初高衔接(阅读理解题材篇之科技篇).doc

精锐教育学科教师辅导教案学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： XX授课类型T 阅读-科技篇星 级教学目标T能力-阅读 科技篇 The only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic callsUS researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on MarsIn a study of elderly men and women，those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkageLook at the pictures above, do you want to know more? Please read the next passages科技词汇教你如何表达advanced science 尖端科学 scientific invention 科学发明 double-edged sword 双刃剑 earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 lay a solid foundation for 为打下良好的基础 energy crisis 能源危机 depletion of resources 能源消耗 milestone 里程碑 sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 technical innovation 科技创新 over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 exhaust gas 废气 disastrous 灾难性的 compared to/with 与相比 cure-all solution 万能良药 portable 便携的 innovative 创新的 cutting-edge 尖端的 cost-effective 性价比高的 pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 exert a far-reaching impact on 对产生一种深远的影响 be addicted to/be obsessed with 对着迷/上瘾 technological progress/advances 科技进步 be accessible to 容易获得的 例句：Radio broadcasting is accessible to the audience with no charging fee. with the advent of 随着的到来 例句：With the advent of advanced technology 随着高科技的到来 pay a heavy price for sth. 为付出惨痛的代价 例句：Human being has paid a heavy price for the its curiosity. （A）US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.This is the first unambiguous evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars, said Boulders research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago.Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta.Finding shorelines is a holy grail of sorts to us, said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, that featured a bombardment of large meteors and extensive flooding.The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.批注：文章难度较大，可以给学生先学习一下单词和短语，然后让学生去阅读文章，长句可以让学生试着去划分一下主谓宾，这样可以逐渐锻炼学生对句子成分分析的能力，同时提高阅读速度。 词汇拓展 uncover 揭露，发现 date back 追溯 unambiguous 清楚的，明白的 analysis 分析 canyon 峡谷 postdate 填迟的日期 I. Comprehension1. The finding on Mars may _.2. This passage can be adapted from _.3. The discovery of the lake on Mars is one of facts that there can exist _ on Mars by far.4. What can scientists estimate about the Mars from the discovery?5. How many years do scientists believe that surface of the Mars has a history of？6. When did the newly discovered lake on Mars form according to the passage?7. What may deltas next to the lake provide for people?II. Translation1. 火星上湖的发现引起了巨大轰动。 （discovery）2. 她在电影业中创造了一个成功的事业。 （carve out）3. 科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍。 （calculate）4. 他答应四点钟来，课可是六点钟才到。 （appear）KEYS:.1. evidence of life billions of years ago 2. Geological Science3. shore lines4. Science can estimate the size, the volume, and the history of the lake and so on.5. About 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years.6. The newly discovered lake is believed to dare from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years.7. Deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars.1. The new discovery of the lake on Mars caused a great sensation.2. She carved out a very successful career in the film industry.3. Scientists have calculated that the worlds population will double by the end of the century.4. He promised to be here at four oclock but didnt appear until six.（B）UCLA scientists report for the first time on the only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans. Known asHuia cavitympanum, the frog lives only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo.Ultrasounds are high-pitched sounds more than 20 kilohertz (kHz)in frequency,which exceeds the upper limit of sounds detectable by humans and is far higher than the 5 to 8 kHz frequencies most amphibians, reptiles and birds are capable of hearingor producing. Key parts of the ear must be specially adapted to detect ultrasounds.The frogs can hear sounds up to 38 kilohertz, the highest frequency any amphibian species has been known to hear, the scientists report. Humans can hear up to about 20 kHz and typically talk at2 or3 kHz.While most of the more than 5,000 frog species worldwide have eardrums that are flat on the side of the head, Huia cavitympanum has eardrums recessed in the side of the skull, similar to mammals.Peter Narins, UCLA distinguished professor of physiological science and of ecology and evolutionary biology, and Victoria Arch, a UCLA graduate student in ecology and evolutionary biology, spent several nightsin the remote area where the frogs live.We had very little information suggesting that they would be in this location, said Arch, lead author of the study. We found them our first night out.The study was published April 29 in the online journal PLoSONE, a publication of the Public Library of Science, and is available at /10.1371/jounal.pone.0005413.批注：此篇文章较短，但是难度较大，首先要鼓励学生去读，很多学生对科普类的会比较害怕，要告诉学生如何去做这类文章，掌握相关的技巧和方法。词汇拓展species 物种，种类 ultrasonic 超声的；超音波的，超音速的 exceed 超过；超越adapt to 适应 amphibian 两栖动物 distinguished 杰出的I. Comprehension 1. Huia cavitympanum live _.2. This kind of newly found frog can hear each other with up to _ kHz ultrasounds.3. If people can hear ultrasounds as frogs do, they should be equipped with _.4. According to the passage how do you think the result of study comes?5. Where do you think this passage probably appears?II. Translation 1. 这首诗流露出作者对我们祖国的热爱之情。 （communicate）2. 这家人都是老弱病残，完全靠救济生活。 （live on）3. 这家旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿。 （up to）4. 早期的报告暗示会议可能在周日召开。 （suggest） key:only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneomore than 38a pair of good enough ears like frogs.I think that the result of the study is obtained with difficultyI think that this passage probably appears on the website.This poem communicates the authors enthusiasm about our motherland.The family are all the old and weak and completely live on relief.The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.Earlier reports suggested that the meeting would be held on Sunday.（C）Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.That may seem like bad news, said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in DetroitHowever, he explained，the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the reserve hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researches found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage, Coffey said. People lose （on average） 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood. There is, however, a remarkable range of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.词汇拓展deterioration 恶化；变坏；退化；堕落 withstand 经受，承受cognitive 认知的；认识的 in essence 本质上shrinkage 收缩，皱缩 diabetes 糖尿病1. What will not happen if people receive more education?A. Their fluid i