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Unit 11UnitStudent Success UnitUNIT PREVIEWIn this unit, you will:Contentu discover how successful students prepare for testsu discover how to become an active reader and learn a five-part reading systemVocabulary Skillsu use two-word verbs to discuss tests and test-taking u use words and expressions to talk about college-level reading and reading techniquesReading Skillsu identify details in a readingWriting Skillsu write about test preparationResearch Skillsu evaluate search results about tests on the InternetText AStudent SuccessPart One Before You ReadShort SurveyThe tests that I like best are: true/false tests multiple-choice tests short-answer tests essay tests oral-exams：spokennot written others_ (Answers will vary.)What Do You Think? What are the most difficult things about school for you? Read the items in this list. Circle the answers that are true for you. And then discuss with your partner the strategies (techniques) you use to help make these things easier.3 = very difficult 2 = somewhat difficult 1 = not difficult 0 = doesnt apply to me1Reading textbooks 3 2 1 02Writing papers3 2 1 03Speaking in class3 2 1 04Studying for tests3 2 1 05Memorizing information3 2 1 06Taking tests3 2 1 07Doing research3 2 1 08Being away from home and family3 2 1 09Distractions(new friends, parties)3 2 1 010Others _ 3 2 1 0 (Answers will vary.)Part Two As You ReadBackground Link1. A Good Luck Charm A good luck charm is an object which is supposed to bring good luck to its carrier. Many cultures have beliefs about good luck charms and talismans which ward off evil and ill-fortune, ranging from carrying a rabbits foot to keeping a cage of crickets in the kitchen. People around the world wear and use good luck charms, even in the case of individuals who are not particularly superstitious. Depending on the region of the world where one lives, a good luck charm may be a particular object, or a random object which has come to be associated with good fortune. 护身符，是一种特殊的物品，人们相信随身佩戴可以给自己带来好运或驱邪避灾，护身符种类极多，依祈愿之意趣而有各种差别。处于不同文化的人对于护身符的理解也各不相同。2. Essay ExamThe essay exam is one of the most common forms of college writing. Its purpose is to give you an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to think critically about the themes and materials of the course; to make your own assessment of those themes and conflicting interpretations of them; to support your assessment using evidence from the texts, lectures, and precept discussion; to show how well you are able to connect the various materials of the course to the central themes of the course, and to each other. 论文式考试，是大学课程考试的重要组成部分。论文考试的目的是通过书写论文能够综合体现学生自身对于所学课程的理论、方法和应用方面的知识广度、深度和系统性的基本把握和灵活应用。Teachers Reference:Multiple ChoiceIt is a form of assessment in which respondents are asked to select the best possible answer (or answers) out of the choices from a list. The multiple choice format is most frequently used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections- when a person chooses between multiple candidates, parties, or policies. Multiple choice testing is particularly popular in the United States. 多项选择题Detailed Study of the Text1. Come to class ready to ask questions about what you dont understand. (Para.2) 句中“ready to ask questions about”为省略了“being”的现在分词做伴随状语，而且分词同谓语互为伴随情况。如：He lay reading a novel. 该句的完整表达为 Come to class being ready to ask question about what you dont understand.2. Essay exams require students to know more information than is required for multiple-choice, true / false, or short-answer exams. (Para.4) 比较级与than 连用，用于两者的比较，意即：比更。但是在该句中，than 可以看作关系代词，有时相当于than what。例如：She is more cautious than is supposed. (= than what). 文中该句则为：Essay exams require students to know more information than what is required for multiple-choice, true / false, or short-answer exams.Teachers Reference:1. Listen to the instructor from the first day of class for hints about what is important. (L4)Meaning: You should listen to the teacher from the very beginning ofthe course for the indications or any practical information about the course. 从上课第一天起，就要听老师讲关于什么 是重点的提示。hint: n. small piece of practical information or advice; tipeg. She will give some helpful hints for plant lovers. 她将给植物爱好者一些有益的指点。She gave me some useful hints on how to deal with the matter.她就怎样处理这件事给了我一些有益的指点。He has given no hint of his views.他一点儿也没有透露自己的观点。2. This is similar to when you have to find the way to a friends home for the first time. (L14). Meaning: Reading the material for the first time is like finding the way to a friends home for the first time. 这（第一次阅读材料）如同你第一次寻找去朋友家的路。be similar to: resembling sb. /sth. but not the same; alikeeg. The new project will be similar to that one already constructed in Beijing. 新的工程会与与北京建成的那个相似。Their house is similar to ours, but ours have a bigger garden.他们的房子和我们的差不多, 只是我们的花园大些. 3. Think positive thoughts about yourself and about the exam. (L36)Meaning: You should show confidence and optimism about yourself and about the exam. 想一想自己的优势和考试的积极意义。think positive thought: 在英语中这种动词形式叫同源宾语，同源宾语(cognate object)在英语中的运用非常广泛。它的构成有以下几种形式：1) 有些同源宾语与谓语动词同形。如：eg. She smiled her charming smile她迷人地微笑着The old man coughed a terrible cough老人咳嗽得很厉害。 She danced a charming dance她跳了一段迷人的舞蹈。 The woman dreamed a sweet dream那妇女做了个甜美的梦。 He sighed a deep sigh他深深地叹了一口气。 She sleeps a sweet sleep only on Sundays只有在周日她才能甜美地睡一觉。 He laughed a hearty laugh at the good news听到好消息后他开心地笑了。2) 有些同源宾语与谓语动词不同形。如：eg. He lives a happy life他过着幸福的生活。He sang a beautiful song他唱了首好听的歌。They fought a brave war(battle)他们打了一场英勇的战争(战役)。We went a long way(or a dangerous journey)我们走了很危险的旅程。He prayed an earnest prayer他虔诚地祈祷。Her son died a heros death in the war她儿子在战争中英勇牺牲了。3) 有些动词后的同源宾语常常省略，代之以一个表示情绪或态度等的名词。如：eg. He danced his joy(=danced his dance of joy，showed his joy by dancing)他高兴得手舞足蹈。 He sighed disappointment(=He sighed his sigh of disappointment)他失望地叹了口气。He smiled his welcome(=He smiled his smile of welcome)他微笑表示欢迎。He bowed his thanks(=showed his thanks by bowing)他鞠躬表示感谢。4) 有些同源宾语在最高级形容词后常常省略。如： eg. The fire blazed its brightest(blaze).大火异常明亮地在熊熊燃烧。He breathed his last(breath)他呼完了最后一口气。He did his best(deed)他尽了自己最大的能力，做到了最好。He fought his bravest(fight)他作战最勇敢。He laughed his loudest(laugh)他哈哈大笑。He ran his fastest(race)他在比赛中跑得最快。4. Some students have nightmares about missing an exam because the alarm didnt go off or they were too sleepy to get up. (L40)Meaning: Some students have frightening dreams about missing an exam because their alarm clock did not ring or they were too sleepy to get up. 一些学生会做噩梦梦见没能赶上考试因为闹钟没响或者太困了没能起床。nightmare: n. frightening dreameg. I have nightmares about falling off a cliff. 我做噩梦梦见从悬崖上摔了下来。Online Resources1. Evaluating URLs in Search Results about Taking TestsA Universal Resource Locator (URL- the website address) can be used for evaluating your search result. URL endings tell you the person or organization that is responsible for the site. These endings include:.com; .edu; .gov; .org. The ending “.com” usually means the site is for a store or a business. The ending “.edu” is for an educational institution, such as a college or university. The ending “.gov” is used by government agencies, and “.org” is for nonprofit organizations such as charities.Read the following URLs to decide if the website has information about taking tests. http:/www. /asc/ssl/tests.general.html2. Types of TestTests come in different types, forms, sizes and require different amount of time. Some people love tests more than essays, while others would rather spend hours writing an essay than thirty minutes taking an exam. The following websites offers the main types of tests given in school and by the education testing centers. Related websites:/articles/23.html/curriculum/assessment/typestests.htm /typesoftests.htm /tutorials/testing/testing-types.html3. Good Luck Charms and Symbols from Around the WorldYou may be familiar with good luck charms from your own culture, but what about other symbols of luck from around the world? Some of these symbols are seen as lucky. Other symbols as seen as having the ability to bring good fortune. Different cultures also have symbols for symbols for warding off badfortune or luck. A couple of these symbols are seen as wish makers. Here are the most popular symbols of luck from around the world. Related websites:/article/643297/27_popular_good_luck_charms_and_symbols.html/goodluckpieces.html////store/cart.php?target=product&sns_mode=featured_product&product_id=4687&category_id=255 PracticeTo practice evaluating URLs, follow these steps. Do a search for “taking essay tests” or “improving test scores” Look at the URLs on the first page of your results. Pick one or two results that you think will have good information. Go to the websites and check them out. Were you right? Look at some websites that you think come from a business. (These are often on the right-hand side of the page.). Were you right? If you can, print your search results page. Circle the useful URLs and underline the ones that werent useful. Bring the page to the class and discuss your experience.(Answers will vary.)Teachers Reference1. Test Taking Strategies for Short Answer and Essay TestsBy preparing a plan to approach exams, students give themselves a big boost. Here are some strategies on how to do well on short answer and essay tests. /./Test_Strategies_Short_Essay/:2. Ten Tips for Test TakingExamples of subjective texts are short answer, essay, or oral exams . the more tests you take, the better you will develop your test taking strategies. /tsttak1.htm3. IQ TestsThe only club in the world, where you can test your IQ in a relaxed club atmosphere! Test your Intelligence Quotient FREE now and see how smart you are! /iq-test-intelligence.php3Grammar FocusI. Grammar Focus 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态是不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。其构成为be+过去分词。例如： They will widen the road.(主动) The road will be widened.(被动) 被动语态各种时态形式如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis askedareamis being askedarehas been askedhave过去was askedwerewas being askedwerehad been asked将来shall be askedwillshall have been askedwillTeachers Reference:II. Supplementary Exercises1. Yesterday, Peter _ a ticket for speeding.A. gaveB. had been givenC. was givenD. was gave2. New officers _ by our club when we hold our next meeting.A. electedB. will be electedC. expect to electD. will elect3. Since the first space mission, many communication satellites_.A. was launchedB. are launchedC. had been launchedD. have been launched4. What kind of advice _to you?A. has gaveB. was gaveC. has been givenD. has given5. The boy _by the peddler to carry goods for him. A. was made useB. made usedC. was made use ofD. made use of6. He returned at midnight and found his house_.A. had broken intoB. had been broken intoC. to be broken intoD. was broken inKeys: 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.BPart Three After You Read Helping You UnderstandI. Reading Comprehension. Fill in the bubble for each correct answer.1. The passage is mainly about _.A. how to do well during testsB. how to do well before testsC. some suggestions from teachers on how to do well on testsD. some suggestions from students on how to do well on tests2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. To prepare well for an exam, you must prepare throughout the term and right before the exam.B. To prepare well for an exam, you must read the material more than twice and take notes.C. To prepare well for an exam, you must play the role of teacher.D. To prepare well for an exam, you must prepare for essay exams only.3. Which type of exams require more information from students?A. Multiple-choice exams.B. True/false exams.C. Essay exams.D. Short-answer exams.4. Before taking notes, why should the material be read twice?A. When the material is read twice, you will get more familiar with it.B. When the material is read twice, you will find the way to your friends home more easily.C. When the material is read twice, you wont slow down as much to check street names or landmarks.D. When the material is read twice, you will take notes.5. What will a study group do to your study?A. The whole group will learn from you.B. You will find the similar question to those your friend finds.C. You will help the group remember the material better.D. You will see the missed points when you were studying better.6. According to the author, what is the function of a good luck charm?A. It may help you get good luck in the exams.B. It may help you get enough sleep.C. It has no use at all.D. It wont hurt you though its functions are not very clear.Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.DThe passage is about suggestions on how to do well on tests. It can be divided into two parts.Part I: Giving the main topic (para1)Paragraph1: The passage is about the suggestions on how to do well on tests.Part II: (para2-14)In this part, the author divides the suggestions into two parts:Part 1 (para2- 9) the suggestions throughout the semester.Part 2 (para10-14) the suggestions before the exams.II. Text Organization: Main Idea （with keys underlined）III. Vocabulary Exercises hint landmark retain positiveemphasize focus pretend charmTask A: Complete each of the sentences below with the correct word in the box . （with keys underlined）1. Their aim was to create films which have a positive impact on society.2. The meeting agreed on a campaign that focused on economic issues.3. The American boy regards the red Chinese knot as his charm . 4. The calm sea gives no _hint of the coming storm.5. To prepare for an exam, try to imagine that you are a teacher. If you _pretend that you are the teacher, you will understand what the teacher wants you to know.6. The tower of Big Ben is a London _landmark .7. If you want to _retain youthful vigor, you have to take regular exercise.8. College students should lay more _emphasis on the study of English.Task B: Match the words with their definitions on the right.Column A Column B1. multiplea. a half-year term2. essayb. definite; allowing no room for doubt 3. semesterc. an idea or plan put forward for consideration4. positived. giving one thing and receiving another in return5. alarme. a terrifying experience or prospect6. suggestionf. a short piece of writing on a particular subject7. nightmareg. involving several parts8. exchangeh. cause (someone) to feel frightenedKeys: 1.g 2.f 3.a 4.b 5.h 6.c 7.e 8.dIV. Structure ExercisesTask A: Rewrite the sentences according to the model, by using “when” structure. （with keys underlined） Go to the room early so that you will be relaxed and comfortable by the time the instructor passes out the exam paper.Go to the room early so that you will be relaxed and comfortable when the instructor passes out the exam paper.Model:1. I got home, and at that time they were having dinner.Key: They were having dinner when I got home. 2. Grandma was reading and during that time she fell asleep.Key: Grandma fell asleep when she was reading._3. He entered the room and the meeting was going on.Key: He entered the room when the meeting was going on._ 4. He was crossing the street and at that time he was knocked down by a car.Key: He was crossing the street when he was knocked down by a car. 5. At the time he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.Key: When he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. Task B: Rewrite the sentences according to the model, by using the passive voice. （with keys underlined） When you read the material the first time, it may seem difficult.When the material is read for the first time, it may seem difficult.Model:1. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision session. The pupils is being kept at school for a revision session(by the teacher).3. China has established