初三高一 从句.doc

从句一、教学内容：各种从句的总结及练习二、上课：（一）定语从句：定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对前面所修饰的名词或代词（先行词）起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对前面的先行词起补充说明作用。（有时非限制性定语从句还可修饰整个句子或句子中的一部分。）（二）宾语从句：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词性从句。因为它们在句法上相当于名词。三、重点掌握：1、定语从句引导词：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词：when, where, why 注意：关系代词在从句中必须充当某种成分；如：主语，宾语，表语。 关系副词在从句中必须充当状语。2、宾语从句的引导词：以that 引导（不作成分，常可省）；以if whether 引导；特殊疑问词引导；以what或wh-ever 等引导；（这时可把其引导的从句看作是先行词与其后定语从句的结合：what=the thing(s) that which： 的东西 事情；whatever=anything that：不管什么，无论什么；whoever=anyone who：无论谁；whichever=anyone anything that：任何的人事 Please tell me what(=the things that ) you know.请把你知道的都告诉我。If I were any younger, I would do whatever (=anything that)I am interested in. 我要是再年轻些，就会做我感兴趣的任何事情。 You can write about whatever whichever topic(=any topic that )you like. 你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。She will give whoever (anyone who) needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。注意：（1）从句一律要用陈述句语序。尤其注意引导词引导的时候。 （2）如果主句的谓语是过去时，那么从句中除了事实真理外，必须用和过去相关的时态。1、突破方法： 从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，建议同学们在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。在平日的练习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类整理，以备考前复习巩固。 2、解题思路：通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先将其恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定从句的性质（注意并列连词and，but的作用）；之后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。练习：1. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think.A. what B. which C. whom D. that 2. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 3. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how 4. Do you have anything to say for yourself?Yes, there is one point _ I must insist on. A. whyB. where C. how D. 5. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. A. thatB. whichC. what D. whom6. Could I speak to _ is in charge of the store, please?A. anyone B. someoneC. whoeverD. no matter who7. Would you please tell me _ you know is good at typing?A. whom B. whomever C. whose D. whoever8. I had an experience some years ago, and _ taught me something Ill never forget.A. as B. thatC. whatD. which9. What are you worrying about?_ you can return the book to me in time. A. If B. WhetherC. WhenD. Where10. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. As B. ItC. That D. What11. Only those _ knows well could be let in. A. who B. he C. thatD. what12. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of their homesB. all their homesC. whose all homesD. all of whose homes 13. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose14. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A. who B. when C. on whichD. which15. It seems that he has succeeded at last in the USA.Yeah, but you can never imagine _.A. what a hard life he has experienced B. what he has experienced a hard lifeC. he has experienced what a hard lifeD. what a hard life has he experienced16. Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others _ sounds bats in the dark_.A. what frightened, made B. how frightened, has madeC. what frightening, made D. how frightening, make17. Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday.A. which B. whenC. in whichD. what18. At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the Golden Triangle.A. thatB. whereC. whenD. what19. After _ was about ten minutes, the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question.A. thatB. it C. which D. what20. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what21. Would you tell me _ you want your tea, with sugar or milk?Sugar, please.A. whetherB. when C. whatD. how22. The first place _ we were taken to see was their library.A. that B. whichC. whatD. where23. Dont you believe me?_, I will believe _ you say.A. No, whateverB. Yes, no matter whatC. No, no matter whatD. Yes, whatever24. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. A. when B. that C. whoD. where25. Is there a cinema around _ I can see a film?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what答案：AACDD CDBBA BDBDA CADDD DADAC（三）状语从句：九种常见的状语从句及其常用的连接词：1时间状语从句：连接词：when, while, as, before, after, till, until, notuntil, as soon as , the moment, immediately, the first second last time, every time, each time2地点状语从句：连接词：where3原因状语从句：连接词：because, since, as区别项目位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because因为主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as 由于主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱不能不能since 既然主句前4. 条件状语从句：连接词：if, unless, so as long as, in case 5. 让步状语从句：连接词：although, though, while(尽管), even though, even if, 疑问词+ever 或no matter + 疑问词6. 结果状语从句： 连接词：so that, so that, such that (在非正式语言中，在它们引导的句子中that可省。) 7. 目的状语从句： 连接词：so that, in order that8. 方式状语从句： 连接词：as, as if, as though9. 比较状语从句：连接词：than, so as as 突破方法：1. 应首先具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连词的语义和语用特征。2. 解答这类题目时一定要头脑清醒，思维清晰。实际上，这类题是考查你能否在具体的语境中把握从句与主句的逻辑关系，从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际。3. 在平常学习中，收集一些结构复杂的长难句进行逻辑思维能力的专项训练是有益的，必要的。练习：1. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.A. as if B. as long asC. becauseD. in order that2. The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so3. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless4. Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because5. Are you ready for Spain?Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young.A. whileB. untilC. if D. before6. _ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although7. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. that B. which C. when D. where8. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. If B. While C. Because D. As 9. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.A. even if B. which C. where D. so that10. Mom, what did your doctor say?He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where11. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. when D. after12. We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table.A. sinceB. althoughC. untilD. before13. This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _.A. how much may it costB. no matter how it may costC. however much it may costD. how may it cost14. May I go and play with Tom this afternoon, Mum?No. You cant go out _ your homework is being done. A. untilB. since C. before D. if 15. How long do you suppose it will be _ he arrives at the small village?Five hours or so.A. when B. beforeC. since D. after 答案：BDDDA ACBCD ABC