小升初英语知识点.doc

一一般现在时（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用usually通常,often常常,every每,sometimes有时，always总是，等词表示。（2）基本结构：分为两类：三单形式和非三单的形式。肯定句He/She/It三单形式+动词s/esEg:HeoftenwatchesTVafterschool.I/You/We/They非三单形式+动词原形Eg:TheyplayfootballFriday.否定句三单里含有doesnt+动词原形，Eg:HedoesntwatchTVafterschool.非三单里含有dont+动词原形Eg:TheydontplayfootballFriday.一般疑问句三单：Does+动词原形?Yes,does./No,doesnt.非三单：Do+动词原形?Yes,do./No,theydont.特殊疑问句三单：Whatdoeshe/she/it?Howdoeshe/she/it?非三单Whatdoyou/they?Howdoyou/they?(3)动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同）1一般情况+s如：walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾去y+iesfly-flies3.结尾是s,x，sh,ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does,have-has,go-goes小练笔：1.David_(clean)thewindowseveryFriday.2.Myparentsusually_(watch)TVintheevening.3._SuHaiandSuYang_(do)theirhomeworkeveryevening.?4.What(do)WangBingusuallydoafterschool?Heusually_(go)homeand_(draw)somepictures.二现在进行时,（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用now,look，listen，等词表示。（2）基本形式：肯定句：be+动词ingEg:Iamdoingmyhomework.You/We/Theyarereading.He/She/Itiseating.否定句：be动词后面加notEg:Heisnotdoingmyhomework.疑问句：be动词提前Eg:Ishereading?Aretheysweepingthefloor?（3）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing）一般情况直接+ingwalkwalking结尾是e的，要去e+ingcomecoming，dance-dancing有些单词双写尾字母+ingrun-running，sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting小练笔：1.Mysister_(read)anewpapernow.2.Listen!Whatthey(do)now?They_(sing).3.Look,I_(play)theviolin.三.一般过去时（1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用lastweek,lastnight,last,justnow,amomentago,twoweeksago,ago,yesterday等词。（2）过去式基本结构肯定句动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句didnt+动词原形Ididntgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句Did+动词原形?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑问句Whatdid+动词原形?Whatdidyoudolastnight?（3）词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以e结尾的直接+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudystudied,cry-cried有些要双写尾字母+edstopstopped不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式am/iswasarewerehave-hadgo-wentdo-didget-gotsit-satsee-sawrun-raneat-atesleep-sleptsay-saidgive-gavemake-madering-rangwrite-wrotefly-flewcome-camedraw-drewtelltoldknow-knew小练笔：1.I(have)abirthdaypartylastweek2.We(donot)watchTVlastnight.3.What_you_(do)yesyerday?I_(milk)cows.四、a.an.the的用法(1)单词的第一个读音是元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)或者读音的用an,不是元音字母的用a：Eg:anegg,anEnglishlesson,apineapple,ahamburger.(2).the的用法：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。第二次提到一件实物要用the.Eg:playtheguitar,playvolleyball,thefirstofMay,Thisisanapple,theappleisonthedesk.小练笔：1.Thisis_interestinglesson.2.Ioftenplay_piano,sometimesIplay_basketball.3.Thisis_firstdayofthenewterm.4.Thatis_elephanttoy,_toyisverylovely.五.介词的用法（1）at的用法:几点前面用at如：atsixoclock,没有day的节日前用at如：atChristmas,固定词组attheweekends，atnight，attheparty，lookat,athome,atschool等。（2）on的用法:星期几前用on如：onMonday，日期前用on如：onthe15thofJuly带有Day的节日前用on如：onNationalDay,固定词组onduty,onthewall,turnon,geton等。（3）in的用法:早晨，中午，晚上前用in：inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，月份前用in.穿什么衣服用in,如：theboyinthewhiteshirt，固定词组inthetree，inEnglish等。(4)其他介词的固定搭配：turnoff(关电器)，takeoff(脱下)，thegirlwithbigeyes(有着大眼睛的女孩，五官前用with),playwith(和.玩.),listento,dressupincostumes,giveto,taketo,askto,showto小练笔：1.Peopledressupincostumes_Easter.Its_the31stofOctober.Its_October.2.Pleaselooktheblackboard.Dontlistentheteacher.3.Wegotoschoolseven.Showthesepicturesourteacher.六.情态动词有：can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。助动词有：do(does,did)这些词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）小练笔：1.Itmeansyoushouldnt_here.(smoking)2.Thegirlcan_(dancing)beautifully.3.Didyou_(watch)themoonlastMidAutumnFestival?七.人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey用在句首宾格meusyouhimheritthem用在句尾和动词后面形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir后面要加名词名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheris后面不要加名词小练笔：1.Tom,wheres bike?Isthisblackbike ?No,itisnt . (my,mine,your,yours)2.Can help ?Yes, can.(her,she,I,you)3.Whereis_ photo?Isthatyours?No,thatsnot _.(I)八、therebe结构Therebe结构就是thereis,thereare,意思是“有”(1)肯定句：Thereis+单数或不可数名词Thereare+复数注：如果有,里面既有单数又有复数，要遵循就近原则，看靠therebe最近的单数还是复数，单数用thereis，复数用thereare.如：Thereisapenandsomepencils.Therearesomepencilsandapen.(2).一般疑问句（有吗？）:Isthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.Arethere?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.4.否定句（没有）：Thereisnta.Therearentany.注：some用在肯定句中，any用在否定句和疑问句中小练笔：1.There_somewaterinthebottle.2.Therearent_pencils.Herearesomepencilsforyou.3.There_twopies,ahamburgerandsomejuiceonthedesk.九like,和wouldlike的用法-后面跟名词要用复数如：likepandas,likebuses(1)Like-后面跟动词要用动名词ing形式如：likeswimming-加名词直接加如：Wouldyoulikeapie?Yes,please./No,thanks.(2)wouldlike-加动词要用to如：Iwouldliketobuysomemasks.Yes,Idliketo./No,Iwouldntliketo.小练笔：1.Theboylikes_.(toyandpie)2.Myfatherlikes_.(playfootball)3.Wouldyoulike_(go)tomybirthdayparty.十祈使句肯定句：Sitdownplease.Letsgotothepark.回答一般是：Allright.否定句直接在前面加Dont：Dontsitdown,please.回答也是：Allright.（注：祈使句中动词用原形）小练笔：1.Lets_(dance)together.2._climbthetree.(not)十一.字母的大小写（1）一般来说句子首字母要大写，其他字母都是小写。（2）一些特定的单词首字母也要大写。星期：Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.月份：January,February节日：SpringFestival,MayDay.人名：Helen,Nancy,Jim.表示国名、某国人、某种语言的单词：America,English.地名：Nanjing,Shanghai,ChunjiangPrimarySchool专有名词：Walkman,theGreatWall,I小练笔:抄写下列句子并加上合适的标点1.DOYOUEANTTOGOTOBEIJINGONNATIONALDAY._2.MYBIRTHDAYISONTHESECONDOFAPRIL._3.HELENANDJIMWENTTOTHEGREATWALLLASTSUNDAY._4.iamfromshanghai,mikeisfromEngland._5.wouldyoulikeawalkmanasyourbirthdaypresent._十二、特殊疑问句与一般疑问句（1）一般疑问句一般以这些词开头：is,are,am,do,does,did,cancant.回答都是Yes./No,后面加上疑问句前两个单词的颠倒。如：Doeshehaveanyhobbies?Yes,hedoes.Canyouplaytheguitar?No,Icant.(2)特殊疑问句的回答是以疑问代词问的内容来定的Whatisthat?Itsabook.问什么东西，以东西-书来回答hosshe?ShesNancy.问谁以人名来回答Whattime（时间）When(什么时候)Which（哪一个）Whose（谁的）Where（哪里）Howmany（多少）Howold（几岁）Howmuch（多少钱）How（怎么样去）十三.Be动词的用法：(1)Am-wasIs-wasAre-were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youarent.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisnt.用恰当的be动词填空。1.I_aboy._youaboy?No,I_not.2.Thegirl_Jackssister.3._yourbrotherintheclassroom?专项练习一用所给词的适当形式填空1._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_?(you)2.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_?(she)3.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)4.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)5.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it)6.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they)6.What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.12.The