同义词重点替换词全集.docx

(续表)同义词重点替换词全集国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词1.things that one tries hardto doones undertakings / ones commitments2.The fact Is that.The reality is that.,.3.joyhappiness / delight / enjoyment4.sadnesssorrow / grief5.dangerhazard / peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般） 派生dangerous： cation=schooling (指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing / parenting)区分家庭教育的两个词upbringing和parenting 的区别在于：upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如 childrens upbringing；而 parenting 是从家长的角度来说， 比如 sensible parenting.7.advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证甲完 全可以把广告种类细化，比如commercials (电视或者互联 网上的广告），flyers (传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是 135 * * * * ,办证),billboards (大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profit advertisements = public-interest advertisements (公益广告I8.carautomobile9.economic crisiseconomic meltdown (很接近）/ recession (这个般仅仅 还是衰退丨/ he Great Depression (这个则是特指1929年 开始的那次了）10.famous peoplecelebrities (单数为 celebrity)国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词11.human beings (被考生 使用过多humanity (注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/ the human race12.wealthfortune(s) (fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）13.t相关| richwealthy / affluent (adj.)14.skill=technique (注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而 不是technology科技）15.派生skilledadept / adroit ( adj.)16.methodmethodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是 method的故作高深版）17.fieldsphere / domain / arena18.understanding of=grasp of / command eration=collaboration21.basic structure in a city or a countryinfrastructure22.tiredness for a long timefatigue23.is a must foris a prerequisite for (是的必备先决条件）24.the Internet=the information highway (篇考生作文里 Internet 被使 用十几次是常事儿25.honesty=integrity26.strong belieffaith (in)27.aimintention28.worriesanxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）29.influenceimpact / repercussion / implication30.influence on each othermutual influence (类似的表达述有 mutual respect, mutual trust 和 mutual understanding / interaction between A and B / interplay between A and B国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词31.many different kinds ofa variety of/ a wide array of. / a wide range of32,wrong ideas held by many peoplemisconceptions33.fameprestige / sterling reputation34.range坊 spectrum35.sense=recognition36partcomponent (这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指n部分“）37.wise相关sensible (adj.)38.gapdisparity39.a system for a particular purpose怒 a mechanism for.40.a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.(生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术 写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决办法，注意搭配的介词不同）41,bad students unruly students / disruptive students42.bad behaviorunethical behavior / immoral behavior43organizations that help poor peoplecharities / charitable organizations44,differencedistinction45.派生be different frombe distinct from ( adj.)46.personindividual47.personality=disposition48.businessesenterprises (这里指企业）49.prices that are too highexorbitant prices50.the rate of the incidence of (后面一般3艮坏事J L,比如 unemployment / crime / a disease)51,intense enthusiasmzeal / passion国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词52,cultural globalization (有过多人使用这个词）global cultural homogenization53.a thing that is necessarya necessity54.a thing that is new and interestinga novelty55,a thing that is rarea rarity56.things that people are not sure aboutuncertainties57.a world languagea universal language58.friendscompanions59.relaxation=recreation60.self-respect self-esteem and dignity61.respect sb, / sth.hold sb. /sth. in high regard62.反义look down on treatwith contempt = despise ( v.)63.self-controlself-discipline64.criminalconvict65.prisonerinmate66.drinks alcoholic beverages67.people who walk on the streetpedestrians68,old generations in historyancestors69.a person who benefits from sth.a beneficiary of sth.70.a disease that spreads quicklyan epidemic (注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）71.a very unpleasant way of lifemisery国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词72.a task that requires lots of effortan arduous task73,emotion紀 sentiment74.enemy怒 opponent / foe75,narrow mindsinsular minds (狭隘的头脑或者观念）76,a way to do sth.a approach to doing sth. / an avenue towards sth.77.hobby訪 pastime / gressprogression (经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/technology 的话题79.failuresetback (注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80.importancesignificance (当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨 用这个）81,dutyobligation (用于比较重要的责任）82,difficultyhindrance / impediment / hurdles83-pressure from your classmatespeer pressure84.citizens who can worklabor force / workforce (都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个 词的标准写法中间没有空格85.problems or diseases that exist for a long timepersistent problems / chronic diseases86.a life without regular exercisea sedentary lifestyle87.resultconsequence (表示消极的结果更多一些）88.thoughtsconsiderations89.the lack of knowledgeignorance (注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示忽 视”，而是表示“无知“）国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式名词90.harm (n.)adverse effect91.harm (v/t )damage destroy / ruin (这两个词比damage程度更重） spoil (后面跟 the cityscape /scenery / environment) undermine (后面跟抽象概念,比如 stability / social order / harmony) jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，比如 ones future / ones career) tarnish (后面S艮 ones reputation /image) sap/dampen (后面 S艮 ones enthusiasm/interest/confidence)92.派生harmfuldetrimental (adj.)93.派生be harmful to=pose a threat to94.bad luckmisfortune95.troubleadversity / dilemma / predicament / hardship96.crimeoffense / criminal act97.youth crime坊 juvenile delinquency98.criminaloffender / culprit / 坊 perpetrator99.serious crimeheinous crime / felony100.a minor crimea misdemeanor101.shortage (of)scarcity (of) / dearth (of)102.the only onean exception103.places where animals livehabitat形容词104,worrying=disturbing105.very popularprevalent / ubiquitous106.truegenuine (truly d genuinely)107.deepprofound (深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom / truths/understa门cling/impact/thoughts )国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式形容词108.strongpowerful / mighty109,weakvulnerable110.hard-workingindustrious (注意不是industrial,而diligent那个词在美语 中是个挺大的词）111.very disappointinglamentable / pathetic112.be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of)113.be not as good asbe inferior to114.be better thanbe superior to115.uninterestingmundane (注意这个词其实在美国很多时候并不是世俗 的“意思/humdrum116.manynumerous (注意要跟可数名词）117.complicatedintricate118.strangeodd / bizarre / eccentric (单 weird 有点过于口 语化了 119.cannot be turned backbe duce useful resultsproductive121.practical=realistic122.maturesophisticated (这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123.selfishself-centered/ ud (贬义）conceited125.suitablefitting126.most suitableoptimal127.lonelyisolated / alienated128.alonesolitary129,be easily influenced bybe susceptible to sth.(一般是坏事情，比如 a disease /sth.attacks)130.is better thanis superior to国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式形容词131,not as good as is inferior to132.be the samebe identical / be homogenous / be uniform (后面两个词比 较正式，一般是说cu丨tural globalization的时候常用，现在 理解为什么校服的名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大 家都看起来一样的衣服133-interesting舞 stimulating134.boring monotonous / repetitive135-uselessredundant136,smartintelligent137.famousrenowned138.positive=desirable / encouraging139.happydelighted140.enjoyabledelightful141.can be usedbe available142.hard to understandbewildering / baffling /confusing143,(laws / rules / people) not strictlenient144.healthywholesome (注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说 事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome)145.good for the environmenteco-friendly (比如 Biking is far more eco-friendly than driving their SUVs,)146.nervous / anxious=apprehensive147.doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.148.fairjustified149.unfair unwarranted / unjustifiable150,hugeenormous / massive / vast/ colossal国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式形容词151.smalltiny / miniscule (后面一般跟抽象名词）152.have many different abilitiesbe versatile / be well-rounded153.be familiar withbe well-acquainted with154.very successful / perappropriate156，typicalquintessential (这个语气非常强）157，exactprecise / 纪 accurate158.uglyunsightly159.poor-qualitysubstandard (housing / accommodation / work / goods / machines)160.the present the current. / the existing (比如 the current financial crisis / the existing environmental problems)161.outdatedantiquated / obsolete162,plete (adj. ) / wholeentire164.spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant /a lavish life165.openenlightened/progressive (开明的，进步的，经常用来形 容 govern-ment 或者 society)166.sth. must be carried outsth. is compulsory / sth. is mandatory167.with long historytime-honored (后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition / practice / methods / heritage)168.continuing foreverperpetual169.importantsignificantdessentialdvital (这三个词的重要性依次递增）170.very attractivevery appealing / fascinating / captivating171,very carefulcautious国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式形容词172.be very interested inbe absorbed in / be engrossed in173.be qualified forbe eligible for174.disappointingfrustrating175,wrongerroneous176.long and a bit annoyinglengthy177.very difficultdaunting / formidable178 being spread in an uncontrolled wayrampant (后面经常S艮负面现象，比如crime, pollution或者 discrimination)179.cruel坊 inhumane / merciless180.fatoverweight / obese (后面这个已经胖出病了）181.having wrong opinionsskewed / biased (这两个词一般在旧LTS媒体类话题使用， 表示“有偏见的“）182.including many thingscomprehensive (综合的，全面的）183.enoughadequate / sufficient / ample / abundant (、注意这四个词的 语气是逐渐递增的）184.too muchexcessive185.very littleminimal (注意不是 minimum)186.cause bad effectscounterproductive (其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生 产有关，只要阻止人们达到目旳，都可以写它counterpro- ductive)187,strictstringent (后面一般S艮 laws, measures 或者 rules)188,urgentpressing (problems)189.quiettranquil and serene (美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用动词190.make sth. strongstrengthen / fortify /reinforce / consolidate sth.191.make sth. weakweaken / erode (侵蚀)国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词192,make sth. betterenhance / better (很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其 实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）193,make sth. worseaggravate / exacerbate sth.194.control （a negative trend)curb (crime / pollution / economic recessions)195.stopcease196.manage sth.=regulate sth. / oversee sth.197.appearemerge / arise (后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如 debate)198.die outgo extinct199.fail to seeneglect / overlook200.set. freerelease (prisoners / stress)201.begincommence / initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)202,narrow / bridge the gap between A and B 这里bridge作动词）反义widen the gap between A and B203.be forced to to sth.be compelled to do sth.204,keep complaining about sth.grumble about sth.205.try hard to do sth. pursue sth. ( ones goal / ones career / business interests / maximum profit / hegemony)206.do sth. perform / conduct (注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事“）207.do not do sth.refrain from doing sth.208.carry outimplement209.tur门.i门to.convert. to / into国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词210.decreasedecline / dwindle (特指逐渐缓慢的减少)/ dip /slip (后两 个词用来指短促的下降）211.make a crimecommit a crime (注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不 地道的英文）212.commit a crime againrevert to crime (这里的crime作不可数名词）213,punishpenalize214.派生punishmentpenalty215.spreadpropagate / disseminate (这两个词后面经常跟 information / ideas/belief 这类名词）216,develop fastflourish / thrive217,develop (这里作“培 养的意思cultivate / foster / nurture (这三个词后面经常跟和教育有 关的名词，比如 an interest in social issues)218.相关fast-developingburgeoning219.acceptadopt (注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，釆纳的意思）220.buildconstruct221.gathergarner,但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义， 比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen222.measuregauge,比measure稍正式一点223.teach sth.impart sth. / inculcate sth.(注意如果 teach 后面是人贝j 不要替换）224.startinitiate多用于政府类话题-supportespouse,后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词 champion (作动词不是冠军的意思了 禾口动词sanction (它作名词则变成了 制裁”）226.praise compliment / extol (后面这个语气很强）227.support buttress / ve / confirmverify国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词229.creategenerate (般是大规模的产生比如generate employment opportunities / generate tax revenue / electricity) breed ( 般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict / crime / resentment) spavwi (般是产生新事物，比如 spawn inventions/innovations )230.use=utilize / exploit231.use. againrecycle232.work hardwork assiduously233.get=acquire (注意 acquire / gain knowledge 比 learn knowledge 在地道英文中更加常见）234.considercontemplate / reflect on /ponder235.meetencounter,多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些 的话题236.provide sth.afford sth.(在正式的英文写作中，afford经常可以表示 “提供”237,needrequire (注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need,但 如果主语是事物，则可以改用require)238.like sth. very much=have an affinity for sth. / have a strong attachment to sth.239,be unhappy aboutcomplain about (i. ) / be discontented with (adj.)240.ask forrequest241.raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise,但只是“提高而不能表示 抚养小孩的意思242.look like sth.resemble sth.243.treat. poorlymistreat. / abuse.244.consider sth. valuablevalue sth, / treasure sth. / cherish sth.245.keep=maintain / preserve (这个词后面经常跟 traditions / cultural heritage / wild animals/ natural resources 等）、 国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词246.mix togetherbland / combine / synthesize247.solvetackle / combat / address248.noticediscern249,understand., to mean., / to be interpret. as.(很多时候这个词并不是译，而是把理解为）250,choose sth, / choose to do sth.opt for sth. / opt to do sth.251.achievefulfill (ones dream / ones goal / ones potential / ones obligation / ones promise / ones task)252.appear in large numberssprout up / mushroom253.make. less seriousrelieve / ease / alleviate (作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress / alleviate poverty / ease the traffic congestion 等）254.payfor (ones loss)compensate for 255.payfor (ones effort)rewardfor.256.make sth. fasteraccelerate sth, / speed up sth.257.joinparticipate in258.outweighprevail over (大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题 目中经常出现outweigh这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者 利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）259.contribute topromote/ facilitate (注意这两个词都是及物动词，所以不 需要跟to)260.prevent the development ofhinder /impede / inhibit / obstruct.261.find outidentify262.encourage sb. to.=motivate sb. to.,.263.tike sth. very muchadore sth.264,dislike sth. very muchabhor / detest / loathe国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词265.hateresent / hold a grudge against266.limitrestrict / constrain267.avoid bypass / eschew / shun268.is not limited to is not restricted to. / is not confined to(经常用来描述 一个trend不仅限于某个范围269,be so surprisedbe astonished / be astounded / be startled270.decidedetermine271.move to relocate to., / have been relocated e from originate from / in.273.improveboost / enhance (比如 boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率）274.wasteuse lavishly275.attackassail (语气更强烈)276.reducecurtail (多用于政府投资类话题）/ diminish (多用于文化 类或者发展类中的抽象话题）277,increaseaugment (多用于政府投资类话题）278.helpassist279.help (n.)assistance280,set upestablish281.try to do sth .attempt to do sth.282,try hard to do sth.make a strenuous / an arduous / a painstaking effort to do sth.283.changealter284,change. a lotfundamentally change. / radically change/ transform285.solveaddress / combat286.correct ( vt,)rectify (a mistake)287.take downdemolish / raze (谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词288.obeyabide by / comply with / conform to (后面S艮 the law / rules / regulations 等）289.banban. altogether / strictly prohibit.290.criticizecondemn / denounce (这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但 不要用在教育类）291.increaseshow an upward trend / be on therise 反义：show a downward trend292.depend onhinge on = be contingent on (意思是：取决于)293.depend onrely on (意思是：依靠）294.deal withcope with295,do ones best to do mit oneself to doing sth. / strive to do sth. / do ones utmost to do sth. / spare no effort to do sth.296.use upexhaust (energy / resources) / stretch (resources) to the limit297.report the details of sth.report sth, in graphic detail298.prevent sb. from focusing ondistract sb. from299.spend A on B=dedicate A to B300,use too much stretch. to the limit / put a strain on.301.pourdischarge (_放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers，streams and lakes)302.get used toget accustomed to303.die outgo extinct304.continue to e with be attended by / be accompanied by.306.broaden ones horizonsexpand ones outlook / enlarge ones vision ( broaden ones horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值忙28www.TopS国内考生常用的表达更得分的表述方式动词307,break the lawviolate the law308,put sb. in prisonincarcerate sb.309.make laws against legislate against 310.相关lawlegislation (名词，注意丨aw在特指具体的法律时可以用复 数,但是leg丨slation不能用复数）311.make sth. activestimulate (后面经常跟 imagination / creativity / interest / economic growth 等词汇）312.make ones dream come truefulfill ones potential / attain ones goal313.have the right to do sth.be entitled to do sth.314+lead to change inact as a catalyst for change in.315.stick toadhere to / cling to