虚拟语气(学生版).doc

虚拟语气概念。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。II.虚拟语气的特点： 虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。 虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。 由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。 虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。同时，虚拟语气受时间的制约，分成以下三种句式：1） 与_事实相反的虚拟语气。2） 与_事实相反的虚拟语气3） 与_事实相反的虚拟语气III. III. 在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。If引导的非真实条件句主句（1）与过去事实相反（2）与现在事实相反（3）与将来事实相反注：。虚拟语气中助动词be一律用_，不用was。在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if主语should +表示可能的假设1.与现在事实相反） ）If I had a car, I should be very happy.= I should be very happy if I had a car, but _. 2) If I were a bird, I could fly. = I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I cant fly. 3) I he took his teachers advice, he might pass the exam. = He might pass the exam if he took his teachers advice, but he does nt take his teachers advice, so he doesnt pass the exam. 4) If it were nt raining, we should go for a picnic. = _. 题例：1) 1) If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. A. A. were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will2) 2) If I _ a bee, I _ work much harder. A were, would B were, shall C had, will D have, should3) 3) If I _ much money, I _ buy a house. A have, will B had, should C had, will D have, should4) 4) He _ learn more quickly if he _ harder. A will, work B would, worked C would, work D will , worked5) 5) If I _ you, I _ do that. A was, wouldnt B were, wouldnt C am , wont D were, wont 2.与过去事实相反例：1) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. = I would have called her if I had known her telephone number, but I didnt know her telephone number, so I didnt call her. 2) If you had come ten minutes earlier, you could have met that famous film star. = You could have met that famous film star if you had come ten minutes earlier, but_3) If I had realized the importance of English study, I should have worked much harder. = I should have worked much harder if I had realized the importance of English study, but _ 题例：1) 1) If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recognized already. A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed2) 2) If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A had been , would have prevented B had been, would preventC were, would prevent D were, would have prevented3) 3) I _ if she _ me. A would have overslept , didnt call B would have overslept, hadnt called C overslept, hadnt called D would overslept, didnt call4) 4) - If he _, he _that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken5) 5) She _ to the party if she _ invited. A would have gone, had been B would go , was C would have gone, was D has gone3.与将来事实相反例：1） If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science. = I would take the course of computer science if I were to be twenty years old, but I am not twenty years old, so I will not take the course of computer science. 2) If I did /should do/were to do that , she would feel very surprised. = She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I dont do that, so she will not feel surprised. 3) If I failed, I would try again. = _题例：1) 1) Its quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _, I would still go to the park. A should rain B would rain C rained D had rained2) 2) I dont think that I shall fail. But if I _, I would try again. A should fail B would fail C failed D had failed 3) 3) _ tomorrow, what should we do?A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it raining注：书面语中，“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用： 如果“if”从句中含有 “were, had ”或“should ”时， 则可省略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ” 或“should” 移至主语之前。例：1) Were I you (=I were you ), I would .2) Had they not come last time (=I_), we would have done.3) Should it rain tomorrow (= _), she would 注: 1.某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。1. 1.在动词 suggest, insist, order, command, require, request , demand 等后面的宾语从句中， 动词形式一般用 “should + 动词原形，或省略should用动词原形，用以表示一种建议，劝说， 命令， 要求的语气。 例：）The teacher suggested we (should )finish that task at the end of next week. 2) The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surrounded in the village before daylight. 3) His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the most well-known university instead of some common ones. 注意：1) 在Its suggested /ordered /required/demanded/decided/necessary/important等结构的主语从句中， 或suggestion, order, idea等词的同位语从句和表语从句中， 也应用should +动词原形， 或省略should ， 以适合于说话人所表示的建议或要求， 命令的语气。 例：a. Its suggested that a modern hotel (should) be set up at the front of the hill. b. The general gave the order that the bridge (should ) be destroyed before 5 oclock in the morning. c. Its necessary /important that every party member (should ) take the lead and work well. 2)当suggest的主语不指人，而是指某一现象时，同时宾语从句不表示建议，而是暗示一种情况，这时宾语从句不用should +动词原形，而应根据内容而选择正确的时态。Insist等词的用法在不表示对未来某一动作的主张和要求时，也不用should +动词原形。例：a. The expression on his face suggested that he was unhappy.(Tr.)_ b. She insisted that her answer was right. (Tr.)_2.常见的要求使用虚拟语气的特殊动词， 词组， 句形。1) about time It + time + that +主语 should + V high time V-ed 例：a. Its about time that you _B_ your store. A close B closed C have closed D had closedb. b. Its high time that he _B_ to think how to deal with the money. A would begin B began C begin D will begin2) What if.?(如果该怎麽办)例：a. -He would go to see you. -_ He did not come? A. What if B. Where if C. What come D. why whether2) 4) “wish” 在宾语从句中 wish + 主语（宾语从句中的主语）+(表现在）_/(表过去)_/(表将来)_. 例：a. -Do you have a type writer? -No, but I wish I _. A have B had C do D had hadb.I wish I _ my time when I was young. A didnt waste B shouldnt have waste C hadnt waste D wouldnt have wastedc. I wish we _ with my brother when he flies to England next week. A could go B had gone C will go D are going4) as if, as though表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气 例：a. They look rather puzzled, as if /though they _ know. 表现在 b. You look as if /though you_ a ghost. 表过去 c. He is very happy as if /though he _ the game. 表将来 5) would rather在虚拟语气中的用法 V-ed表现在或将来would rather +主语(从句中)+ had + 过去分词表过去例：a . I would rather you _ tomorrow than today. b. I would rather you _ that. 。练习题1. I advised that sister _ at her desk all day. A. A. mustnt B not read C doesnt read D neednt read2. The situation required that China _ its door to the outside world. A must open B should open C have to open D has to open 3. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday. I was short of money at that time. A must have brought B would have bought C had bought D would buy4. -Do you want him to lend you some money?-I wish he _. A had B did C would D should 5. _he came , the problem would be settled. A Would B Should C. Shall D. If 6. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip. A. had better bring B would bring C brought D bring7. You _ the meeting yesterday. Why are you absent?A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see8. She didnt come yesterday, or you _him. A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see 9. _ you _last Wednesday, you might know it well. A Were , to come B. If, came C. Had, come D. Did , come10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in 11. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A didnt read B wouldnt read C havent read D hadnt read12. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 13 We should have arrived sooner except we _ a flat tyre. A had B would C has not D has 14 -Why didnt you help him?-I would have_ I didnt have the money.A still B but C otherwise D or 15. I would rather she _ with her friends that alone. A travel on train B traveled by train C travels by train D travelling by the train16. I would have invited her to the party but I _ her well. A dont know B didnt know C hadnt known D havent known17. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A was allowed B be allowed C would be allowed D had been allowed18.If only I _ my watch!A. hadnt lostB. havent lost C. didnt lostD. dont lose19. _ here, he would attend the lecture. A. A. Had he been B If he were C Were he D Was he 20. Without electricity, what _? A will the world be like B. would the world be like C. the world would be like D. the world will be like虚拟语气练习题精选1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finishB. would be finished C. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; to D. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; setB. had done; should be set C. should do; be setD. had done; must be set5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; itB. /; /C. would; itD. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; should be D. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sent B. should send C. be sentD. must be sent8. It is important that we _ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be11. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leaving C. Were he to leaveD. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should haveC. mayD. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son.A. I amB. I would beC. I was D. I were15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch17. - “Have you ever been to Beijing?”- “No, but I wish I _”A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ .A. I may have failed B. Id failC. Id have failedD. Ill have failed19. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.”A. Im decidingB. Ill decideC. I decidedD. I decide20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow?A. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow21. If only I _ my watch!A. hadnt lostB. havent lost C. didnt lostD. dont lose22. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A. may not makeB. might not makeC. shouldnt have madeD. might not have made23. We _ the work on time without your help.A. hadnt had finishedB. didnt have finishedC. couldnt have finishedD. cant have finished24. - “Where have you been?”- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.”A. I would be hereB. I have been hereC. I had been hereD. I would have been here25. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. were B. had been C. areD. should be美丽语法之虚拟语气：情景一（用虚拟语气改写以下电影情景）Titanic was sailing on her voyage for America.1. Jack won his third-class ticket in a poker game and met a beautiful girl called Rose on board ._2. Unfortunately, the ship struck an iceberg and it sank. _3. Jack found a piece of wood and let Rose lie on it while he was in the cold water._4. Because of the