从句注意点.doc

从句注意点状语从句1 When, while和as When引导的从句谓语可以终止或者瞬间性动词，注意如果主句又出现was / were about to do, was / were doing, had done这样的时态多用when引导从句，此时when表“正在此时，突然 ”While 表示时间段，（=during the time when），从句中动词只用延续性动词；另一个重要关系表示对照，弱转折“然而 ”As 侧重动作的同时性，表示“一边。一边 ”还表示随着渐渐.典型例题1)_ the day for interview was approaching, she began to think about possible interview questions and her answers. A. AsB. WhenC. WhileD. Once2 )They were surprised that a child could work out the problem_they themselves couldnt.A.once B.while C.then D.if3) _ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher.A. WhileB. EvenC. No matterD. Now that4 )Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after5 )I had just decided to call on him _ I received a telephone call from him.A. asB. whileC. whenD. after2. before 的注意点 以及和since表示时间段的差异It was not long beforedid 不久之后就。（时间段设在过去）/ It will not be not long before do (does) 不久之后会。（时间段设在现在看将来）It was not long ago that did就是在不久之前。（强调在过去一点发生。）Since 所引导的从句中谓语动词多用过去式，主句谓语动词多用现在完成时；但是注意特殊句 Its / It has been a long time since did 自从。已经很久了（时间段设在过去持续到现在）典型例题1 ) -What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. since B. when C. before D. after2 )It was three years _ we finally met again.A. thatB. whenC. beforeD. since3 )It was 3 years ago _ he came back. A. since B. that C. beforeD. when 4 )It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not be will knowB. is will knowC. will not be know D. is know3. 一。就的不同表达以及由此引申的名词词组引导状语从句As soon as, no soonerthan, hardly/ scarcelywhen no sooner.than.，助动词had放在 主语前，所在的主句常用过去完成时， that引导的从 句用一般过去时。no sooner. than与 hardly.when以及scarcely.when 同义， 用法相同。the moment / the minute, the first/secondtime, every / each time, next / last time, by the time等名词性词组可以引导时间状语从句。典型例题1 )Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2)We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her.A. the momentB. the moment whenC. for the momentD. at the moment when3)_ than she started to complain about the traffic.A. Not until she got on the busB. Hardly had she got on the busC. No sooner had she got on the busD. Scarcely did she get on the bus4) _ I saw a woman opening the door for a man, I was very surprised.A. for the first timeB. the first time whenC. the first timeD. at the first time4. By the time 引导时间状语从句注意从句和主句对应的时态：By the time the ambulance arrived, the old woman had come to herself.By the time he graduates from high school, he will have learned Ebglish for 10 years.5. 地点状语从句连词where引导地点状语从句可放句首或者当中，同时充当主句和从句的地点状语，不可替换为in /at which；引导定语从句修饰名词或者代词，前面一定要找出先行词，可与in / at which替换；还要注意和一些名词性从句what表示地点的区分。1) A newly designed sky scrap is being set up _ the World Trade Center used to stood.A. that B. where C. which D. when 2)If you are travelling _ the custom and culture are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A. in which B. what C. when D. where3) Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_ other more well-informed experiments failed.A.which B.that C.what D.where4) Is this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letter? A.where B.which C.in that D.in which6. Until/till与延续性动词连用，主从句都用肯定式；与瞬间性动词连用，主句需用否定式。注意“notuntil”结构的倒装和强调用法的互换。1)It was _ I read the letter _ I knew she was married.A. until whenB. not until whenC. until thatD. not until that2)_ his father came back from work_ his homework. A.Not until; he did B.It wasnt until; when he didC.It was until; that he didnt do D.It wasnt until; that he did7. No matter wh-和wh-ever区别以及关注however/no matter how，whether等特殊用法1)-_ I watch TV, Ill turn it down and never make any noise. - Good. _ you are doing should never disturb others. _ how important you are,never forget about how others feel. A.Whatever; Whenever; No matter B.Whenever; Whatever; No matterC.Whether; Whatever; 不填 D.No matter; Whenever; 不填2)_, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is 8. such 引导状语从句和定语从句区别(1) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like. (2) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like it. (3) It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. that B. which C. as D.but 9. as在让步状语从句中的倒装，将形容词 / 副词 / 名词 / 分词 提前到句首+as+主语+谓语。注意单数名词需要去掉定冠词或者冠词。1) Brave _ young Tom was, he dared not walk alone in the public cemetery at night.A. thatB. asC. althoughD. and2) Important _ the examination is in the evaluation of the students academic results, _ the students are not supposed to devote too much to it.A. as and yetB. though /C. while neverthelessD. how yet10. 如此。以至于so和such的选用1)When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they hadmanaged with _ money.（2011秋季高考）A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little 2) She received _ little education that she cant even teach _ little children.A. so soB. so suchC. such soD. such such3) diligence is _ he has made rapid progress.A. so thatB. such thatC. in order thatD. so as定语从句注意点I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.5用 that的情况 3 不用5用1）先行词是不定代词，如all, anything, everything, nothing, etc. 2）先行词有序数词，最高级修饰3）先行词有only, much, few, little, none, no, all和the very等修饰时4) who 开头的疑问句中5）先行词既有人又有物时3不用that1) 逗号之后2) 介词之后3) Those /anyone who+主句 as (就像，正如)引导非限制性从句，可以放句首：as we all know, as is known to all, as can be seen, as is mentioned / said above, as is pointed out, etc. 先行词如有 the same/ such / as 修饰，关系代词也需用as引导限制性定语从句 关系副词和关系代词的选用 重中之重看先行词在从句里面做的成分。练一练1. We saw a film yesterday afternoon , _we had supper in a nearby restaurant.A.when B.which C.before it D.after which2. There comes a time in every mans life_. A.that he needs to think B.when he has to thinkC.therefore he has to work hard D.then he will need it3. On the third floor there are two rooms, _ is used as a meeting-room.A.one of them B.the larger of whichC.and a larger of of them D.the largest one of which4. - Are you familiar with the music ?- Yes. There was a time _ this kind of music was quite popular. A.when B.that C.with which D.about which5. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations _ would bring about positive emotions.A. which B. where C. why D. as6. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why7. Is this museum _ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one8. Is this school _ you worked two years ago?A. which B. where C. the one D. in which9. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what11. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that12. His speech, _ there were many mistakes, made him lose a lot of supporters.A. whereB. whichC. about whichD. on which13. It is a one-way system _ you invite them to visit and they dont invite you back.A. whereB. whichC. to whomD. of which名词性从句注意点It 引导多种主语从句以及下面b种和as引导的定语从句的常规替换 a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知It has been decided that已决定*可以替换为As is believed, As is known to all, As has been decide,. c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起What在名词性从句中的多面性Lanzhou is not what it used to be（She is not what she used to be）The pilgrims arrived at what is USA now.（where USA is）Is spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.Railway is to transportation what blood is to a mans body.Our factory is much more productive now. This years production is five times what it was ten years ago.What matters is not what you own but what you offer.同位语从句和定语从句的区分make a plan/a decision reach a conclusion thatwho vs.whoever whoever,whatever引导的名词性从句和定语从句anyone who, anything that 的替换1._ surprised me most was_ they had finished the so quickly. A.What; what B.That; that C.That; what D.What; that2._ seems strange to us is _ she can sing so many English songs beautifully.A.It; that B.That; how C.It; Why D.What; that3.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for my brother.A.what B.which C.all what D.不填4.The question came up at the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research.A.whether B.if C.that D.what 5_she is not so healthy _she used to be ?A.How it is that; as B.Why is it that; whatC.Is it why; that D.How is it that; as6. It is _you deal with difficulties that shows_ you are really like.A.what; what B.how; what C.how; that D.which; how7._ be sent to work there ?A.Who do you suggest that should B.Who do you suggestC.Do you suggest whom should D.Do you suggest who should8. We could have a birds eye view of the whole Bund from _.A. we stayedB. what we stayedC. where we stayedD. where we stayed in9. . _ volunteers for blood donation shall, as the president has promised, take a two-week holiday.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. Those whoD. Whoever10. I have several current magazines with me. You can take _ you like most.A. whichB. whicheverC. whateverD. what 高考英语中常见易混句型辨1is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What(1) is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2) is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.2(1) It was 3 years _ he came back. (2) It was 3 years ago _ he came back. (3) It is 3 years _ he came back. A. since B. after C. beforeD. when E. that3、(1)It was midnight _ he returned home. (2)It was at midnight _ he returned home.A. when B. that C. before D. since4、 (1) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, and most of _ women. (2) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _are women. A. them B. them are C. whomD. thatE. most of whom are5、(1)_ hard he works, he wont succeed. (2) Hard_ he works, he wont succeed.(3)_ he works hard, he wont succeed. (4)_his hard work, he wont succeed.A Though (though) B. However (however) C. As (as) D. In (in) spite of E. Although (although)6、(1) Is this school _ you visited the other day? (2)Is this school _ you worked two years ago?(3)Is this the school _ you worked two years ago? A. which B. where C. whatD. the one E. in which7、(1) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like. (2) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like it. A. that B. which C. as D. when 8、(1)Chaplin, for _ life had once been very hard, directed a film about the workers life in an American factory. (2)Chaplin,_ life had once been very hard, directed a film about the workers life in an American factory. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose9 (1)He was ill. Thats _ he was absent from school. (2)He was absent from school. Thats _ he was ill. (3)I dont believe the reason _ he was absent from school. (4)I dont believe the reason _ he explained for his absence from school. A. which B. for which C. for that D. because of which E. because F. why10、(1)_ made his teacher angry. (2)_, his teacher got angry. (3)_, which made his teacher angry. A. He being late B. His being late C. He was late D. His late11、(1) It was not until 12 oclock _home. (2) Not until 12 oclock_