GMAT资料GWD-TN-7.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除GWD-TN-7-GWD-9-Q1A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomers Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americansthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.A. Black Americansthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManB. Black Americansincluding Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph EllisonC. a Black Americanincluding Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManD. a Black Americanthe others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManE. a Black Americanthe others being Richard Wrights Native Son and Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man-GWD-9-Q2:In an attempt to produce premium oysters, a firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a submersible oyster farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it provides ideal conditions for the mollusks growth.A. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it providesB. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean for providingC. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and providingD. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and providesE. farm that is sitting below the surface of the ocean and it provides-GWD-9-Q3:Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many peopleB. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many peopleC. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many peopleD. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people areE. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are-精品文档GWD-9-Q4-Q7 N-17-Q5-18 G-9-Q4-Q7 By the sixteenth century, the Incas of South America ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now Ecuador to central Chile. While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists, the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent of the principal Andean food crops can be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only 20 percent reproduce readily above 9,000 feet. Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs. In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control. Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible. The commodities produced in these zones were extracted, processed, and transported entirely by members of a single group. This strategy of direct access to a maximum number of ecological zones by a single group is called vertical economy. Even today, one can see Andean communities maintaining use rights simultaneously to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet, and to plots of warm-land crops in regions below 6,000 feet. This strategy has two principal variations. The first is “compressed verticality,” in which a single village resides in a location that permits easy access to closely located ecological zones. Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community. Community members may reside temporarily in one of the lower zones to manage the extraction of products unavailable in the homeland. In the second variation, called the “vertical archipelago,” the village exploits resources in widely dispersed locations, constituting a series of independent production “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations. There the colonists grew crops and extracted products for their own use and for transshipment back to their high-altitude compatriots. In contrast to the compressed verticality system, in this system, commodities rather than people circulated through the archipelago.-GWD-9-Q4 N-17-Q5 G-9-Q4:According to the passage, which of the following is true about the preindustrial long distance trade networks mentioned in line 22 ?A. They were not used extensively in most of the preindustrial world.B. They were used to some extent by the people of the Andean highlands.C. They were not an effective means of solving the problem of different resource distribution.D. They necessitated the establishment of permanent satellite communities in widely dispersed locations.E. They were useful only for the transportation of products from warm climatic zones.-GWD-9-Q5 N-17-Q6:According to the passage, the inhabitants of the Andean highlands resolved the problem of unequal resource distribution primarily in which of the following ways?A. Following self-sufficient agricultural practicesB. Increasing commodity production from the ecological zones in the highland basinsC. Increasing their reliance on long-distance trade networksD. Establishing satellite communities throughout the Andean highlandsE. Establishing production forces in ecological zones beyond their parent communities-GWD-9-Q6 N-17-Q7:The passage suggests that as a way of addressing the problem of different resource distribution in the preindustrial world, the practice of vertical economy differed from the use of long-distance trade networks in that vertical economy allowedA. commodities to reach the end consumer fasterB. a wide variety of agricultural goods to reach the end consumerC. a single group to maintain control over the production processD. greater access to commodities from lower, warmer climatic zonesE. greater use of self-sufficient agricultural techniques-GWD-9-Q7 N-17-Q8 G-9-Q7:The passage suggests that for an Andean highland village attempting to resolve the problem of unequal resource distribution, the strategy known as compressed verticality would probably be inappropriate for which of the following situations?A. The villages location is such that it is difficult for the village to participate in long-distance trade networks.B. The village does not have the resources to establish permanent satellite communities in production zones beyond the home community.C. The warm-land crop regions nearest to the village are all below 6,000 feet.D. The location of the village does not provide ready access to an adequate variety of ecological zones.E. The nearest crop production zones are located below the village, while the nearest pasturelands are located above the village.GWD-9-Q8:Many large department stores in Montalia now provide shopping carts for their customers. Since customers using shopping carts tend to buy more than those without shopping carts, most of these stores are experiencing strong sales growth, while most other department stores are not. Therefore, in order to boost sales, managers of Jerrods, Montalias premier department store, are planning to purchase shopping carts and make them available to the stores customers next month.Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt whether the managers plan, if implemented, will achieve its goal?A. Since most customers associate shopping carts with low-quality discount stores, Jerrods high-quality image would likely suffer if shopping carts were introduced.B. Because the unemployment rate has declined to very low levels, Jerrods now has to pay significantly higher wages in order to retain its staff.C. A number of department stores that did not make shopping carts available to their customers have had to close recently due to falling profits.D. Shopping carts are not very expensive, but they generally need to be replaced every few years.E. Stores that make shopping carts available to their customers usually have to hire people to retrieve the carts from parking areas.-GWD-9-Q9-Q11 G-9-Q9-Q11: Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costsand therefore compliancefall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs. Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can (45) help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations (50) will affect their companies specifically.-GWD-9-Q9 G-9-Q9:Which of the following hypothetical examples would best illustrate the point the author makes in lines 40-51 (“By realizing specifically.”)?A. Believing its closest competitor is about to do the same, a plant reduces its output of a toxic chemical at great cost in order to comply with environmental regulations.B. In the face of new environmental regulations, a plant maintains its production methods and passes the costs of compliance on to its customers.C. A plants manager learns of a competitors methods of lowering environmental compliance costs but is reluctant to implement those methods.D. Having learned of an upcoming environmental ban on a certain chemical, a company designs its new plant to employ processes that avoid use of that chemical.E. A plant attempts to save money by refusing to comply with environmental laws.-GWD-9-Q10 G-9-Q10:According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?A. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.B. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.D. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.E. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.-GWD-9-11 G-9-Q11:The passage suggests which of the following concerning the relationship between the location of a plant and the compliance costs it faces?A. A plant is less likely to face high compliance costs if it is located near larger plants that are in violation of environmental regulations.B. An isolated plant is less likely to draw the attention of environmental regulators, resulting in lower compliance costs.C. A large plant that is located near other large facilities will most probably be forced to pay high compliance costs.D. A small plant that is located near a number of larger plants will be forced to absorb some of its neighbors compliance costs.E. A plant will often escape high compliance costs if it is located far away from environmental regulatory agencies.-GWD-9-Q12:A mosquito bite can transmit to a person the parasite that causes malaria, and the use of mosquito nets over childrens beds can significantly reduce the incidence of malarial infection for children in areas where malaria is common. Yet public health officials are reluctant to recommend the use of mosquito nets over childrens beds in such areas. Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest grounds for the public health officials reluctance?A. Early exposure to malaria increases the bodys resistance to it and results in a lesser likelihood of severe life-threatening episodes of malaria.B. Mosquito bites can transmit to people diseases other than malaria. C. Mosquito nets provide protection from some insect pests other than mosquitoes.D. Although there are vaccines available for many childhood diseases, no vaccine has been developed that is effective against malaria.E. The pesticides that are most effective against mosquitoes in regions where malaria is common have significant detrimental effects on human health.-GWD-9-Q13:Fact: Asthma, a bronchial condition, is much less common ailment than hay fever, an allergic inflammation of the nasal passages.Fact: over 95 percent of people who have asthma also suffer from hay fever.If the information given as facts above is true, which of the following must also be true?A. Hay fever is a prerequisite for the development of asthmaB. Asthma is a prerequisite for the development of hay feverC. Those who have neither hay fever nor asthma comprise less than 5 percent of the total populationD. The number of people who have both of these ailments is greater than the number of people who have only one of themE. The percentage of people suffering from hay fever who also have asthma is lower than 95 percent.-GWD-9-Q14:The Eurasian ruffe, a fish species inadvertently introduced into North Americas Great Lakes in recent years, feeds on the eggs of lake whitefish, a native species, thus threatening the lakes natural ecosystem. To help track the ruffes spread, government agencies have produced wallet-sized cards about the ruffe. The cards contain pictures of the ruffe and explain the danger they pose; the cards also request anglers to report any ruffe they catch.Which of the following, if true, would provide most support for the prediction that the agencies action will have its intended effect?A. The ruffe has spiny fins that make it unattractive as prey.B. Ruffe generally feed at night, but most recreational fishing on the Great Lakes is done during daytime hours.C. Most people who fish recreationally on the Great Lakes are interested in the preservation of the lake whitefish because it is a highly prized game fish.D. The ruffe is one of several nonnative species in the Great Lakes whose existence threatens the survival of lake whitefish populations there.E. The bait that most people use when fishing for whitefish on the Great Lakes is not attractive to ruffe.-GWD-9-Q15:Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldiers pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.A. 22, was injured three tim