产科英文名词解释.doc

产科英文名词解释1. Fetal lie（胎产式）The term lie refers to the relationship between the long axis of the mother and the long axis of the fetus.2. Fetal presentation（胎先露）The presenting part is the portion of the fetus that descend first through the birth canal.3. Fetal positon（胎方位）The exact fetal position is determined by the relationship of some definite part of the fetus (the guiding point ) to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis.4. Braxton Hicks收缩 The pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation ,these Braxton Hicks Contractions,however, are not positive signs of pregnancy, since similar contractions are sometimes noted in cases of hematometra and occasionally with soft myomas , especially the pedunculated submucous variety.5.Hegars sign（黑格氏征）On bimanual examination the uterine body feels doughy or elastic and sometimes becomes exceedingly soft at about the sixth week after the last period.6. Abortion（流产）Abortion is termination of pregnancy before 28 weeks of gestation and the fetal weight is less than 1000g.7. Missed abortion（稽留流产）When the embryo or fetus dies and it is retained in uterus.8. Habitual abortion（习惯性流产）This is defined as 3 or more consecutive abortion. It is also called recurrent abortion.9. Placenta previa（前置胎盘）The entire placenta or part of it is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper active segment，and at least a portion of the placenta precedes the presenting part of the fetus after 28 week.10. Placenta abruption（胎盘早剥）Partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the corpus uteri before delivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 weeks gestation.11. Uteroplacental apoplexy（子宫胎盘卒中） Hemorrhage infiltrates the uterine wall. Uterine tetany follows, the uterus appears purplish,copper-colored, ecchymotic, indurated and loss its contractile powebecause of disruption of the muscle bundles.12. HELLP syndrome The major symptoms are hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome.13. threatened labor（先兆临产）(1)lightering; (2)false labor pain; (3)show.14. Onset and diagnosis of labor（临产诊断）The contractions of labor occur regularly and usually increase until they recur every 5 to 6 minutes and last from 30 to 40 seconds, which cause progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix and descent of the presenting part.15. Mechanism of normal labor（分娩机制） The mechanism of labor is a term applied to the series of changes in the attitude and position of the fetus that permits it to progress though the irregularly shaped pelvic cavity.16. engagement（衔接）The mechanism by which the biparietal diameter, the greatest transverse diameter of the head in vertex presentation , passes through the pelvic inlet is designated engagement.17. Internarotation（内旋转）This movement is a turning of the head in such a manner that the occiput gradually moves from its original position anteriorly toward the , symphysis pubis or ,less commonly , posteriorly toward the hollow of the sacrum.18. OCT or CST（oxytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress test缩宫素激惹试验）oxytocin challenge test (OCT) or contraction stress test (CST). Measuring the FHR response to the stress of spontaneous or oxytocin induced contraction(UC) forms to basis of this test of fetal placental reserve. OCT positive:Recurrent (at least two) late deceleration of the FHR, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the contraction and returning to the baseline after the contraction subsides, in addition, the amplitude and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying .Negative: At least 3 contractions in 10 minutes, and each lasting at least 40 seconds, the FHR are observed without late deceleration, A negative test within a week of delivery provided reliable assurance that the fetus will survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery well.19. NST（Non-stress test, 无应激试验）NST is a test for gross evaluation of the uteroplacental and fetal reserve. Each determination requires simultaneous monitoring of FHR and FMs. Reactive: the FAD（fetal activity acceleration determination）must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more FADs per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 seconds and more than 15 bpm amplitude.Non-reactive: this classification includes no fetal activity either spontaneously or with stimulation, and no demonsthable FHR change in response to stimulation.20.Physiologic retraction ring（生理性缩复环）As a result of the thining of the lower uterine segment and the thicking of the upper. The boundary between them is marked by a ridge on the inner uterine surface, the ringe is called the physiologic retraction ring. 21. Pathologic retraction ring（病理性缩复环）A pathologic retraction ring(bundle ring) develops during obstructed but otherwise normal labor. The ring forms at the junction of the active upper and the relatively passive lower uterine segments and actually is the lower border of the unusually thick upper segment . because descent and expulsion of the fetus are impeded. The lower sement becomes excessively lengthened and thinned and the upper segment shortened and thickened. Unless the obstruction is overcome, the uterus may rupture.The ring can be felt and sometimes even seen as a ridge just below the umbilicus ;it becomes more obvious as labor presses.22. Constriction ring（痉挛性狭窄环）A constriction ring is tetanic annular contraction of smooth muscle that may occur at any level in the uterine wall. The ring does not change position,and it may be applied so tightly around the fetus body that it prevents descent.23. prolonged latent phase（潜伏期延长）The time required to complete effacement and to enter the active phase is longer than 16 hours.24. prolonged active phase（活跃期延长）After the cervix dilated to 3cm, labor progresses over slow, the time of active phase lastes over 8 hours.The cervical dilatation progresses at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara.25. protracted active phase（活跃期停滞）The cervical dilatation does not change during a 2-hour period.26. Prolonged second stage（第二产程延长）when the cervixfully dilates the contractions become weak and the intervells prolorg, the span of time is over 2 hours. In nullipara and over 1 hour in maltipara, it is called that the second stage is prolonged.27. protracted second stage（第二产程停滞）when the cervix fully dilates for one hour, the descending of featl head is arrested and the progress of labor stops, it is called that the second stage is arrested.28. Prolonged labor（滞产）When the course of labor lasts for more than 24 hours it is called prolonyed labor.29. signs of separation of placenta（胎盘剥离征象）(1)The rising up of the uterus as a small firmly contracted mass, to a level above the umbilicus (2)lengthening of the cord (3)A sudden gush of the blood (4)traction upwards of the fundus f