西安交通大学综合英语课后完形填空.doc

西安交通大学综合英语课后完形填空1. Guilt can be a feeling of _ about an action or situation in which you had some culpability or _. Sometimes we can feel guilt even there is no _.Any ideas about what has _ the guilt? What is of interest in our context is the neurotic sense of guilt which is a form of _ mostly connected to repressed, murderous rage. The person feels as if he had _ moral crime.Does too much _ really cause too much guilt? Harsh parenting leads to decreased _, guilt, and self-control. Children are more likely to _ a sense of morality/ conscience if parents use induction. Guilt means that a person does something that _ their moral code, _ system, or their sense of right/ wrong and good/ bad. In other words, once they do something _ their duty, people will have the sense of guilt. In the final analysis we judge things by whether they _fthe purpose for which they were made. It is a _ accepted principle that one cannot condemn something for _to achieve what it was never t_eto achieve. If man is merely a biochemical machine, he cannot be _ on any moral grounds _cthe behavior of machines is predetermined by their very _ and is in no sense “moral”.2.Everything that the human race has done and thought is _ with the satisfaction of _ felt needs and the assuagement of pain. One has to keep this constantly in mind if one wishes to understand spiritual _ and their development. Feeling and _ are the motive force behind all human _ and human creation, in however exalted a guise the latter may _themselves to us. Now what are the feelings and needs that have led men to _ thought and belief in the widest sense of the words? A little consideration will _ to show us that the most _ emotions preside over the birth of religious thought and _. With _ man it is above all fear that _ religious notionsfear of hunger, wild beasts, sickness, death. Since at this_ of existence understanding of causal connections is usually _ developed, the human mind _ illusory beings more or less analogous to itself on whose wills and actions these fearful happenings _ . Thus one tries to secure the favor of these beings by carrying out actions and offering sacrifices which, according to the tradition _ down from generation to generation, propitiate them or make them well _ toward a mortal. In this sense I am speaking of a religion of fear. This, though not created, is in an important _ stabilized by the formation of a special priestly caste which sets itself up as a mediator the people and the beings they fear, and erects a hegemony on this _ .3.A variety of simple techniques can prevent computer crimes, but more _ methods are also necessary to prevent computer crimes.One technique to _ confidentiality is encryption. Information can be scrambled and unscrambled using mathematical equations and a secret code named a key. Two keys are usually _ , one to encode and the _ to decode the information. The key that encodes the data, called the_ key, is possessed by_ the sender. The key that decodes the data, called the _ key, may be possessed by several receivers. The keys are modified _ , further hampering unauthorized access and making the encrypted information difficult to decode or _ .Another technique to prevent computer crime is to _ access of computer data files to _ users. Access-control software verifies computer users and limits their _ to view and alter files. Records can be made of the files accessed, thereby making users _ for their actions. Military organizations give access rights to classified, confidential, secret, or top secret information according to the corresponding security clearance level of the user. Passwords are _ sequences of characters that give approved level users _ to computer. To be effective, passwords must be _ to guess. Effective passwords contain a _ of characters and _ that are not real words. 5.Though its never fun to be stuck on a _ plane, it can be excruciating on long-haul flights like the ones to Europe that so many _ are about to take. And with load factorsthe percentage of seats filledexpected to reach 90 percent or more on many days this summer, finding space to stretch out is harder than ever.Flight between the United States and Europe are particularly _ in August, when travelers returning from vacations abroad are also competing with Europeans_ their holiday trips to the United Sates. And so far, botched car bombings in London and Glasgow dont _ to be deterring travelers to Britain.Anyone with the _ can pay more to stretch out in business or first class, but most travelers end up in coach, smashed up _ a window, bumped by beverage carts in the aisle or worsein the _ middle seat. But even without an upgrade or elite status in a frequent-flier program, its _ to nab a spot on a plane with plenty of empty seatsif you know what to look for.To help you find some room in the skyand avoid that spot in the middleheres a guide to _ crowded planes to Europe this summer.Some of the least-packed planes to _ European destinations are flown by airlines you might not think of. Take Los Angeles to Frankfurt. Its no_ that the German carrier Lufthansa is one of the most popular airlines on that _ . Last August, 90 percent of its seats were _ , according to Back Aviation Solutions, an industry consulting firm. But Air India, which files that _ route on its way to New Delhi, was only half full last August. While its _ to predict how full a particular flight will _ be this summer, Frederick Roe, regional manager at Back Aviation Solutions, said that taking a look at how full planes were on a _ route last summer “can be indicative” of what to_ this year.7.It used to be that_ things started to unravel in almost any Asian country it was easy to finger the culprit: Americanization. Are families falling apart? Dig out the American_ rates. Kids joining gangs? Talk about Los Angeles and American movies. Rock groups replacing the gamelan? Must be the _ TV programs. The environment in ruins? _ New Yorks air conditioners. AIDS? Thats a _ disease, the Thais once said confidently _ more and more warehouse-sized “massage parlors” opened.Now in cities, towns and satellite-dished villages _ Asiaand in other parts of the world _ rising incomes and greater access to goods and information are _ consumerism and speeding modernizationit is getting much harder to hold the _ , particularly the United States, responsible for assaults_ local cultures.Worldwide communicationsespecially satellite television, the fax machine and the Internet_ the narrowing of cultural differences. Not everything novel comes from the West, _ if most of these now-universal fashions were first popularized_ richer Western countries. If trends are set by Japan, this is because the Japanese were the first to break _ the top ranks of technology and trade, not only in the region but also worldwide. Others will _ in other regions.An American diplomat said he was _ by this trend when a Korean radical wearing jeans and smoking an American cigarette lectured him on the perverse effects of American influence. Many Southeast Asians have _ traditional costumes for business suits _ because Western business people dress that way _ because the Japanese and Taiwanese do.8.The noun “Clone” and the _ “to Clone” are not used consistently. In biology, a clone is a cell or organism that is genetically _ to another cell or organism. Many simple organisms such as bacteria reproduce _ by copying their DNA and _ in half. The two bacteria that result from this form of a sexual reproduction are_ identical; they are_ of each other. In contrast, during the process of _ reproduction, the nucleus of a sperm cell, which _ the fathers DNA, fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell, _ contains the mothers DNA. The resulting offspring carry genetic material from both parents and are not identical to _ parent.The verb “to Clone” refers to the process of creating cloned cells or _ . The process _ , _ on the kinds of cells used in the cloning procedure and the desired result. Usually, when scientists clone an animal, they_ the nucleus of a cellwhich contains chromosomes made _ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteinsand_ it into an egg cell (also called an oocyte) _ which the nucleus has been removed. The egg cell then _ to produce an embryo that develops into an animal, if the procedures work_ planned.11.Millions of Americans get poked, proddedand cut openall in the name of _ . But last weeks death of novelist Olivia Goldsmith from_ during plastic surgery provides a sharp _ that surgery, and surgery, is inherently risky.Plastic surgery, like most surgeries, is _ safe. Anesthesia-related deaths in 1 in 250,000 procedures, says the American Society of Anesthesiologists. But Goldsmiths _ is a reminder that “plastic surgery isnt a _ benefit,” says Nancy Etcoff, psychologist at Harvard Medical School and author of Survival of the Prettiest. “It isnt someone waving a magic wand and you look better. Youre subjecting yourself to _ dangers.”Cosmetic procedures by plastic surgeons have _ 195% since 1992, and about 6.6 million Americans had procedures in 2002, according to the plastic surgeons society. Risks range from ugly _ and illness to death.Diane Sanders, a commercial property manager from Dallas, says she understood the risks when she had facial plastic surgery three years ago. But that didnt stop her. Goldsmiths death “is a one-in-a-million _ ? thing,” says Sanders, 56. “You cant to through life just _ behind everything. Youre got to think, Well, that was an _ . Its not going to happen to me.”Even a small risk should be considered carefully, doctors say.“You have to ask yourself, How_ is it for me to have my face lifted?” says Roger Litwiller, president of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. “If its very important, then you do everything you can to _ that risk.” That includes checking a physicians qualifications and making sure surgical facilities can handle emergencies.In a youth-driven culture, its easy to understand why people _ the risk, Etcoff says.The surgery provides people “a whole new_ to look any way they want,” Etcoff says. “It used to be people would go into _ and say, I want Meg Ryans hairdo. Now its I want her nose, her chin.”12.Cambridge University is an English autonomous_ of higher learning at Cambridge, Cambridge shire, Eng., on the River Cam 50 miles north of London.The start of the university is generally _ as 1209, when scholars from Oxford _ to Cambridge to escape Oxfords riots of “town and gown” (townspeople _ scholars). In 1633 the Lucasian professorship of mathematics was founded under the _ of a former member of the university, and six years later the first holder resigned in _ of Isaac Newton, then a young fellow of Trinity. In 1871 the university _ the Cavendish professorship of experimental physics and began the building of the Cavendish Laboratory. James Clerk Maxwell was the first professor, beginning a leadership in physics at the university that would be