初中英语初一介词.doc

第十七讲 介词 姓名_学校_年级_【学习目标】掌握7年级的介词用法 及其固定搭配【知识要点】 介词讲解介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表时间的介词by, in, on ,over, with其他介词like, with, without, from, next, to一介词的概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，不能单独使用。二一些常用的介词的区别： in, to, on在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。 如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如： North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示： （1）时间的一点、时刻等。如： They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。 如： He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival）. 2. in指时间表示： （1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。如： in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在以后”。 如： He will arrive in two hours. 谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在以内”。如： These products will be made in a month. 注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后，但其后的时间是“一点”，而不是“一段”。 如： He will arrive after 6 oclock. 3. on指时间表示： （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,如： On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如： He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. （3）准时，按时。如： If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指时间表示： （1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如： He will come by six oclock. （2）在间，在的时候。如： He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。如： Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在旁边”的意思。如： He was sitting beside her. 3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。 如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1. at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方。如：arrive at，接小地方 I will wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。如： He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点：arrive in 接较大地方 如： He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。 如： The picture was hanging on the wall. . besides, except, but表示“除外”之间的区别 1. besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。如： Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了） 注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如： We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去） 3. but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。如： Nobody knew it but me.This is nothing but a piece of cake. . above, over, on, up表示“在上”之间的区别 1. above指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。 如： Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。 如： The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。 如： There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如： Please stand up with, from, for, at表示原因的区别 1. with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。 如： The little girl was shivering with cold. 2. from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。如： She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。 如： I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。 如： At the news they felt very glad. for和of的用法区别试比较：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。 by，with，in的用法区别by表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某种交通工具；with指借助于具体的手段或工具；in 表示以.方式，用语言，文字等媒介。 after和 in 的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后的意思。其区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。 如：I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.3、 介词词组1)ask for 向要,请求 2)ask for leave 请假 3)send for 派人去请(叫) 4)pay for 付的款 5)wait for 等候 6)thank for 为感谢 7)look for 寻找 8)leavefor 离开去 9)catch up with 赶上 10)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见 11)filledwith 把装满 12)talk about 谈论 13)think about 考虑 14)worry about 担忧 15)look after 照料 16)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑 17)read after 跟读 18)smile at 对微笑 19)knock at 敲(门,窗) 20)hear of 听说 21)think of 认为,考虑 22)instead of 代替 23)hand in 交上来 24)hear from 收到来信 25)at once 立刻 26)at last 最后 27)at first 起先,首先 28)at the age of 在岁时 29)at the end of 在之末 30)at the beginning of 在之初31)at the foot of 在脚下 32)at the same time 同时 33)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 34)with the help of 在的帮助下 35)with a smile 面带笑容 36)after a while 过了一会儿 37)from now on 从现在起 38)far away from 远离 39)by the way 顺便说 40)by the end of 到底为止 41)in all 总共 42)in fact 事实上 43)in a hurry 匆忙 44)in the middle of 在中间 45)in time 及时 46)in front of 在前面 47)in the end 最后,终于 48)in turn 依次 49)of course 当然 50)a bit (of) 有一点儿 51)a lot of 许多 52)on ones way to 某人在去的路上 53)on foot 步行,走路 54)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 【经典练习】1.介词填空(1)We have shirts _red,blue and yellow. The girl _red is my cousin.(2)We have no bread_our breakfast.(3)My father buy me a beautiful bike.=My father buy a beautiful bike _)me.(4)Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo _ me.(5)Tom gives me a nice bag.=Tom gives a nice bag_me.(6)I like to stay _bed on Sunday. (7)There are some toys _ the bed.(8)There are three birds_- the tree. (9)There are many apples _ the apple tree.(10)I often buy some things _that shop near my house.(11)There is a window _the wall. (12)There is a map _the wall.(13)That young man tried to sell that watch_ me.(14) She often goes to see Beijing Opera _her father.(15)I have no money_ me. (16)She often helps me _my English.(17)Whats wrong _you? (18)She writes _a pen.(19)The boy _short hair is my brother. (20) What is this _ English?(21)Im sorry.I am not_.=Im sorry.I am at home now.(22).Im Class Three. Are you_Class Three，too?(23)Sounds _ fun. (24) You can join us_the football game.(25)You are good _English.=You do well _English.(26)_the back of the photo ,there is a V. (27) Welcome_our school!(28).I am interested _Chinese very much.(29)I got _Beijing on Sunday.=I arrived _Beijing on Sunday.(30)Dont be late_school .(31)You can describe the map _-your own words (32)He likes writing _ink (墨水)(33) We have black and blue hats _$15. =We sell black and blue hats _the price of $15.(34)come and buy some clothes_ you _the great sale.(35)This house is_sale! (36)Is that book _sale in you store? = Do you sell that book?(37) Hollywood is famous_ the movies and the movie stars.(38) The girl is playing_a yo-yo.(39)He goes to work _car = He goes to work_the car = He drives a car _work.(40)He goes to school _ bus = He goes to school_the bus =He takes a bus _work.(41)He goes to school_ foot = He walks_ school.(42)Its time _me to have breakfast. =Its time _ my breakfast.(43) Michael Jordan is famous _ a basketball player.(44)She _her father often goes to see Beijing Opera _ weekends.(45) He doesnt like math, because its too difficult _him.(46) He does Chinese kung fu _an hour every day.(47) I want a pair of sports shoes.=I want a pair of shoes _sports.(48) You can be _ our swimming club.(49) He comes _Canada.=He is _Canada.(50) He only watches sports _TV. (51) Can you help me fill _my calendar?(52)Are you good _kids ？ (53)Jim is good _English?(54)Eating vegetables is good _health(健康).(55)We want two good musicians_our rock band.(56)Please call Bill _790-4230. (57)We need help_our Beidaihe School Trip.(58)That little girl needs some bread _breakfast.(59)Then you can be _our school music festival.(60)What time is it _ your watch?(61) Last night I arrived _ Hangzhou railway station.(62)He eats breakfast _noon=He eats breakfast _the middle of the day(63)Mike always takes the number 3 bus_the park.(64)He likes brushing his teeth_dinner.(65)He is busy_the housework every Saturday.=He is busy doing the housework every Saturday(66)His mother is strict _him _his English studies.(67)The movie is boring and he is tired _it. (68)You can ask your English teacher _that question.(69)_ Childrens Day, all the children are very happy.( 70 ) Come and see _yourself _Huaxing Clothes Store.2.单项选择（1）_ the photo _your family. A Thank of , for B Thanks for ,of C Thank you , of D Thanks of for（2） Its an action movie,and Jet Li is _the movie. A at B in C with D for（3）He is kind _ me. A. onB. to C. fromD. with（4）I have breakfast _ 6:30 every morning. A. at aroundB. around atC. in around D. around in【课后作业】1. 用介词填空。1._the theatre2. _ Beijing3. _ the cinema 4._ the farm 5._ school6. _ home 7._ the park 8. _ the library 9. _ the stadium10. _ 1994 11._ November 12._ 15:0013._ Sunday morning 14._ 6:30 15. _ Monday 16._ January 17. _ May, 1 18._ my birthday19. _ weekend 20._May, 1, 2006 21._ the playground 22._my birthday party 二. 选择最佳答案。1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on4.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till5. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. inD. for6. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for7. The supermarket is still open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 9. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in10._ New Years Eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. At B. On C. For D. In11. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /12. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. of 13. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides14. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at15. Do you often listen _the program _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on