cet4预测1.doc

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是3. 我对网络教育的评价Online EducationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day.The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today, said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. They are relics (纪念物)of different historical periods still found in our kitchens.Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day lraq, began fermenting(发酵)beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer, Standage noted. Its the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. Its as simple as that.Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning.Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted, said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis.The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread, Standage added. It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today its the drink of the working man, and it was then as well.WineWine may be as old or older than beerthough no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first wine as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures.To make wine you have to have fresh grapes, said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. for beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time.Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid.Wine may be easier to make than beer, but its harder to store, Bisson added. For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch fermenting grape juice as wine on its way to becoming vinegar.Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost, Bisson said. Beer just wasnt as special.SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚)sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britains American colonies.Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy, he explained. When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea of no taxation without representation originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea.Great Britains longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navys drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒),which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late 18th century.They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice, Standage said. This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet.CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the Arab world.In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns(酒馆)both of which are banned by Islam, Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an anti-alcohol that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century.Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, heres a drink that sharpens the mind, Standage said. The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点)to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse.Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses.TeaTea became a daily drink in China around the third century A.D.Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China.Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman, Standage said. The sun never set on the British Empirewhich meant that it was always teatime somewhere.As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas. When you start packing people together in cities its helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea, which was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained.Coca-colaIn 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-colas a day.Today his soft drink is one of the worlds most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members.It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after OK, Standage said.The drink has become a symbol of the United Stateslove it or hate it. Standage notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.Coca-cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitalism and the emergence of America as a superpower, Standage said. Its globalization in a bottle.While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Standages employer), suggests that the soft drinks presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola.Its not because Coke makes people happy, but because its sales happen in the dynamic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people, Standage said.1. The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.2. The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.3. Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before.4. Greeks probably sampled the first wine as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes.5. The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer.6. Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independence movement in Britains American colonies.7. Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.8. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout _.9. During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is _.10. Coca-Cola has become a symbol of _.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.It seems you always forgetyour reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping.Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to label items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device.A spokesman for the project said: A car mechanic for 54 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 accident black spots or dangers on the road.In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.A allowB instanceC blankD industrialE frustratingF itemsG indicatingH highlight I userJ complicatedK whiteL annoyingM successfulN articlesO simpleSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Youre busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them as special cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.57. The main idea of this passage is that _ .A employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC college degrees can now be purchased easilyD employers are no longer interested in college degrees58. According to the passage, special cases refers to cases that _.A students attend a school only part-timeB students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD students attended a famous school59. We can infer from the passage that _ .A performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB experience is the best teacherC past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition60. This passage implies that _ .A buying a false degree is not moralB personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications61. The word phony (Line 13, Para. 2) means _ .A thorough C falseB ultimate D decisivePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, usedwhat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the information revolution, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.62. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _ .A it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB it can reflect the development of the nationC it helps understand the nations past and presentD it can demonstrate the nations civilization63. It can be learned from this passage that _ .A the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC the development of the symphony show