自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(11).doc

Unit6（第17讲第19讲）Text A Diamonds本课主要单词1. rare adj. 稀有的，难得的These animals are so rare that I would do whatever I can to save them.这些动物很稀有，我会尽我所能去保护它们。On the rare occasions when the old lady had any post， the little boy downstairs would go and get it for her.老太太难得有信，只要有信总是楼下的小男孩帮她去拿。Snow is rare in this part of China.中国的这个地区难得下雪。It is very rare for him to say “Sorry” to any others.他难得会对任何人说“对不起”。Believe it or not， she is a rare beauty.信不信由你，她是一个百里挑一的美人。a rare word冷僻的词 rare metals稀有金属a rare disease（罕见的疾病）a rare medicinal herb珍奇药草2. substance n. 物质；实质；大意；根据They were trying to remove harmful substances from the soil.他们正设法去除土壤里的有害物质。Ice， snow and water are the same substance in different forms.冰、雪、水是同一物质的三种不同形式。What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance？去听一个没有什么内容的讲座有什么意义呢？What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.他大体上说的是我们应该采取有效措施防止污染。There was no substance in his complaints.他的抱怨没有道理。3. slight adj. 轻微的；纤细的Mother said she had a slight headache.妈妈说她有点头疼。I didnt have the slightest idea about what had happened.我一点都不知道发生了什么事。His chances of winning the election are very slight.他在选举中获胜的可能性极小。He is too slight to play football.他太纤细，不能踢足球。4. extreme adj. 极端的，极度的；尽头的n. 极端He died in extreme poverty.他在极度贫困中死去。You have to proceed your work with extreme caution.你得极其谨慎地继续你的工作。Extreme action will be taken if necessary.如有必要，我们将采取最严厉的行动。His hospitality was carried to an extreme.他好客得过分了。She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.她觉得那本书没意思透了。extreme joy/pain 极度的欢乐/痛苦 an extreme of sadness极度伤心go from one extreme to the other从一个极端走到另一个极端go to the other extreme 走到另一个极端in the extreme极度，非常extremes of poverty and wealth贫富的两极5. pressure n. 压力，压强The water pressure may need adjusting.水压可能需要调整。It was a pressure of five tons per square meter.每平方米的压力为五吨。Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.沉重的学习负担以及家长的过高期望可能会给孩子太大的压力。He was under constant pressure from his superiors.他的上司不断地给他压力。The doctor said this medicine could counteract his high blood pressure.医生说这种药能遏制他的高血压。6. liquid adj. 液体的，液态的；清澈的，明亮的n. 液体The doctor put the patient on a liquid diet.医生规定那位病人吃流质。The little girl with large liquid eyes is my sister.那个长着一双水汪汪的大眼睛的小姑娘是我妹妹。She poured out a large quantity of yellowish liquid from a bottle.她从一个瓶子里倒出了许多黄色的液体。7. crack n. 裂缝v. 破裂；打开She found a crack in one of the tea-cups.她发现一只茶杯上有裂缝。He heard the cracks of rifle fire in the distance.他听到了远处的步枪声。He asked his mother to crack some eggs for him.他请妈妈帮他敲碎几个鸡蛋。His face cracked with a broad smile. 他咧开嘴笑了。The phone cracked the rooms quiet.电话铃声打破了房间的寂静。They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.他们无法打进竞争激烈的销售市场。8. crust n. 地壳；面包皮，外皮There are some brownish bread crusts on the dining table.餐桌上有一些棕色的面包皮。The white snow had a fine crust on the trees.树上覆盖着一层美丽的白雪。The continuous movements of the earths crust may lead to earthquakes.地壳的不断运动引发了地震。It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.在这样一层薄冰上行走是很危险的。9. crystal n. 水晶；晶粒adj. 清澈透明的Mother gave her a necklace of crystals as a birthday present.妈妈给她一条水晶珠项链作为生日礼物。The old woman looked into the crystal ball for a while before telling my fortune.老妇人朝水晶球里看了一会，然后给我算命。Ive made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.我已经表明了我的观点，绝不同意这个提议。10. popular adj. 流行的，大众的；普及的；受欢迎的Popular music is well liked by young people.流行音乐深受年轻人的喜爱。Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.游泳是老老少少都喜欢的体育运动。He has always been popular with / among boys in his community.他一直广受他那个社区的男孩子们的喜欢。This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.这家饭店供应价格大众化的饭菜。He is a good politician but he is not very popular among the people.他很会搞政治，但是不得民心。11. handful n. 一把，一小撮He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.（他对医生说他的头发一把一把地脱落。）The naughty boy gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them in the lake.那个调皮的男孩手里聚了一把石块，并把石块往湖里扔。He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.除了少量的几本书他什么也没给我。注意：一般来说，-ful是一个形容词后缀，加在名词后面可以构成形容词，比如：careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful这个单词中，-ful是一个名词后缀，加在某些名词的后面，表示“充满所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。12. formation n. 岩层；形成，构成Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.大多数钻石都是从地下的岩层里开采出来的。The formation of good habits is very important for a child.好习惯的养成对孩子来说很重要。The teacher is explaining to the students the formation of the new word.老师正对学生们解释那个新词的构成。The peculiar formation of human brain drew the attention of researchers in many fields.人脑的奇特构造吸引了许多领域的研究人员。13. pipe n. 管子，导管；烟斗v.用管道输送Tell the pipelayer that he has to be careful with the gas pipe.告诉管道安装工煤气管道要小心。The old man was sitting in the corner smoking a pipe.那个老人坐在角落里抽着烟斗。It wont be very troublesome to pipe water into the house.用管道把水送进屋里不会很麻烦。14. somewhat adv. 稍微，有点It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.（要他回答这个问题有点难。）I felt somewhat awkward when I couldnt remember his name.当我记不起他的名字时，我有点尴尬。The working conditions in this factory have somewhat improved.这家工厂的工作条件已有所改善。15. blast n. 疾风，强风；爆炸v.炸，炸掉A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.一股冷气使他浑身战栗。Furious blasts of thunder frightened everybody.一阵阵的霹雳炸雷吓坏了所有的人。The driver blasted the horn continuously.司机不停地按喇叭。Rock music blasted from the hall and the whole building seemed to be shaking.震天的摇滚乐从客厅传来，整座房子似乎都在摇动。They decided to blast through the mountains. 他们打算炸山开路。16.crush v. 压碎；镇压，压倒The machine can crush rocks into powder.那台机器能把石头碾成粉末。You must remember poverty should not crush ones spirit.你必须记住不应该因贫困而意志消沉。We didnt expect that they would crush us into this tiny room.我们没有料到他们会让我们挤在这个小房间里。Can you imagine that debts are crushing them？你能想像到债务正压得他们喘不过气来吗？17. destroy v. 破坏，毁灭；消灭Several buildings were destroyed by the bomb.几座建筑物都被炸弹炸毁了。He destroyed the letter as soon as he had read it.他一读完就把信毁了。I really dont want to destroy the friendship between us.我真不想毁坏我们之间的友谊。The loss of his wife and son finally destroyed him.失去妻儿最终击败了他。This poison can destroy rats.这种毒药可灭鼠。18. impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，感人的impression n. 印象impress v. 给极深的印象She is trying to build an impressive international reputation.她正努力建立令人难忘的国际声誉。She said that all the places she had visited in China were impressive.她说她所游览过的中国的每一个地方都给她留下了深刻的印象。What are your impressions of Beijing？你对北京有何观感？I had the impression that he was a teacher.我记得他好像是个老师。What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.给我印象最深的是这座城市的巨大变化。She wants to impress her new boss with her diligence.（她想以勤奋加深老板对她的印象。）19. experience n 经验；经历v. 经历，遭受experienced adj. 有经验的With no teaching experience my chances of getting the job are slight.我没有教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性很小。He is a man of rich experience.他是一个经验丰富的人。Everyone can learn a lot from his own experience.每一个人都从自己的经历中学到很多东西。His experience in the country could be used as material for his writing.他在农村的经历可以作为他的写作素材。He experienced a lot of hardships when he was abroad.他在国外时经历了许多艰辛。We need someone more experienced to help us.我们需要更有经验的人来帮助我们。He is more experienced than I am in planting trees.在植树方面他比我有经验。20. immediately adv. 即刻地；紧密地immediate adj. 立刻的；最接近的He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.他说他得立即去医院。She finished one cup of coffee and asked for another immediately.她喝完一杯咖啡马上又要了一杯。The post office is immediately next to the bank.邮局紧挨着银行。You have to give them an immediate reply.你得立刻答复他们。It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.你必须得到顶头上司的支持。本课主要构词法affixation（词缀法）1.形容词后缀 -fulbeautiful，useful，2.形容词后缀 -iveimpressive3.形容词后缀 -y greasy4.名词后缀 -ationcombination，formation5.名词后缀 -ure pressure6.名词后缀 -y discovery7.名词后缀 -er traveler，miner8.名词后缀 -ful handful9.副词后缀 -ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，10.副词后缀 -ward upward课文简介本课主要介绍了钻石的特性、形成、分布以及开采方式。读了本课，你会了解钻石的形成与数百万年前的地壳运动有关；你也会了解深受上至达官贵人下至普通百姓喜爱的“恒久远”的钻石在刚开采出来时并不光彩照人。本课语言点1. They are the hardest substance found in nature.本句中found in nature是定语从句，修饰substance.定语从句中省略了that are.这种省略现象在定语从句中很常见，在前几个单元中，我们遇到过多次。请看下面的句子：1） There are many books （that） Id like to read. （有很多书我想看。）2） He is a man （that） we all like and trust. （他是一个我们大家喜欢和信赖的人。）3） This is the most interesting film （that） I have ever seen. （这是我看过的最有意思的电影）先行词的前面有形容词最高级时，定语从句必须用that引导，而不用which.请看下面的句子：1） This is the most beautiful place （that） I have ever visited. （这是我游览过的最美丽的地方。）2） This is the most serious problem （that） we have ever met. （这是我们遇到过的最严重的问题。）3） They are the richest people （that are） living in this area. （他们是住在这一地区的最富有的人。）本句中的hardest意思为“坚硬的”“坚固的”，而不是“困难的”。请看下面的句子：1） This nut is as hard as rock. （这果子硬得像岩石。）2） He found it hard to make friends. （他觉得交朋友很困难。）2. That means a diamond can cut any other surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.mean是一个很常见的词，本句中的意思是“意味着”。mean还有“意欲，企图，打算”的意思。请看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：1） What do you mean by saying this to me？ （你对我说这个是什么意思？）2） Friendship means everything to him. （友谊对他来说意味着一切。）3） The teachers praise meant so