汽车举升机外文资料翻译078（万峰设计英文翻译）.doc

中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 成立华 学 号： 05207514 2011 年 2 月 10 日外文资料翻译译文汽车举升机汽车举升机是用于汽车维修过程中举升汽车的设备，汽车开到举升机工位，通过人工操作可使汽车举升一定的高度，便于汽车维修。举升机在汽车维修养护中发挥着非常重要的作用，现在的维修厂都配备了举升机，举升机是汽车维修厂的必备设备。 汽车举升机安全使用操作规程： 一、使用前应清除举升机附近妨碍作业的器具及杂物，并检查操作手柄是否正常。 二、操作机构灵敏有效，液压系统不允许有爬行现象。 三、支车时，四个支角应在同一平面上，调整支角胶垫高度使其接触车辆底盘支撑部位。 四、支车时，车辆不可支的过高，支起后四个托架要锁紧。 五、待举升车辆驶入后，应将举升机支撑块调整移动对正该车型规定的举升点。 六、举升时人员应离开车辆，举升到需要高度时，必须插入保险锁销，并确保安全可靠才可开始车底作业。 七、除低保及小修项目外，其他繁琐笨重作业，不得在举升器上操作修理。 八、举升器不得频繁起落。 九、支车时举升要稳，降落要慢。 十、有人作业时严禁升降举升机。 十一、发现操作机构不灵，电机不同步，托架不平或液压部分漏油，应及时报修，不得带病操作。 十二、作业完毕应清除杂物，打扫举升机周围以保持场地整洁。 十三、定期（半年）排除举升机油缸积水，并检查油量，油量不足应及时加注相同牌号的压力油。同时应检查润滑、举升机传动齿轮及缝条。汽车举升机的用途按照功能可分为四轮定位型和平板式；按照占用的空间不同可分为地上式和地藏式；地上式无需挖槽，适用于任何修理厂，有一些楼板上不适合安装二柱举升机以及普通四柱举升机，而本机器与楼板接触面广，这样可以安装在任何可以开车的楼板上面，解决客户场地问题。剪式举升机比两柱和四柱举升机最大的好处是不占用空间，方便使用，不足之处则是补油平衡要求很严格，而且需配备控制箱，造价较贵。 举升机的形式也比较繁多，从立柱构造来分类，主要有单柱式举升机、双柱式举升机、四柱式举升机、剪式举升机和地沟式举升机等。 一、单柱式举升机 单柱式举升机是将停放在地面上的轿车等交通工具举升到一定的高度进行维修的专用设备,是一种典型的用于汽车及工程车辆的局部举升，以便更换车轮轮胎或对车辆底盘进行各种维修作业的机具。单柱举升机操作容易、美观、不占用空间便能将重物方便省力的举起。具有省时省力的效果,不用时完全放置于地面，方便汽车倒车和放置物品,是汽车修理不可缺少的机具。 单柱车辆举升机分可移动式的和固定式的两种型号。单柱移动式举升机适用于室内外场地，单柱固定式举升机适用于室内面积较为紧凑的场所。 二、双柱式举升机 双柱式汽车举升机是一种汽车修理和保养单位常用的专用机械举升设备，广泛应用于轿车等小型车的维修和保养。双柱式汽车举升机将汽车举升在空中的同时可以节省大量的地面空间，方便地面作业。但是双柱式汽车举升机为了最大的节省材料，一般都去掉了底板。由于没有底板，使得立柱的扭力需要靠地面来抵消，所以对地基要求很高，若是有横梁（龙门举升机）就靠横梁抵消。 双柱式举升机有对称式和非对称式两种。对称式举升机四根臂的臂长大致相等，这样使得汽车中心（或质心）处于立柱的中间位置，对于皮卡和箱式货车等类型的汽车的日常维修来说这种对称式举升机可能是最佳的选择。但是对于一些柱间宽度不够大的对称式双柱式举升机来说，汽车举升后不能打开车门是一个很大的缺点。非对称式举升机的立柱向后旋转了一个角度（大约30），并且前臂比后臂稍微短一些。当把汽车停放到这种非对称式的举升机适当位置时，车的位置就向后移动了一些，因此，我们就很容易地从车门进出。而且，这种非对称式举升机转动的立柱，可以确保车辆的重心安全地定位在立柱之间。 三、四柱式举升机 四柱式汽车举升机是一种大吨位汽车或货车修理和保养单位常用的专用机械举升设备，四柱式汽车举升机也很适合于四轮定位用，因为一般四柱式汽车举升机都有一四轮定位档位，可以调整，可以确保水平。四柱举升机按其结构又分为上油缸式以及下油缸式两种。上油缸式四柱举升机其油缸置于立柱顶部（带横梁），下油缸式的油缸置于平板下面。上油缸式四柱举升机主要依靠四根链条拉起四个角，拉力油缸置于顶部，这种结构简单，但自重增加。多数上油缸式四柱举升机二次举升为手动或气动，修理工需要跑到底下操作，这对于经常使用二次举升的用户不方便和不安全。保险装置为气动装置，若没有气源则比较麻烦。下油缸四柱举升机主要依靠四根粗钢索拉起四角，拉力油缸置于平板下面，通过六个圆盘将力传达四面。这种结构比较紧凑，自重降低。二次举升一般为电动液压，和主泵连接在一起，只要转动转换阀即可，升降速度快，保险装置为楔块式，四个楔块利用拉杆联动，扳动拉杆就可打开保险装置，方便耐用。 四、剪式举升机 剪式举升机执行部分采用剪式叠杆形式,电力驱动机械传动结构，目前广泛用于大型车辆维修。剪式举升机的举升速度适中且不占用车坑位置，对于一些车型相对固定，工作强度大（如在公共汽车）的修理领域无疑是最好的选择。而且由于结构简单，同步性好，一般常用作四轮定位仪的平台。 剪式举升机分为大剪（子母式），小剪（单剪）举升机，超薄系列剪式举升机等几种类型。 小剪举升机主要用于汽车维修保养，安全性高，操作方便。挖槽后与地面相平。 大剪举升机涌出比较多，是配合四轮定位仪德最佳设备，并可以做为汽车维修，轮胎，底盘检修用。可以挖槽，也可以直接安装在地面上。 超薄系列剪式举升机无需挖槽，适用于任何修理厂，有一些楼板上不适合安装二柱举升机以及普通四柱举升机，而本机器与楼板接触面广，这样可以安装在任何可以开车的楼板上面，解决客户场地问题。这类机器是今后的主流产品，国外大规模使用本类产品。 五、地沟式举升机 地沟式举升机是大型客车维修的理想设备，对空间较低的厂房更为实用,且物美价廉。地沟式汽车举升机，安装于地沟上面两沿边轨道上，一般采用电动驱动方式，蜗杆、蜗轮减速，从而带动丝杆、举升大梁升降。这种设计方式使得地沟式举升机移动更灵活，举升力更大，升降平稳，操作安装极为方便，是各种针对大客车、货车进行维修的维修企业最为理想的举升设备。地沟跑道式四轮定位举升机前轮转角盘(选购件)位置可调，加长后轮滑板，适合各种车型定位测量。 从举升机的驱动类型来分类，目前主要分为气动、液压、机械式三大类。其中尤以液动居多，机械式次之，气动最少，下面简单介绍下液压类和机械类的举升机优劣。 一、机械式举升机 机械式举升机主要有单电机驱动的螺纹传动举升机和双电机驱动的螺纹传动举升机。机械式举升机流行于1992-1998年间，主要由宝得宝,衡臣,中大,申侠生产，该类举升机特点是同步性好，由于一般多为电机驱动，螺杆传动，它不存在漏油污染问题，且自锁保护简单易行。但由于机械磨损维护成本高（经常需要更换铜锣母以及轴承），每年一台举升机的维修更换需要1000元左右，客户最终会将该产品更换为维护成本小的液压举升机。 二、液压式举升机 液压式举升机的特点是平稳、噪音小、力量大，缺点是用久之后易漏油，污染工作环境。但是液压式举升机维护成本低，油缸使用510年没问题，而且就举升机的发展趋势而言，一定是朝着安全、简便、使用寿命长、噪音小、价格低廉的方向发展，因此液压式举升机必将是今后举升机市场发展的主流。 液压举升机分为两种一种是单缸举升机，一种是双缸举升机。 单缸液压举升机的优点是：同步性好，不存在颠簸现象，带厚底板，举升机得扭力靠底板抵消，容易调平，整机安全性好，适用于地基较差的地方。 双缸举升机又分为两种：龙门式举升机和薄地板举升机，由于是双缸，同步问题难以解决，往往靠两根钢丝绳来平衡，油缸以及钢丝绳要调整得松紧一致，举升机才可以同步。 外文原文Auto Lift Car lift for car repair cars during the Lifting equipment, car drive to lift station, through the manual a certain height can lift cars, easy car maintenance. Lift in the automotive repair and maintenance plays a very important role in the maintenance of plants are now equipped with a lift, lift a car repair workshop in the necessary equipment. Practice for the safe use of automotive lift First, the use should be cleared prior to impede the operation of the apparatus near the lift and debris, and check the operating handle is normal. Second, sensitive and effective operating mechanism, the hydraulic system does not allow a creeping phenomenon. Third, the support car, four branch angle should be in the same plane, adjusting the angle of cushion supporting a high degree of exposure to vehicle chassis to support the site. Fourth, support, the vehicle can not support the high support bracket to lock from the last four. Fifth, to be closed to traffic after the lift should lift support block Move to the provisions of the model is the lifting point. Sixth, should leave the vehicle when lifting, lifting rise requires a high degree, you must insert the safety lock pin, and to ensure safe and reliable vehicle operation can begin. Seven, in addition to guaranteeing and small repair projects, other cumbersome heavy work, lifting devices may not operate repairs. Eighth, no frequent lifting jack ups and downs. Ninth, car lift to support stable, slower landing. Ten, some operations are forbidden to lift off and landing. Eleventh, found that operator not working, the motor is not synchronized, the frame is uneven or hydraulic part that is leaking, and the Times should be revised, not sick operation.Twelfth , the job is completed should be cleared debris around the lift to keep the venue clean and tidy. Thirteen, on a regular basis (six months) to exclude lift water tank and check oil, fuel shortage should promptly raise the pressure of the same grade of oil. Lubrication should be checked at the same time, lift drive gear and the joint bar. The use of vehicle lift capabilities can be divided into four wheel alignment according to type peace panel; in accordance with the amount of space can be divided into the ground and in Tibetan style; ground type without chamfer, apply to any repair shop, there are some floor is not the second column are suitable for ordinary four-post lift and lift, while the floor of the machine and wide exposure, which can be installed on any floor above the drive to solve customer premises problems. Scissor Lift than two columns and four-post lift is the biggest advantage of space, easy to use, fill the inadequacies of the oil balance is very strict, and be equipped with control box, cost more expensive. Lift is also more diverse forms, from the column structure to categorize, there are single-pole lift, double-column lifts, four post lifts, scissor lift and the trench Lift, etc. . First, single column lift Single column lift is the car parked on the ground and other modes of transport give rise to a certain height for maintenance of special equipment, is a typical automobile and construction vehicles for the local lift to replace the tire or wheel a variety of chassis equipment maintenance operations. Easy to single column lift, beautiful, does not occupy space can be very convenient to lift heavy objects. The effect of a time-saving when not fully placed in the ground, convenient car parking and placement of objects is essential automotive repair equipment. Single-column vehicle lift points can be mobile and fixed-style models. Single-column mobile lift for indoor and outdoor venues, single column lift for indoor fixed area of more compact places. Second, double-column Lifter Dual-column vehicle lift is a unit of auto repair and maintenance machinery commonly used lifting devices, widely used in cars and other small car repair and maintenance. Dual-column vehicle lift the car lift in the air at the same time can save a lot of floor space, easy ground handling. But the dual-column vehicle lift for maximum material savings, are generally removed the floor. Since there is no bottom, making columns of torque to rely on the ground to offset, so demanding on the ground, if there is a beam (gantry lift) to offset by the beam. Two-column lift with symmetric and asymmetric two. Symmetrical Lift four arm arm length roughly equal, which makes automotive center (or centroid) in the middle column, for pickup trucks and vans and other types of vehicles for routine maintenance of this symmetry Lift may be the best choice. However, the width between columns is not enough for some big lift for the symmetric double-column, can not open the door after the car lift is a big disadvantage. Lift the column of non-symmetric rotation of a back angle (approximately 30 ), and forearm arm slightly shorter than the latter. When the car park to the lift this non-symmetric proper position, the cars location to move back some, so we can easily access from the door. Moreover, this asymmetric lift column rotation to ensure the safety of vehicles center of gravity positioned between the columns. Third, the four-post Lift Four-car lift is a large tonnage car or truck repair and maintenance units of the special mechanical lifting devices commonly used, four-post car lift for wheel alignment is also used, because the general four-post car lift helicopter has a gear wheel alignment can be adjusted to ensure that level. Its structure is divided into four-post lift on the cylinder type and the next cylinder two. On the cylinder-type four-post lift in the fuel tanks placed on top of the column (with beams), the fuel tank placed under the cylinder-type flat below. Four-post lift on the cylinder-type mainly depends on four corners of the chain pull, pull fuel tank on the top, this structure is simple, but the weight increase. Most of the secondary lift cylinder-type four-post lift for manual or pneumatic, mechanic needs to go under the operation, which often use the second lift for the inconvenience and insecurity in users. Safety device for the pneumatic device, if there is no gas supply is too much trouble. Mainly depend on the next cylinder four-post lift from the four corners of crude steel Sola, rally plate cylinder placed below the disc will force conveyed through six sides. The structure is compact, weight decreased. Electric hydraulic lift is usually the second, and the main pump connected together, as long as you can turn the switching valve, lifting speed, safety device for the wedge, the four bar linkage using wedges, flip lever can be a safety device , convenient and durable. Fourth, Scissor Lift Scissor Lift Scissor operative stacked bar using the form of power-driven mechanical transmission structure, is widely used for large vehicle maintenance. Scissor Lift lifting moderate speed car pit and does not take place, for some models is relatively fixed, work intensity (as in bus) of the repair area is the best choice. And because of simple structure, good synchronization, commonly used for wheel alignment platform. Scissor Lift into large cut (cluster-type), small scissors (single cut) lift, ultra-thin Series Scissor Lift and other types. Small scissors lift is mainly used for vehicle maintenance, safe, easy to operate. Trench level with the ground after. Emission cut more big lift, wheel alignment with Germany is the best equipment, and can be used as vehicle maintenance, tires, chassis, repair of. To Trench, also can be installed directly on the ground. Slim Series Scissor Lift without chamfer, apply to any repair shop, there are not suitable for installation on the second floor lift, and the general four-post lift column, and the exposure to a wide range of machines and the floor, so you can install can drive the floor in any above, resolve customer field issues. Such machines are the future of mainstream products, foreign large-scale use of the products. Fifth. trench Lift Trench Lift is ideal for large bus maintenance, lower plant space more practical and inexpensive. Trench car lift, installed in the trench above the two-track along the border, the general use of electric drive, worm gear, thereby driving screw, lifting beam lifting. This design approach allows more flexibility in moving trench Lift, a greater lifting force, lift smoothly, the installation is very easy for all kinds of buses, trucks for maintenance of the maintenance business the most ideal lifting equipment. Lift wheel alignment trench raceway corner front panel (optional) adjustable, extended rear wheel slide, position measurement for a variety of models. Lift the drive from the type of classification, currently divided into pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical three categories. The majority of them in particular hydraulic, mechanical, followed by air at least, the following brief introduction of the hydraulic lift category and the merits of machinery. First, the mechanical lift Mechanical Lift the main threads of a single drive motor and dual lift drive motor-driven screw lift. Mechanical Lift popular in 1992-1998 years, mainly by the Po Depot, Heng Chen, Zhongshan University, Shen Xia production, such synchronization is characterized by a good lift, mostly due to the general motor drive, screw drive, oil pollution problem i