同声传译授课教案.doc

Teaching Notes on Simultaneous Interpreting Course 同声传译授课教案(The 7th term)Unit One(Week 1) Introduction Contents: IntroductionProcedures: 1. General introduction of SI History of SI Theoretical mechanism of SIListening to the discourse in the source languageUnderstanding and analyzing this discourseReconstructing this discourse in the target language Requirements for simultaneous interpreters2. Equipments Booth visit DemonstrationAssignment: Gain a basic understanding of CI operating process by reading literature relatedUnit Two(Weeks 2 & 3) Skill: shadowingProcedures:1. Warming-upStudents speeches accompanied by consecutive interpreting Teachers comments:Thorough understanding is crucial Pay attention to logical links when taking notesMeaning wording2. Shadowing: Students shadow after the teacher with a time gap of about three to five wordsTeachers comments:Listen to the speaker and listen to yourself;Dons start shadowing until you understand what you hearSplit your attentionMaximize your concentration;Focus on key words & main ideasBuild up your power of retentionAssignment: At least two hours self-practice of shadowing by using various materials available on Internet, newspapers, magazines, TV programs, etc.Materials: Speech by Secretary for Education, New ZealandI welcome the opportunity to contribute to your conference.The Polytechnics of New Zealand make a large contribution to the future of many New Zealanders and to the development of this country.At the end of July 1999 some 100,000 students were formally enrolled in Polytechnics. You employed nearly 5000 academic staff. Your organisations offer a significant proportion of the 86,000 courses offered by New Zealands Tertiary Education Institutions and you make a significant contribution to regional economies.I would like to specifically acknowledge the important role played by the Councils, the Chairs, the Chief Executives and the senior management and staff of polytechnics. The different roles you all play are very important to the overall success not only of your organisations but also to the future of many people. Working in tertiary education is very demanding and in many ways is becoming more demanding. You work in a sector that is facing the changing and increasing demands and expectations of many parts of New Zealand society. The programmes, courses, and qualifications you offer need to evolve in ways that meet the changing needs of students and employers.Many of you need to financially strengthen your organisations as well as mange the risks that can threaten education quality and financial viability. You face the challenges and the opportunities of information and communication technologies and the growing impacts of international factors. Yet increasing the quality of the education you provide in New Zealand is critical to our future.This highlights the importance of quality leadership, both governance and management. It highlights the importance of strategy at both an institutional level and at a sector level. Looking out into the future I see the sector increasingly being driven by more demanding stakeholders and students. Critical to future success will be the quality, the focus and the range of co-operative relationships you develop.Such relationships will be an integral part of good strategy and the effective management of education and financial risks.Such relationships will be the basis of providing better and more responsive services to your key student and stakeholder groups.The last few years has seen a marked growth in co-operative relationships between polytechs; between polytechs and universities; with business interests and with ITOs.I see the need for greater co-operation continuing to strongly increase.Looked at from a students perspective: Students will have more options as to where and when they study - both in New Zealand and abroad. They will be interested in following different pathways. They will be more likely to want pathways that can involve a much wider range of courses and on-the-job experiences than a single institution can provide. While Information and Communications Technology (ICT) will create more options and opportunities for students it will affect the costs of providing and accessing education. It will impact on the services that you can offer to students. It can open up new and innovative ways of cooperating with other providers as well create new ways for teaching and learning. Employers and different sectors of the economy are going to be looking for providers that are more responsive to providing them with staff that have the skills they need to succeed in a fast changing modern economy. They will be interested in being able to access courses that are offered by other providers and how they can staircase into other qualifications. They will be concerned about cost.In meeting such expectations I believe that considerable scope exists across your sector to improve the quality of services available to students and the costs associated with meeting those demands through the further development of co-operative strategies.I see scope for developing options for students that involve accessing a range of courses across a range of providers.I see more scope for course development to be shared but with courses offered at a number of sites.I think considerable scope does exist in some institutions to lower costs. I see considerable variation in cost structures across the sector. These are not simply linked to the size of the institution. If the sector as a whole was able to match the cost structures of some of the more efficient institutions then the sector as a whole would be showing a very healthy financial surplus and in doing so would provide staff with much greater confidence about future courses and viability.There are a number of current policies looking to support students to follow different pathways.The Modern Apprenticeship policy is one example.The current review of industry training is also looking at ways in which we can have a more highly skilled workforce.The strengthening of careers advice and guidance is another. The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) remains important. There is a strong focus on developing a national literacy strategy from the newborn child to the adult worker.The new National Certificate of Education Achievement (NCEA) is a major development that will help students make the transition from school into higher education and into work.This qualification will remove a number of limitations of the existing exam system.It will recognise a much wider range of achievement especially in these areas such as laboratory and technical skills that are not currently tested or recognised in existing exams. It will provide much better information about what a student can and cannot do. By removing an artificial divide between vocational and academic learning it will support a broad range of pathways from school into the workplace. It is being designed to challenge every student in our schools to achieve at the highest levels possible. It will make standards expected of students at different levels much more explicit and transparent. It will require students to demonstrate a minimum competency in literacy and numeracy.An employers perspective.Employees will look to providers as a source of new ideas. They will want you to understand their businesses and their needs. They will look to you to contribute to solving their problems and to helping them innovate and create new market opportunities.They will want to be assured about the quality and relevance of courses being offered.Employers and the different sectors of the economy I think will look to work with groups of tertiary providers.An important aspect of the regional initiatives, the establishment of Industry New Zealand and the review of industry training will be finding ways of strengthening the relationships and information flows between the needs of employers and the providers that make up the tertiary sector.Developing a stronger international face of the sector:There is a huge potential international market for students. While this will open up opportunities for New Zealanders to access overseas providers so it also opens up the potential for New Zealand institutions to attract growing numbers of overseas students. My observation would be that with some exceptions, polytechnics have yet to strongly focus on the potential that exists.Success though, will need a strong sector wide approach. Such an approach will need to provide assurance to oversee students about quality, relevance and capability of the sector and about student welfare.As a sector and as a country any significant quality failure could impact adversely on the whole reputation of the New Zealand education system.To support a much greater potential of education exports we are undertaking a major exercise working with to develop a broader education export policy framework and sector strategy. Sector input into this is a major element of our work.Components of the strategy are centred around four strands:Developing the capability within the sector to meet the requirements and demands of international students including high levels of assurance about quality. Building the capability necessary to develop and sustain international activities. Strengthening the ways in which New Zealand can be marketed overseas. Identify ways in which the development of the market can be assisted and facilitated by the Government.Equity IssuesThe Government as a major funder will be concerned about the overall performance of individual providers and the sector as a whole. It will be concerned about responsiveness to the different communities of interest and it will be concerned about the access and participation of different groups. A lot has been heard about Closing the Gaps. To me it is vital to our economic and sound future that the participation and success of Maori and Pacific peoples in education rises.The growth in enrolments at Wananga is clear evidence of the number of Maori who want to succeed in tertiary education in an environment that positively affirms their culture and their values.Many other institutions have been investing in programmes and services to support Maori and Pacific peoples for years, and the increasing numbers of students graduating over the past decade is testimony to their efforts.Across the institutional sector, however, this level of responsiveness is not universal. Beginning in 2001, the Government will introduce a package to improve institutional responsiveness, this will include:Funding to provide support and services that will increase the participation and achievement of Maori and Pacific students. The funding will be distributed by way of a Special Supplementary Grant for each Maori and Pacific student enrolled at your institution. Institutions will be required to report annually on how you are using the additional funding your institution has gained.Information on best practice examples of support for Maori and Pacific students from across the tertiary sector. This is designed to help you develop initiatives to introduce in your institution.Regulatory and reporting requirements, to be introduced in 2001 for the 2002 academic year, on Mori and Pacific education outcomes.The Government has committed over $18 million over the next four years to this initiative, which is a significant investment in the tertiary sector.Could I close by making a few comments about the Ministry.We see it essential that we have strong high quality polytechnics. We see your contribution not only being in terms of the student achievement but in terms of the wider contribution your staff and institutions make to economic and social development.Success and indeed survival will depend more and more on the quality of leadership at the management and council levels and on the quality of management of strategy.We will be focussed on the need to improve quality, responsiveness and effectiveness. The pressures on individual institutions and the sector as a whole will not abate. I can also see that we can contribute to your success by helping to reduce compliance costs, to help facilitate change. Through TOMU we will be prepared to sit alongside management and councils to discuss the strategies of issues you are confronting and in doing so help provide any additional insights and support.Good luck for the rest of your Conference.Unit Three(Weeks 4, 5 & 6) Skill: multi-taskingProcedures:1. Warming-up:Students speeches accompanied by consecutive interpretingTeachers comments:Wide range of knowledge is desirableMeaning wordingBuild up your storage of terminology2. Multi-taking: students do shadowing and simultaneously write down sequential numbers Teachers comments: Split your attention: listening + understanding + repeating + counting + writingMaximize your concentration on information understandingWrite down sequential numbers as quickly and accurately as possible Build up your power of retentionClear delivery at a medium speedWrite down the numbers as quickly and accurately as possibleAssignment: At least two hours self-practice of multi-tasking by using various materials available on Internet, newspapers, magazines, TV programs, etc.Materials:Equal RightsThis is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence long ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field.The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women, who still carry on the sex war because the attitude of many men remains basically hostile. In many countries and regions, women there continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd even come to the horrible conclusion that men and women belonged to different species!On the surface, the comments made by these men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that many men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by facts. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are generally very conscientious and in fact, have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, managers, lawyers, scientists and presidents of countries, they have often put men to shame with their achievements. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.回顾与展望回顾过去，东亚地区发生了深刻变化，取得了巨大进步。展望未来，我们可以满怀信心的说，推动东亚经济和社会发展达到新的水平，已经具备了比较良好的条件。维护地区的和平与稳定，发展经济科技，扩大互利合作，促进共同繁荣，成为东亚各国的共识。东亚国家致力于在相互尊重、平等相待、互不干涉内政的基础上发展相互关系，通过友好协商妥善处理存在的某些分歧。东亚政局稳定，国家关系良好。这位东亚各国保持经济持续增长，发展经济合作，创造了重要的前提条件。东亚国家具有相当的经济实力，有的进入了发达阶段，有的踏上了新兴工业化的航程，有的正在步入快速发展的行列。这一地区拥有丰富的劳动力资源和自然资源，各国都在按照自己的实际情况确定发展战略，不断调整产业结构，转变增长方式，促进科技进步，加强对外经济联系。这位东亚各国开展经济合作提供了广阔的空间。东亚各国人民在漫长的历史实践创造了自己的优秀文化。这种文化传统，以社会集体为重，崇尚自尊自强、艰苦奋斗、勤劳节俭、谦虚好学的美德，处理人际关系提倡和洽协调，对待国际关系主张和平共处。这是宝贵的精神财富。只要东亚各国结合本国的实际，顺应时代的潮流，弘扬和运用这些具有东方特色的文化传统和智慧，同时积极吸取是俄各国人民创造的一切进步文明成果，就可不断为发展东亚经济合作提供精神动力。总之，从政治、经济、文化、地缘等各方面看，东亚都是当今世界一支不可忽视的力量。东亚经济发展的前景是光明的。当然，在充分看到东亚经济发展取得成就的同时，也要正视前进中存在的困难和障碍。例如，东亚国际不同程度的存在不合理的经济结构，不健全的金融体制，粗放型的增长方式，之后的基础设施建设，以及沉重的人口和环保压力等问题，都需要认真对待，切实加以解决。近来发生在东南亚的金融危机，给人们以深刻启示。金融体系的正常运行，对经济全局的稳定和发展至关重要。金融体系的正常运行，对经济全局的稳定和发展至关重要。在各国经济联系日益密切的条件下，保持健康稳定的金融形势，需要各国在完善金融的体制、政策和监管上进行努力，需要加强国际和地区的金融合作，需要共同防范国际游资过度投机。这样才能有效的维护国际金融秩序。我们相信，经过共同努力，东亚各国人民一定能够在新的世纪中，创造更加美好的未来。Meeting New PeoplePeople from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.Most Americans have never been out of the country and have very little experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names in most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. Many travelers find it easier to meet people in the United States than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just having a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends with people in the United States.When you stay with American friends, they will probably enjoy introducing you to their friends and family. They usually make a point of trying to make you feel comfortable and relaxed. On the whole, they tend to be informal. Men shake hands, but usually only when they are introduced. When a woman and a man are introduced, shaking hands is up to the woman. Americans rarely shake hands to say good-bye, except on business occasions.House guests may bring gifts when they come to visit, and they often offer to help in some ways. As a guest,