Lesson_Nine____Happiness课文解释_练习答案_语法讲解_历年试题.docx

Lesson Nine HappinessBranko Bugarski 布兰科巴加斯基Learning Guide人人追求幸福，可什么是幸福呢？本文作者认为幸福不是目的，不是终点，而是一个过程，是以积极的工作为他人的幸福做出贡献，从而感到自身的价值的过程。一 、词汇Naturally nt()rl adv 当然,自然地 cf. nature neit n natural adj. ntrlMiserable adj (人,心情)悲哀的,(生活等)不幸的 cf. misery mz()r Hell n 地狱 what the hell （表示不在乎、无可奈何、气恼、不耐烦等）究竟，到底 in hell 究竟（用以加强语气） to hell with 口让见鬼去吧 go to the hell 去死吧；下地狱 Movie n 电影Star n 明星Clearly adv 清楚地,明确地Dishonest adj 不正当的,不诚实的 cf. honest adj. honesty nMeans n 手段,方法( 单复数同形) a means, many meansLottery n 摸奖Winnings n 赢得的利益,奖金 cf. win, (won, won), winnerAlone adj. 只有,仅仅 cf. lonely adj. 孤独寂寞的Worthless adj. 没有价值的,没有用的 cf. worth prep, adj. cf. worthy Worthwhile adj. 有价值的,值得做的Self-esteem n 自尊心Well adv. 相当地Productive adj. 有成果的,有成效的 cf. produce v 生产，产生 product n 产品 production n productivity n 生产力fool v 欺骗，哄骗Obtain v 获得,得到Capable adj. 能干的,有才华的 cf. be capable of Highly-paid adj. 工资高的,高薪的Entertainer n (娱乐节目的)表演者,艺人 cf. entertain v 招待，款待 entertainment n 消遣，娱乐，款待Outwardly adv. 表面上 cf. outward adj& n 外表的 inward adj.& n 内部的Contribute v （to） 出钱(力,主意等);贡献 cf. contribution n make contribution to 对.做贡献Expose v ( to ) 揭穿,接发,揭露 暴漏 cf. exposure n Cheat n 骗子Cheat v 欺骗Long-term adj. 长期的,长远的 =long -runHonesty n 诚实Honestly adv 诚实地,老实地Process n 过程 v 处理continuous adj. 不断的，连续的，继续的 cf. continue v 继续 continual adj. 经常发生的，老是发生的Continuously adv 不断地,连续地,继续地Dr. (doctor的缩写)博士External adj. 外部的 cf. internal adj. 内部的circumstance n 环境，情况 cf. under (in).circumstance 在.情况下Unfulfilled adj. 没有成就感的 cf. fulfill v 履行；实现；满足；使结束（等于fulfil）Missing adj. 缺少的,找不到的 (主动消失) cf. lost adj. 被丢失的Welfare n 福利,幸福Create v 创造 cf. creature n 生物，人，大型动物 creation n 创造 creative adj 创造性的Challenge v (对某人的能力)挑战Set v 制定,确定Short-term adj. 短期的Obvious adj. 明显的,清楚的Act v 装出,装做Far adv. 很二、课文分析 Page 197 Para. 11. Many people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow.许多人认为当他们有钱、成功时，幸福自然就会来临。A. follow v 跟随, 追赶, 紧接着, 注意, 遵循, 沿着, 明白 e.g. She realized that the Mercedes was following her.她意识到那辆奔驰在跟踪她 e.g. I didnt quite follow; could you explain it again?我不太明白，你能再解释一下吗？cf. following adj 下面的，接着的2.Let me tell you that certainly nothing is further from the truth.我可以告诉你们实际情况远非如此。(字面意思是：没有东西离这个事实更远的了，即：这是更加远离事实的，不靠谱的)A. further from 是far from 的比较级far from 远不是，远非,绝非 远离 e.g. France is far from China.法国离中国很远。e.g. Far from enjoying singing, he hates it.他一点都不喜欢唱歌，相反他讨厌唱歌。 B. the truth 只上文的 when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow.3. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as hell.世界上到处都是生活得十分痛苦的有钱人。 A. be full of-be filled with 到处充满，到处都是 B as . as 中间放一个形容词原级， 表示“和程度一样” C. hell 地狱，这里指痛苦4.We have all read stories about movie stars committing suicide or dying from drugs.我们都读到过关于电影明星自杀或吸毒身亡的报道。 A. all adv 都 注意其句中的位置。 all 可以是代词 All of us will go there. She likes all of us.形容词 All the students will go there.副词 We are all right.名词 I like all.B. commit vt.犯罪，做错事；把.交托给；指派作战；使承担义务 commit oneself承诺，答应负责 commit suicide自杀 commit crime 犯罪；干坏事 commit murder 谋杀 commission 委任；使服役；委托制作C. die from 死于（外因） die of 死于饥饿，疾病等（内因） 一般不严格区两者的用法。 e.g. Well, if you die of boredom, I wont pay with my life! “闷死了我可偿不起命哪！5. Quite clearly, money is not the answer to all problems.十分明显，钱并不是解决一切问题的唯一办法。 A. the answer to 的答案，.的解决方案 Page 197 Para. 25. Wealth achieved through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings dont bring happiness.通过不正当手段得来的钱不会带来幸福。中奖得来的钱也不会带来幸福。 A. achieve wealth 获得财富 B. through .means 通过.方式，也可以的 by.means 6. Wealth left by parents does not bring happiness.父母留下的财富不能带来幸福。 A. left 动词原形为leave 留下 搭配 leave sth. to sb. 把.留给7. In fact, money alone is almost worthless:事实上，如果仅仅有钱，而其他一无所有，钱是毫无价值的。A。 alone 单独 cf. lonely adj 孤独寂寞的B. worth n = value worth adj./ prep 值得做某事 后面接名词或者 v-ing e.g The problem is worth discussing. The film is worth seeing.8. If you have both self-esteem and money, however, you are well on the way to happiness.但是如果你既有自尊也有金钱，那你早已在向幸福迈进（你早已迈上了通往幸福的大道）。 A. on the way to 在通往.的路上 e.g. on the way to school, on the way home 回家的路上 B. well adv. 加强语气 .很好地, 相当地 e.g. I am well aware that this is a tough job.我深知这是一件棘手的工作。9. What is missing in both self-esteem and money is productive work and a real contribution towards the happiness of others.自尊心和钱本身所缺的是创造性的工作以及为他人的幸福所做的实实在在的贡献。A. what .的 what is missing 所缺少的，缺乏的（东西）B contribution to (toward) 对.的贡献10. The secret to happiness lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others.幸福的秘密在于为他人幸福所做的贡献。A. ones secret to 的奥秘e.g. Exercise is his secret to health.运动是他身体健康的秘密所在。B. lie in 在于eg: The success of the play mostly lies in his acting.这部戏的成功主要归功于他的演技11. You can fool others but you can never fool yourself.你可以欺骗别人，但是你不能欺骗你自己。12. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will know you did not earn it.如果你通过运气或不正当手段获取了财富，你心里就会明白这钱不是你劳动所得。 A. through means 通过方法 B. earn 挣钱 earn money, make money13. If you have taken advantage of or hurt others to earn your wealth, you will not be happy. You will not like yourself. You will not feel you are capable.如果你通过占别人的便宜或伤害别人获取了财富，你就不会感到快乐。你就不会喜欢你自己，不会觉得自己有能力。A. take advantage of 利用 占.便宜Eg: She took advantage of my kindness and left without paying me at all.B. capable adj. 有能力的 构成短语 be capable of 能够干某事 e.g. Hes a capable businessman, is he?他是一位很有能力的业务员，可不是吗 e.g. Only human beings are capable of speech.只有人类才具有说话的能力。 Page 198 Para. 314.There are many highly-paid managers and entertainers who do not like themselves. Outwardly, they seem successful, but deep down they are miserable. 有许多高薪的经理或艺人不喜欢自己。表面上看，他们很成功，但他们内心深处十分痛苦。 A. deep down实际上；在心底 e.g. She seems indifferent, but deep down shes very pleased. 她貌似无动于衷，其实心里非常高兴。 e.g. Deep down, he knew he was at fault.在心底里,他明白自己错了。15. They know they are contributing very little of real value and all the time they live in fear of being exposed as cheats. 他们清楚他们没有做出真正有价值的贡献，他们总是提心吊胆，唯恐别人揭穿他们骗子的面孔。A. in fear of 在对的恐惧中B. expose 暴漏，揭露 后面接介词 to e.g. Dont expose the film to light.不要使照片曝光。 e.g. We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。16. They know they are not earning their wealth. They know they are cheating the company, the government or society. But they cant fool themselves.他们知道他们的财富不是他们挣来的。他们知道他们在欺骗公司、政府或社会。但是他们无法愚弄自己。Page 198 Para. 417. Long-term happiness is based on honesty, productive work, contribution, and self-esteem.长久的幸福是以诚实、有效劳动和自尊为基础的。A. long-term 长期的 短语 in the long-term 从长期来看 同义词 long-run 反义词 short-termB. be based on 以.为基础，根据. e.g. This play is based on a true story. 这出戏以真事为基础。18. Happiness is not an end; it is a process.幸福不是终点，而是过程。A. process n 过程 v 处理e.g. The car is in the process of repair. 那车正在修理中。e.g. How fast does the new computer process the data?这新计算机处理数据有多快?19.It is a continuous process of honest, productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person.幸福是个连续的过程，需要诚实而有效的劳动，这样的劳动会为他人（的幸福）做出实实在在的贡献而且会使你感觉自己是个有价值的人。 A. continuous adj. 连续不断的 cf. continual adj. 经常发生的 e.g. His writing gained by continuous practice.由于经常练习, 他的写作水平提高了 continual, continuous, successive, constant, persistent这些形容词均有“连续的，不断的”之意。continual： 强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。continuous： 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。successive： 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。constant： 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。persistent： 普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。20. As Dr. Wayne wrote, There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way. 正如韦恩博士写到的：没有通往幸福的路。幸福本身就是路。21. There is no use saying Some day when I achieve these goals, when I get this car,build this house and have this business then I will be really happy.不要整天说：等到有一天我实现了这些目标，等到我有了车，有了房，有了自己的企业我就会真正幸福了。说这些是毫无用处的A. There/It is no use doing 不要，（做）是无用的e.g. There/It is no use crying over broken glass.杯子碎了，光哭是没用的。 类似的结构还有： It is(there is ) no use/help/ point/sense doing sth. 做某事没用处/没帮助/没意义22. Life just does not work that way.生活中那是行不通的。 A。 that way 前面省略了介词 in 以那种方式 B. work v 运作，运转 （常常用于否定形式） e.g. My watch doesnt work. 我的手表停了。 e.g. Your plan doesnt work. 你的计划行不通。23. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There will always be something missing. 如果你等待外界发生什么事，如果你依赖生活中的外界力量来使你感到幸福，那你永远不会有成就感。（你的生活中）总是缺少什么东西.A. depend on依靠 e.g. All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 万物靠太阳生长。Page 198 Para. 5 24. Long-term happiness is a process of moving towards worthwhile goals and contributing towards the welfare and happiness of others.长久的幸福是这样的一个过程：朝着有价值的目标不断前进、为他人的福利与幸福不断做出贡献。A. worthwhile adj. 有价值的，值得的 通常做表语，宾补cf. worth prep& adj. 后面接名词或者 v-ing 值得做某事 worthy adj. w:i 后面接不定式的被动形式 或者 of +名词 即： worthy of , worthy to be done 值得做某事 如果表示“很值得，非常值得”用 well修饰，而不用 very e.g. 这个问题值得讨论 The problem is worth discussing The problem is worthy of discussion The problem is worthy to be discussed It is worthwhile to discuss the problem I think it worthwhile to discuss the problem Discussing the problem is worthwhile. The film is well worth seeing.25. It does not mean that you should give away all your wealth.它并不意味着你应把自己的所有财富让给别人。 A. give away 分发， cf. give way to 给让路， 被.取代 Give 短语 give oneself to（为.）献身 give up 放弃；交出 give out 分发，发出；公布，发表；用尽，精疲力竭 give in v. 屈服；让步；交上 give attention to 考虑；注意；关心 give away 放弃；泄露；分发；出卖 give off 发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等） give it a try 试一试 give me a call 给我打电话 give an example 举例 give it up 放弃；鼓掌欢迎 give me a hand 帮我一下 26. It means continuously creating values for others through your own honest, productive work.它意味着你应不断通过自己的诚实有效的劳动为他人创造价值。 A. mean 后面既可以接不定式，也可以接v-ing 接不定式表示 “打算，意欲” 接v-ing 表示“意味着，意思是” 构成短语 mean by通过.指.，意思是什么 e.g. Whom did she mean by them?她说的“他们”是指谁 What do you mean by that?你这样说意味着什么？ I didnt mean to hurt you. 我并不想上你的心。 Accepting the job means living abroad.27. It means doing what you love and loving what you do.它意味着做自己喜欢做的事、爱自己所做的事。28. It means achieving your goals and then challenging yourself to bigger and better things.它意味着实现自己的目标，并让自己不断接受更大更高的挑战。29. It means always striving for more, learning and growing.它还意味着不断拼搏、学习与成长。 A. strive for +n 努力做某事 strive to 接不定式 努力，尽力 e.g. The scientists strive for a breakthrough in cancer research. 科学家们力争在癌症研究方面有个突破。 e.g. We have to strive for what we want.我们必须为求得我们所要的东西而努力。 e.g. We must and we will strive to do better.我们应该做得更好，也有能力做得更好 e.g. You must also strive to lead by example.你同时也必须争取做出表率。30. Doing nothing means death. Activity means life. Find your purpose, set some goals, do what you love, love what you do, work honestly and productively and contribute real values to the others.什么都不做，则意味着死亡；活动就意味着有生命。找到你的目的，制定你的目标，做你爱做的事情，爱你所做的事情，诚实而有效地工作，为别人贡献真正的价值。31. In the long term, thats what its all about. 从长远来讲，幸福也就如此而已。 A. it 指 happiness B. about 关于 Page 199 Para. 632. In the short term, you can start practicing being happy right now without any obvious reason.短期来讲，你可以从现在起不须有任何理由地尝试体验幸福。A. practice 后面接v-ing 做宾语 意思是练习做某事 e.g. practice speaking English 练习说英语 构成短语： in practice 在实践中；实际上，事实上 teaching practice 教学实习；试教 social practice 社会实践 put into practice 实行，实施；落实 international practice 国际惯例；国际实践 common practice 惯例；习惯作法 educational practice 教育实习；教改实践 33. How will you know how to be happy if you dont try it?如果你不尝试，怎么知道如何变得幸福？ 34. It is the same as acting and feeling rich. Dont wait for another 10 years to start feeling rich, successful and happy.这与假装富有去体验富有是一样的。不要再等十年才开始感觉富有、成功与幸福。A. the same . as.像.一样， 与.相同e.g. She felt just the same as he did.她和他的感受相同。 e.g. Twins look the same as each other.双胞胎看上去长得一样。35. Start practicing now. You know that they say practice makes perfect.现在开始练习。你知道人们常说 熟能生巧。36.Pretend that you are rich and you will become rich. Pretend and act as if you were happy and you will be happy. Pretend and act as if you were miserable andWell, forget about this last one. You have been practicing that one for far too long.你认为自己富有，就会真的富有。你认为自己幸福并这样去行动，就会真的感到幸福。你要是假装痛苦，你就哦，还是别装痛苦吧。那件事你做的时间已经太长了。 A. Pretendand you will. 前面的动词原形 相当于一个条件状语从句，后面用 you will 表示 “结果” e.g. Study hard and you will pass the exam. e.g. Come here early and you will see her. B. You have been practicing that one for far too long. 现在完成进行时 表示一直不间断的做某事 结构是 have been doing e.g. I have been waiting for you .我一直在等你。 C. far adv 加强语气 e.g. She is a far better student than her brother. 她比她哥哥学习好得多。三。 Useful Expressionscommit suicide 自杀die from 死于（外伤或不注意的原因）contribution to/towards 对的贡献take advantage of 利用，占的便宜achieve ones goals 实现目标depend on 依赖，依靠give away 送掉，赠送strive for 为奋斗set a goal 树立目标in the short term 就短期而言deep down 从内心来讲lie in 在于e.g. Happiness lies in struggle.It/There is no use doing做是没有用的e.g. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收，哭之無益。四、 Verb Pattern 9 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语（wh- / how / if / whether 从句）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语（wh- / how / whether 不定式短语）Eg: I dont know whether it is true.You can imagine what happened!The small boy doesnt even know how to read.The article explained how dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions.e.g. I am not sure _ you like me or not.a. If b. whether 答案：B五、 Questions on the Text1. What do many people believe about happiness? The author doesnt agree, does he?Many people believe that when they become rich and successful , happiness will naturally follow.No, he doesnt.2. Money doesnt always bring happiness, does it? When does it do? When does it not?No, it doesnt. When money combines with self-esteem, money perhaps can bring happiness.Money achieved through dishonest means and money left by parents do not bring happiness. Or: Money brings happiness when it is achieved through ones productive work and when one contributes towards other peoples welfare.Money doesnt bring happiness if it is achieved through luck or dishonest means.3. Do money and self-esteem together bring happiness? Why/why not?Yes, they do. Because money alone is worthless.4. where does happiness lie?It lies in contribution towards the happiness of others.5. Why do many successful people feel miserable?Because they know they are contributing very little of real value and all the time they live in fear of being exposed as cheats.6. What are the four things long-term happiness is based on?Long-term happiness is based on four things-honesty, productive work,7. contribution and self esteem.8. How do you understand that happiness is a process? A process of what?Happiness is a continuous process and it is not an end.It is a process of honest, productive work. In this way it makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person.9. What does long-term happiness mean to the author? Do you agree?The author thinks that long term happiness is a process of moving towards worthwhile goals and contributing the welfare and happiness of others. That is, continuously creating values for others through ones own honest, productive work, doing what you love and loving what you do, achieving your goals and then challenging yourself to bigger and better things, and always striving more, learning and growing.10. What does the author suggest we do right now?The author suggests that we find our own purpose, set some goals, do what we love, love what we do, work honestly and productively and contribute real values to the others.11. What does the author mean when he says, “start practicing being happy”?He means that if you dont try, you will not know how to be happy.12. What does the author tell us to forget about? Why?He tell us to forget about pretending and acting as if we were miserable. Because people practice being miserable every day.13. What is your idea of happiness? What makes you happy? What makes you miserable?(Open questions)六、 Written work不少人认为,既有钱又成功的人士一定是幸福的。但事实并非