n 词 频 5 recount 音 标 ri ka nt 词 频 5 reign 音 标 rein 词 频 5 例Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation manufacturing and trade and distribution 译在美国从事非农业工作的人口数量和比例在内战后的半个世纪快速增长 并在交通 制造 贸易和销售行业领域内出现最急剧增长 中n 金字塔 棱锥体 v 以金字塔的模型构建 英an ancient massive structure found especially in Egypt having typically a square ground plan outside walls in the form of four triangles that meet in a point at the top and inner sepulchral chambers an anatomical structure resembling a pyramid 例The Great Salt Lake is all that remains of the latter and Pyramid Lake is one of the last briny remnants of the former 译现在的大盐湖是庞蒂克湖的存续 而金字塔湖则是坦湖遗留下的最后一个咸水湖 中v 用数量表示 量化 英to determine express or measure the quantity of 例Second responses are difficult to quantify 译第二 反应很难被量化 中n 王后 英the wife or widow of a king 例A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colony s workers 译火蚁的蚁后发出一种化学信号使自己有别于种群中的工蚁们 中n 放射性炭 英radioactive carbon 例But belief in this ice free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice free corridor were incorrect 译但是当古生态学家Glen MacDonald证明 一些最重要的放射性碳日期 这些日期曾 经被用来支持不结冰通道的存在 并不正确时 这种不结冰通道的观点开始站不住脚 了 中v 详述 列举 重新计算 英to relate in detail to count again a second or fresh count 例Most people are not able to recount memories for experiences prior to the age of three years a phenomenon called infantile amnesia 译大多数人无法描述出三岁前的经历 这种现象就叫做幼儿期遗忘 中n 君主统治 英royal authority 例Until the reign of George 1760 1820 available sources of power for work and travel had not increased since the Middle Ages 译从中世纪以来一直到乔治三世统治时期 对于劳动和旅行来说 可以利用的动力能源 relief 音 标 ri li f 词 频 5 relocate 音 标 ri lo keit 词 频 5 render 音 标 rend 词 频 5 repel 音 标 ri pel 词 频 5 repetitive 音 标 ri pet tiv 词 频 5 requisition 音 标 rekwi zi n 词 频 5 一直没有进步 中n 减轻 英the easing of a burden or distress such as pain anxiety or oppression 例This was a more conservative style blending a simplified modernistic style with a more austere form of geometric and stylized relief sculpture and other ornament including interior murals 译这是一种更加保守的风格 把简化的现代主义风格和一种更加朴素的形式交融在一 起 这种朴素的形式含有几何图形装饰并且具有浮雕和其他装饰的 包括室内的壁 画 风格 中v 重新装置 再配置 英to locate agin 例Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves 译有毒的矿物质首先会被根部吸收 但是随后会被重新分配到茎部和叶子中 中v 表示 给予 英to give or make available 例Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader 译植物的消极防御包含物理和化学障碍 这可以阻止病原体的入侵 比如细菌 或者产 生一些对入侵者来说不可口或者有毒的组织 中v 排斥 抵制 反感 英to ward off or keep away to cause aversion or distaste in 例The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes for example seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests 译例如 科罗拉多甲虫能够成功侵入马铃薯 似乎是因为它很能忍受生物碱 生物碱通 常可以击退潜在的害虫 中adj 重复的 反复的 英containing repetition 例For example like art nouveau 1890 1910 art deco also used plant motifs but regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presented them as flowing asymmetrical foliage 译例如 和 新艺术主义 一样 艺术装饰也使用植物图案 但 艺术装饰 将这些图 案调整为抽象而且重复的形式 而非将它们呈现为流动而且不均匀的叶子 中v 要求 征用 n 请求 征用 英the act of formally requiring or calling upon someone to perform an action 例The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers animals 译建立军事基地需要征用当地土地 这些土地既用在 修建 军事要塞上 也用在喂养 retrieval 音 标 ri tri vl 词 频 5 rift 音 标 rift 词 频 5 romance 音 标 ro m ns 词 频 5 rudimentary 音 标 ru di mentri 词 频 5 seabed 音 标 si bed 词 频 5 seashore 音 标 si r 词 频 5 seldom 音 标 seld m 词 频 5 和训练军队里的动物上 中n 取回 恢复 挽回 英an act or process of retrieving 例This view is supported by a variety of factors that can create mismatches between very young children s encoding and older children s and adults retrieval efforts 译各种因素都支持这个观点 这些因素可以导致婴幼儿转化信息的方式与年龄较大儿童 和成年人进行回忆的方式之间出现不一致 中n 裂口 隙缝 切口 v 裂开 割开 渗入 英a clear space or interval 中v 讲虚构故事 n 浪漫史 爱情故事 英a medieval tale based on legend chivalric love and adventure or the supernatural 例Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs not fabricate romance and Sister Carrie he said was not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship but was a picture of conditions 译Dreiser认为 对人世间的事作家应该说实话 而不是虚构一些传奇美事 他还说道 他的作品 嘉莉妹妹 不是有意成为文学著作 而是为了展现社会状况 中adj 基本的 初步的 未充分发展的 英of a primitive kind 例In the early nineteenth century the knowledge of the physics of heat which was essential to a science of refrigeration was rudimentary 译在19世纪早期 热学的物理知识还很粗浅 而这种知识对制冷科学来说至关重要 中n 海底 海床 英the floor of a sea or ocean 例In this process sedimentary rocks that originally formed on the seabed may be folded upwards to altitudes of more than 26 000 feet 译在这个过程中 原本形成于海床上的沉积岩 层 会被向上拱起 从而达到超过 26 000英尺的高度 中n 海滨 英land adjacent to the sea 例It is relict seashore tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged 译这是一个在数百万年前突然被抬升起来的残缺海岸 那时海平面比现在要高并且半岛 的其他部分还淹没在水中 中adv 很少 不常 难得 英in few instances 例Neoclassical sculptors seldom held a mallet or chisel in their own hands 词 频 5 sensory 音 标 sens ri 词 频 5 shield 音 标 i ld 词 频 5 shine 音 标 ain 词 频 5 shiny 音 标 aini 词 频 5 slender 音 标 slend 词 频 5 slush 音 标 sl 词 频 5 snowstorm 音 标 sn ust m 词 频 5 sociobiology readily conceding that the assistants they employed were far better than they were at carving the finished marble 译新古典主义雕刻家很少自己拿着木锤或是凿子 欣然承认他们雇佣的助手在雕刻成品 的大理石方面比他们好得多 中adj 知觉的 感觉的 知觉器官的 英of or relating to sensation or to the senses 例For babies language is a sensory motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults 译对于婴儿来说 语言是一种由感性所激发的快乐 而对成人来说 语言是传播乏味语 意的途径 中n 盾 英a broad piece of defensive armor carried on the arm 中v 照耀 发光 英to emit rays of light 中adj 闪亮的 发光的 擦亮的 英having a smooth glossy surface 例It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny hard surface 译之后 器皿需要被圆石或者类似的物体来摩擦 这可以使其表面有光泽 并且坚硬 中adj 细长的 英having little width in proportion to height or length 中v 灌泥浆于 涂敷糊料 减水作用 溅湿 n 软泥 融雪 英soft mud partially melted snow or ice 例The cracklike marks on Europa s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below 译在木卫二的冰面上 裂纹状的痕迹看上去像是裂缝 在那里海水或者淤泥从下面渗 出 中n 雪暴 暴风雪 英a storm of or with snow 例Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War 1861 1865 a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned 译传说在美国内战 1861年 1865年 快结束的时候 载有牛的一辆政府火车在穿越怀 俄明州东部的北方平原时被暴风雪困住 不得不被遗弃 sociobiology 音 标 so sio bai l d i 词 频 5 sole 音 标 s ul 词 频 5 solidify 音 标 s lidifai 词 频 5 spearheaded 音 标 spirhed 词 频 5 spinal 音 标 spainl 词 频 5 stake 音 标 steik 词 频 5 steep 音 标 sti p 词 频 5 中n 社会生物学 生物社会学 英the comparative study of social organization and behavior in animals including humans especially with regard to its genetic basis and evolutionary history 例An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that aggression is natural and even desirable for people 译生物学方法的一个分支被称为社会生物学 社会生物学认为 人类天生具有攻击性 并且攻击性是人类所希望的 中n 脚底 鞋底 袜底 英the underside of the foot 例Aside from perpetuating itself the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to foster assist and sustain an interest in literature music and art 译除了要长久存在 美国艺术与文学学会的唯一宗旨是 培育 协助以及保持 对文 学 音乐和艺术的兴趣 中v 变固体 凝固 变坚定 英to make solid compact or hard 例Most crystalline rocks are much more solid a common exception is basalt a form of solidified volcanic lava which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous 译大部分结晶岩石都非常坚硬 但也有例外 最常见的就是玄武岩 它是一种火山岩浆 凝固后的形态 内部总是充满了微小的气泡 因此也具有多孔渗水的特点 中n 矛尖 攻击的最前线 v 做先锋 英the sharp pointed head of a spear a leading element force or influence in an undertaking or development 例And skilled craft workers who spearheaded the union movement did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers 译而且 作为工人运动先锋的技能熟练的手工艺人 并没有感到他们与技能不很熟练的 工人和非技术劳动者之间有特别牢固的情感联系 中adj 脊骨的 脊髓的 尖刺的 英of relating to or situated near the spinal column resembling a spine or spinous part 中n 桩 英a piece of wood or metal pointed at one end for driving into the ground as a marker fence pole or tent peg 中adj 险峻的 陡峭的 英having a sharp inclination 例Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most stony 音 标 st uni 词 频 5 straight 音 标 streit 词 频 5 subside 音 标 s b said 词 频 5 substitute 音 标 s bstitju t 词 频 5 subtraction 音 标 s b tr k n 词 频 5 successor 音 标 s k ses r 词 频 5 succulent communities and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men including often their military skills 译畜牧化社会里也同样存在性别上的不平等 但是由于大多数社群中没有不合理的财富 等级制度 并且由于需要妇女具有男子的技能 通常包括作战技能 所以这种不平 等被弱化了 中adj 多石的 英abounding in or having the nature of stone 例In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away leaving a stony surface 译在某些情况下 松散的土壤全部被风吹走 只剩下石质化的表层 中adj 直的 英free from curves bends angles or irregularities 例Making matters worse most of the Yucatan Peninsula consists of karst a porous sponge like limestone terrain where rain runs straight into the ground and where little or no surface water remains available 译更糟糕的是 尤卡坦半岛大部分地区是由karst地形组成的 一种像海绵一样多孔的石 灰岩地形 在这种地形中 雨水会笔直地流入地下 并且几乎没有留下可利用的地表 水 中v 沉没 平息 下陷 英to sink or fall to the bottom 例Sometimes the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed 译有时 在油田上方的地面可能会随着石油的抽取而下沉 中n 代替人 英a person or thing that takes the place or function of another 例The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land 译人们开始越来越多地使用干燥后的动物粪便作为替代燃料 这同样会对土壤产生不良 影响 因为这些珍贵的土壤改良剂和植物养分的来源将无法再回归到土壤之中 中n 减法 减去 英the act or process of subtracting 例It is clear that addition and subtraction in a simple grouping system require only ability to count the number symbols of each kind and then to convert to higher units 译很明显 在简单的编组系统中加法和减法运算只需要一种能力 即数每种数字符号 然后将这些符号转换成更高一级的单位 中n 接班人 继任人 英one that follows 例In literature Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors 译在文学领域 在一种自觉意识下 希腊作家被他们的拉丁语的继承者当作榜样 succulent 音 标 s kj l nt 词 频 5 sufficiency 音 标 s fi nsi 词 频 5 sweet 音 标 swi t 词 频 5 swing 音 标 swi 词 频 5 swirl 音 标 sw rl 词 频 5 tenement 音 标 ten m nt 词 频 5 tenon 音 标 ten n 词 频 5 textbook 音 标 tekstbuk 词 频 5 中n 肉质植物 英a succulent plant such as a sedum or cactus 例The different vegetational parts differ in their food qualities lower down there are succulent nutritious leaves higher up are the harder stems 译这些植物的不同部位具有不同的食用价值 靠下面的部位是营养多汁的味美枝叶 上面 更高的部位则是更为坚硬的茎杆 中n 充裕 自满 英sufficient means to meet one s needs 例The local isolation and the economic self sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns 译完全隔绝的当地居民和可以自给自足种植园经济与城镇的发展是对立的 中adj 甜的 英pleasing to the taste 例When they dried in this way they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter 译当它们以这种方式变干后 在整个冬天都保持自然的甜味和营养 中v 摇摆 英to propel oneself from one place or position to another by grasping a fixed support 例What we do know is that as we include longer time intervals the record shows increasing evidence of slow swings in climate between different regimes 译我们已经了解到的情况是 随着我们所记录的时间跨度的延长 这一记录提供了越来 越多的证据 这些证据证明了不同环境中的气候的缓慢变化 中n 漩涡 涡状形 v 使 成漩涡 盘旋 英a whirling or eddying motion or mass 例Some follow each other in solemn parades but others swirl about sideways and upside down 译其中一些动物彼此跟随着大规模地列队行进 而另外一些动物混乱地盘旋在周围或者 侧面 中n 房屋 住户 租户 英a buiding for human habitation 中n 凸榫 榫舌 v 用榫接合 英a projecting member in a piece of wood or other material for insertion into a mortise to make a joint 中n 课本 教科书 英a book used in the study of a subject 例Until 1979 it was just another astronomy textbook statistic 译在1979年之前 这还只是天文学教科书上的又一个统计数据 thereafter 音 标 er ft r 词 频 5 thorough 音 标 r 词 频 5 tightly 音 标 taitli 词 频 5 timer 音 标 taim r 词 频 5 toll 音 标 to l 词 频 5 toolmaker 音 标 tu lmeik r 词 频 5 topographical 音 标 t p r fikl 词 频 5 中adv 其后 从那时以后 英after that 例Indeed for many years thereafter the United States had two groups from which to chose either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of Europeans sculptors 译事实上 许多年之后 美国有两类人可以选择 当地的手艺人 或者是欧洲雕刻家这样 的从国外引进的人才 中adj 彻底的 英exhaustively complete 例Modern attitudes to Roman civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thorough disgusted 译从无限感动到深感厌恶 现代人对罗马文明的态度各不相同 中adv 紧紧地 坚固地 英having elements close together 中n 计时器 定时器 计时员 英one that times 例Yet despite this synchronization of the period of the internal cycle the animal s timer itself continues to have its own genetically built in period close to but different from 24 hours 译但是 尽管存在这些内部循环周期的同步性 从遗传的角度来说 动物的生物钟本身 仍然拥有其固定周期 这个周期接近24小时 但是不等于24小时 中n 代价 v 收费 英to exact as a toll 中n 工具工人 工具制造工 工具制造厂 英a skilled machinist trained in making and repairing tools and parts 例One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making implements flaked with a clockwise motion indicating a right handed toolmaker can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter clockwise rotation indicating a left handed toolmaker 译一条重要的证据链来自用于制造工具的石头产生的碎屑 沿着顺时针方向磨出来的器具 表明制作者是个右撇子 能和沿着逆时针方向磨出来的器具 表明制作者是个左撇 子 区分开来 中adj 地形学的 地质的 英of relating to or concerned with the artistic representation of a particular locality 例The images produced by the camera obscura a boxlike device that used a treeless 音 标 tri l s 词 频 5 trilobite 音 标 trail bait 词 频 5 triumph 音 标 trai mf 词 频 5 twine 音 标 twain 词 频 5 unaltered 音 标 n lt rd 词 频 5 pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground glass screen or a piece of white paper were already familiar the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice 译针孔照相机 一种盒状的装置 产生的影像已经为大家所熟知 它是一种使用小孔或 透镜将影像投射到毛玻璃屏或一张白纸上的盒状装置 这种装置已经为很多地貌风 景画家所用 例如意大利画家Canaletto在他所创作的威尼斯精致风景画中 使用了这 种装置 中adj 无树木的 英not wooded 例This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas Nebraska and the Dakotas 译这项法规显示 它对于一些居住在大部分地区没有树木的堪萨斯州 内布拉斯加州和 达科他州的农民很有帮助