大学英语定语从句.ppt

TheAttributiveClause 定语从句 1 定义 2 先行词 3 关系代词 关系副词 在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 antecedent 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 Who whom whose which that等 When where why等 关系代词和关系副词的作用 1 引导作用2 替代作用3 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 Eg 1 Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere 2 Thisisthehousewherehewasborn 3 Bill whowashereyesterday askedmealotofquestions 关系代词的用法 人 物 物 人 人 人 物 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 可省 不可省 关系副词的用法 时间 状语 否 地点 状语 否 原因 状语 否 判断下列引导词在句中的用法 Eg 1 Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie 2 Heisthemodelworkerwhom whoweshouldlearnfrom 3 Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords 4 ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest 5 Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends 指代 所作成分 是否可省略 6 Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon 7 Itwas11o clockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight 8 ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup 关系代词which和that的区别 A 关系代词必须用that的情形 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday ThisistheverybookthatI mlookingfor IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation Summarize 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况 1 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时 2 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 3 先行词是不定代词all few little much something nothing anything等 4 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 5 先行词既有人又有物时 B 指物时 作介词的宾语 关系代词只能用which Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe vehadsomuchdiscussion Practice 1 Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything hesawatthefront A whatB thatC whichD where2 Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 1992 A thatB whoC fromwhomD towhom3 Idon tlike youspeaktoher 1993上海 A thewayB thewayinthatC thewaywhichD thewayofwhich B D A Correctthefollowingsentences 1 ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen 2 That sallwhichwanttosay ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen That sallthatIwanttosay 3 Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop 4 Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich whowereunknowntousall 5 Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone 关系副词when where why的用法 1 Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether 2 Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked 3 Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate Summarize 在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which 在从句中作状语 When in at on which Where in at on which Why for which Practice 1 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek 1999 Isthatthereason youhadafewdaysoff A whyB whenC whatD where2 I mgoingtovisittheschool mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago A whereB thatC whichD what3 Doyoustillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing A whichB thatC whenD where A A C 关系副词when where和关系代词that which的区分同样是修饰一个地点 有时使用where 有时使用that which 同样是修饰一个时间 有时使用when 有时使用that which主要看 从句意思是否完整 完整的话需用关系副词 若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分 请比较以下句子 Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear 从句意思不完整需要加宾语 Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty 从句完整 只需加上特定的关系副词 That sthedatethatshewon tforgetforever That sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定义 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分 否则主句的意思不完整或不成立 非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明 去掉之后主句的意思照样完整 Comparethefollowingsentences Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscan tachievemuch There remanyplays that I dliketosee ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu whowasjusthere YesterdayMrBrownpaidavisittoHangzhou whichisfamousforitsWestLake Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry whichisverykindofthem Summarize 1 限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开 2 非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导 3 非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子 关系代词和人称代词 指示代词的选择 Hehasthreesons noneof isadoctor Hehasthreesons butnoneof isadoctor Hehasthreesons aredoctors Hehasthreesons aredoctors A whomB themC theyD who A D B C Practice 1 isknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth 2001 A ItB AsC ThatD What2 Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery ofgreatimportancetoscience 1998 A whichIthinkisB whichIthinkitisC whichIthinkitD Ithinkwhichis3 Ishallneverforgetthoseyears Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers hasagreateffectonmylife 1994上海 A that whichB when whichC which thatD when who B A B Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences 1 Underthebigtreeare34students manyofthemcomefromclasstwo 2 Mymotherhasagoodbook whichcoverlooksterrible 3 Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant 4 Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths 5 Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball 6 Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow 7 Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore 8 Thereisanoldwoman thatisholdingastick whom whose that are likes 去掉her 去掉it who 主动表示被动 某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义 如look smell taste feel prove wear sound等Theflowersmellssweet Thedishtastesdelicious Theclothfeelsverysoft Thestoneshavewornsmooth 2 某些及物动词后加副词 有些可不加副词 表示事物固有的属性或特征 也可以表示被动意义 如wash write sell read open cut lock peel pack play shut spot split strike record act clean draw iron keep photograph等Thistypeofrecordersellswell Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell Ripeapplespeeleasily Theplayswon tact Nylondriesquickly 6 Thenovelreadswell 7 Thedooropenswithdifficulty 8 Thewoodwon tburn 9 Waterheatsrapidly 10 Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily 11 Hercoatcaughtinthedoor onthenail 比较 1 Theboxdoesn tlock 这个箱子锁不上 箱子本身的性质 2 Theboxwasnotlocked 这个箱子没有上锁 箱子当时的状态 3 Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect 那个理论证明是正确的 含有自身证明的特征 4 Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect 那个理论被证明是正确的 被人证明 3 want need require 和beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义 Thebookisworthreading Thecoatrequiresmending Thechildrenneedslookingafter Thetablewantscleaning 那是不堪想象的 这规则需要下点功夫才能学会 某些作表语 expensive cheap difficult fit hard light heavy easy 的形容词后 用不定式形式表示被动意义 Theboxistooheavytolift Sheiseasytoapproach Thefishisnotfittoeat Heishardtoplease Thepassageisdifficulttoread Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy Therearealotofworktodo tobedone Therearealotofworkforustodo ThePassiveVoice被动语态 了解被动语态 被动语态构成 be P P 2 形式 1 一般现在时 am is are P P 1 英语中有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 2 一般过去时 was were P P 3 情态动词 be P P 4 一般将来时 will be p p 5 现在完成时 have has been P P 6 现在进行时态 is am are being P P 1 BananasaregrowninHainan 海南种植香焦 2 Manymoretreeswillbeplantedinourschoolnextyear 我们学校明年将种更多的树 3 Werethetreesplantedbyhim 这些树是他种的吗 4 Youngtreesmustbelookedafter 必须照看好小树 5 Thebuildingisbeingbuilt 那栋楼房正在建设中 6 Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet 家作已经做完了 1 HeteachesEnglishinourschool Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim 语态转换 宾提前变主 主变介by宾 被动be加done 时态看主动 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyears Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastyear 过去时的被动语态 was were P P 3 Weshouldplantmanymoretrees Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus 含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be PP 4 ShewillteachClass6 Class6willbetaughtbyher 将来时的被动语态 Will shall be PP 5 Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries 完成时的被动语 Have has been PP 现在进行时的被动语态 is being pp 6 SheisteachingClass6 Class6isbeingtaughtbyher Iwasgivenabookbyher Abookwasgiventomebyher 7 Shegavemeabook 如遇双宾语 最好变间宾 如若变直宾 间宾前to for pass lend buy write bring show tell 8 Hemademedothework Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim 这些动词真奇怪 主动句中to离开 被动句中to回来 feel listento hear lethave make lookat see watch 9 Theytakegoodcareofthebaby Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem 注意 含动词词组的被动语态 须将其看作一个整体 不可把它们分隔开来 1Stamps bypeopleforsendingletters A useB usingC usedD areused 2 Mustoldpeople topolitely A speakB spokenC bespokeD bespoken3 Bikemustn t everywhere A beupB beputC putC putting4 Thewomanfelloffthebikeand ontheroad A layB waslainC liedD haslain D D B A 5 Theoldmanandthechildren inourcountry A musttakegoodcare B mustbetakegoodcareofC musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6 Alltreesmust wellwhenitisdry A bewaterB wateringC waterD bewatered7 Ithinktheshop No it sopen It atsix close closeBclosed closedC closed closesD isclosed closes D D D 将下列句子变为被动语态 每空一词 1 Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays Thework intwodays 2 TheyproducesilkinSuzhou Silk inSuzhou 3 ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong AnEnglishsong bythechildren 4 Youneedn tdoitnow It byyounow 5 LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek ANewYearCard mebyLucylastweek 6 Hemademedothatforhim I thatforhim 7 Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary Thisbook tothelibrary canbefinished isproduced willbesung needn tbedone wassentto wasmadetodo hasbeengiven Atrafficaccident happen justnow happened 2 连系动词 Link v 如 be look seem feel sound smell taste get turn become PekingOpera sound beautiful sounds 3 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候 Thepen write veryfast writes Thiskindofsweater sell well sells 1 不及物动词 vi 如 happen takeplace appear disappear 不用被动语态的动词 1 Largenumbersofplasticbags use inthesupermarketseveryday 2 ourcountry send upanotherman madesatellitelastyear 3 Musttheoldpeople speak topolitely 4 Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe take tothehospital 5 English speak inmanycounties areused Did send bespoken wastaken isspoken 6 Threequartersoftheworld sbooks write inEnglish 7 Thiskindofsweater sell well 8 Lesson50 teach nextweek arewritten sells Will betaught Fillintheblanksusingrightforms 1 Allthestudents ask tobringakitewiththemlastSunday 2 Aremanyways try tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees 3 Whatareonshowinthemuseum Somephotos take byAmericanchildren 4 Thiscoat wash well 9 Haveyoufoundyournecklace 偷 lastweek 6 I moften 警告 nottocopyothers homework 7 Hecouldn texplainwhydinosaurs 消失 8 I llhavemybike 修理 tomorrow 5 Musttheoldpeople speak topolitely 10 ThePRCwas 成立 onOctober1 1949 wereasked tried taken washes bespoken warned disappeared mended repaired stolen founded Thankyou Goodbye IndirectSpeech DirectSpeech and 一字不改地引用或复述别人的话 被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语 直接引语必须都放在引号中 其位置常在句尾或句首 用自己的话转述别人的话 被转述的部分就叫间接引语 间接引语不必用括号 一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法 原封不动引用别人的原话 原话在引号中 Takeoffyourboots hesaid Idon tknowwhereyourbikeis saidtheArab I msorry theprofessorsaidtotheclass butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough DirectSpeech 用自己的话转述别人所说的内容 通常以宾语从句的形式出现 当直接引语变为间接引语时 有关的人称 语序 时态 代词 时间状语 地点状语 和少数动词都要作相应的改变 IndirectSpeech 时态的变化 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时或不变 过去将来时 附 代词时间状语地点状语少数动词 that those there then go take could might hadto 时间状语 陈述句 引语前用that引导 有时也可以不用 Hesaid Iopenedthewindowthismorning Hesaidthatheopenedthewindowthatmorning Mysistersaid Wehavecleanedthefloor Mysistersaidthattheyhadcleanedthefloor Themanagersaidtome Youmustgotherenextweek ThemanagertoldmethatIhadtogotherethenextweek Thegirlsaid Icandomyhomeworkmyself Thegirlsaidthatshecoulddoherhomeworkherself 如直接引语是客观真理 变为间接引语时 时态不变 Theteachersaidinclass Themoonmovesaroundtheearth Theteachersaidinclassthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth 陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构 Asaidthat AtoldBthat Thegirlsaidthatshecoulddoherhomeworkherself ThemanagertoldmethatIhadtogotherethenextweek 一般疑问句 变为间接引语后 要用陈述语序 主语先写 用if或whether引导 时态等作相应变化 Heasked Canyouhearme Heaskedif whetherIcouldhearhim Theteacherasked Haveyoureadthisbook Bob TheteacheraskedBobif whetherhehadreadthatbook Shesaidtome Willyougotherewithme Sheaskedmeif whetherIwouldgotherewithher Sheasked Didyouseethefilmyesterday Peter SheaskedPeterif whetherhehadseenthefilmthedaybefore Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow JoanaskedKate JoanaskedKateif whethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday 一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构 Aaskedif whether AaskedBifwhether Heaskedif whetherIcouldhearhim TheteacheraskedBobif whetherhehadreadthatbook 特殊疑问句 变为间接引语后 仍用原来的疑问词引导 用陈述语序 时态等作相应变化 Whendidtheybuildthisbridge sheasked Sheaskedwhentheybuiltthatbridge Theteacheraskedher Whydidyoucomelate Theteacheraskedherwhyshecamelate RobertaskedAlice Whereismydictionary RobertaskedAlicewherehisdictionarywas Mrs Billaskedhim Whichbookdoyoulikebest Mrs Billaskedhimwhichbookhelikedbest 特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构 Aasked 原句疑问词 AaskedB 原句疑问词 Sheaskedwhentheybuiltthatbridge Mrs Billaskedhimwhichbookhelikedbest 祈使句 改为间接引语后 就成了以不定式短语形式出现的宾语补足语 动词常是ask tell order advise warn remind等 Hesaidtothegirl Doitatonce Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce Mrs Hillsaid pleasesingatourparty Mary Mrs HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty Shesaidtome Don tsmokeintheclassroom Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom Hesaid Let sgofishingtomorrow Hesuggestedgoingfishingthenextday 祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构 sbtodosth AtoldB not todo AaskedB not todo Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce Mrs HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty 二 祈使句改间接引语后是 sb not todosth结构注意以下几点1 said saidto要变成asked told order等可跟不定式作宾补的动词 2 呼语变宾语 please要去掉 感叹句直接引语 变化前 Hesaid HowhappyIam 间接引语 变化后 Hesaidthathewasveryhappy Hesaidhowhappyhewas Whatacleverboyyouare sheexclaimed Shetoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas Shetoldhimthathewasacleverboy 由直接引语转变为间接引语 有时会引时态的变化 注意以下几个方面 1 主句动词为一般现在时 现在完成时或一般将来时 在转述直接引语过程中可以不作任何时态改变 直接引语Sheoftensays Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw 间接引语Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw 由直接引语转变为间接引语 下列情况时态不变1 不变的真理 Theteachersaidtothestudents Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0 Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0 2 经常的习惯 强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时 Hesaidtothedoctor Ismoketwopackseveryday Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday 3 历史事件 直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间做状语时 Theteachersaid WorldWar endedin1945 TheteachersaidthatWorldWar endedin1945 4 部分情态动词 如must oughtto usedto hadbetter等 Shesaidtome Youmusthurryup ShesaidthatImusthurryup Heoftensays Ishalltellyouaboutthem Heoftentellsmethat willtell about I you themB he me themC he you usD I me you B 例题 2 Youmustsaytoher Idependonyouandhim Youmusttellherthat dependon and A I you himB she you meC you her himD you me him C 例题 3 Ishalltellhim Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice Ishalltellhimthat havewrittento and twice I him herB you him herC I you meD you me her A 例题 4 Jacksaidtome Youlookworriedtoday Jacktoldmethat worried helooks todayB youlook todayC welooked thatdayD Ilooked thatday D 例题 5 Theysaidtous Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse Theyaskedus afraidtoleave house thatwerewe thisB thatwewere thatC ifwerewe thisD ifwewere that D 例题 6 DoyouknowEnglish heasked Heaskedif English IknewB youknowC heknewD Iknow A 例题 7 Janesaid Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago Janeasked about thatheheard aweekagoB ifheheard theweekagoC whathehadheard aweekagoD whathehadheard theweekbefore D 例题 8 Sheasked Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime Sheaskedwhosehouse breakinto willhe nexttimeB wouldhe thenexttimeC hewill nexttimeD hewould thenexttime D 例题 9 Jacksaidtoher Wheredoyouspendyourholidays Jackaskedherwhere holidays shespendherB youspendyourC shespentherD youspentyour c 例题 10 Theteacheraskedher Doesthesunriseintheeast Theteacheraskedher thesun intheeast if riseB if risesC whether roseD whetherdid rise 例题 B 1 现在进行时态表将来go come leave get arrive meet seeoff takeoff return start fly stay etc e g I mleavingatseventonight 2 Whentheplane thetrain thebus meetingplan filmandprogrammeareusedasthesubject theseverbsshouldbeusedinsimplePresentTense e g TheplanetoLondonleavesat9 30tomorrowmorning Thefilmbeginsat6 00 3 Thepresenttenseisusedforthefutureinaclauseintroducedby when if before till until everytime bythetime assoonas themoment e g Weshallnotgooutforahikeifitrainstomorrow 一般将来时的被动语态用法例析一般将来时的被动语态是被动语态学习中的难点 也是重点 本文通过对若干典型例题的分析 对其进行了归纳和总结 希望对同学们有所帮助 1 基本结构一 shall will be done 经典例题1 Ipromisethatthismatter nextweek A willbetakencareB willtakecareofC willtakegoodcareD willbetakencareof 思路点拨 选D 从题干不难看出 一是从句中的thismatter和takecareof是被动关系 二是takecareof是固定搭配 不能拆开 三是相对于promise来说 takecareof是将要发生的动作 故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态 经典例题2 Thesedictionaries thelibraryagain byyou A willbetakenoutofB won tbetakenoutofC willtakeoutofD won ttakeoutof 思路点拨 选B 由题干结构及句意可知 此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态的否定式 另外 我们还应注意 其疑问式为Shall Will 主语 be done 或特殊疑问词 shall will 主语 be done 2 基本结构二 be am is are goingto be done 经典例题1 Theclass oneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear A isgoingtobeexaminingB aregoingtoexamineC isgoingtobeexaminedD aregoingtobeexamined 思路点拨 选D 题中theclass指全班同学 谓语动词应用复数形式 并且主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系 所以谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态 经典例题2 Anexhibitionofpainting attheartmuseumwhen