非谓语 名词 定语 状语从句.doc

高中英语重要考点归纳解析 (非谓语动词)动词不定式考点解析考点一：（形式 语态 时态 成分）非谓语动词解题方法归纳1、确定是非谓语动词，判断非谓语动词在句中所起的作用；(形式、成分)2、判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语：作主语补足语，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语；作状语，逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。复合结构自带逻辑主语。（语态）3、判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主被动关系。如果是主动关系，非谓语动词是主动式，如果是被动关系，则用被动式。（语态）4、判断非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作所发生的时间关系。如果与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。（时态）5、特殊情况（包括固定搭配、习语或例外）总结：形式：to do; to be done;to be doing; to have done; to have been done; not+ 语态：主动语态；被动语态。 判断语态，关键找准逻辑主语。 时态：判断时态，关键比较动词不定式的动作与句子谓语动词动作的先后顺序，以句子谓语动词为参照物，用动词不定式的动作与之比较。 不定式的一般式：表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词的动作之后。They invited us to visit their school. 不定式的进行时：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生。The boy pretended to be studying when his father came in. 不定式的完成式：表示的是动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 成分：不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。不定式做主语Its very hard for him to study two languages.Its very nice of you to help me.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted.不定式做宾语 I hope to become a doctor.He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.不定式做表语He appears to have caught a cold.Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seemed whether they will enjoy it.不定式做状语 表目的The little girl comes here to look for her father.To complete the project as planed, we will have to work two more hours a day.表结果 The hall is big enough to hold 10000 people.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.表原因 He was disappointed to get a little prize. They were very sad to hear the news.不定式做后置定语 动词不定式的动作与被修饰词构成动宾关系If there is a lot of work to do, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished.I am going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything to buy?She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to play in making the earth a better to live. 被修饰词与动词不定式动作构成主谓关系This company was the first to produce portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.Tom is the last student to arrive at school. 被修饰词是抽象性名词，动词不定式短语表达的意思就是被修饰词的具体内容。We have made a plan to finish the work.(抽象性名词ability， ambition， campaign ,chance，courage， decision ,determination， drive， effort ,failure，force，intention, method， motive， movement ,need， opportunity， promise ,reason， light， struggle ,tendency，wish )动词不定式做补足语Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.The teacher asked me to finish the task.More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the accident.考点二：下面的动词要求不定式做宾语afford,aim,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,beg,choose,claim,contrive,consent,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine, enable, endeavor，expect, fail，forget ,happen，hate，hesitate ,hope, intend ,learn, like，long, love,manage,mean,need,neglect,offer,plan,prefer,prepare，pretend ,profess,promise，propose ,refuse,regret,start, try, volunteer , want，wish.考点三：下面的动词要求不定式作宾补。（动词+宾语+动词不定式）advise，allow, announce ,ask，assist， authorize , cause， command， compel ,condemn， deserve， direct ,drive，enable，encourage ,entitle， forbid， force，get ,hate，help， induce，inspire, intend， invite， lead ,leave， like， mean ,need, order ,permit，persuade，prefer, recommend， remind ,report，request， require ,summon， teach， tell ,tempt， train， urge ,want ，warn考点四：某些不定式短语如to tell the truth , to begin with等可置于句首或句末，表示独立成分。To tell the truth, I forgot that it was your birthday yesterday.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省略。He had no money and no place to live.在介词but,except之前如有动词do的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用to。Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat.注意：如果but之前没有do，其后的不定式则一般要加to。They desired nothing but to succeed. 。在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。I really dont know what to say and do.注意：如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号to不能省略。I came not scold you but to praise you.考点五：不定式符号的保留在一个句子中，如果谓语动词是感官动词或使役动词，动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可省略to。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science.有助动词或情态动词如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to等+动词原形结构时，保留不定式符号to。She must go but you dont have to.含有动词go, want,decide, like,love, hope,wish, mean, refuse,try等+不定式作宾语的结构时，保留不定式符号to。Did you go to see the Great Wall?I want to, but I was too busy.含有动词如ask,tell, order,advise,persuade, warn, wish, permit,allow,forbid等+不定式作宾语或主语补语时，保留不定式符号to。May I use your car?No, I forbid you to.对话的答语中含有形容词如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready,pleased,afraid等+不定式做表语的结构时，保留不定式符号to。Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow?I will be glad to.考点六：不定式主动语态和被动语态的几种用法不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，用主动形式。Have you got a key to unlock the door?不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式。He needs a room to live in.在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式。There is nothing to worry about.不定式做表语形容词的状语并和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时要加相应的介词。The chair is comfortable to sit on.动名词考点解析考点一：（形式 语态 时态 成分）形式：doing; being done; having done; having been done; not +语态: 主动语态；被动语态。 判断语态，关键找准逻辑主语。 时态：一般式：动名词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。doing ; being done完成式：动名词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。having done; having been done.成分：动名词作主语Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.She is never willing to alter any of his opinions. It is no use arguing with him.Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.动名词作宾语All the staff in our company are considering going to the city centre for the fashion show.We enjoy swimming very much because it is good to our health.Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.He came to the party without being invited.It is difficult to imagine his accepting the decision without any consideration.动名词作表语In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.动名词作前置定语He cant walk without a walking-stick.动名词作同位语His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.考点二：动名词的所有格：形容词性物主代词+动名词；名词s + 动名词。The presidents attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.He has always insisted on his being called Dr.Turner instead of Mr Turner.Do you mind Janes being left alone at home?Her going there wont do any harm.考点三：下面的动词要求动名词做宾语enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, be devoted to考点四：有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别A. forget to do忘记要去做某事 (此事未做) 。forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)。B. stop to do停止、中断 (某件事) ，目的是去做另一件事。stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事。C. remember to do记住去做某事 (未做) 。remember doing记得做过某事(已做)。D. regret to do对要做的事遗憾。regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。E. try to do努力、企图做某事。try doing试验、试一试某种办法。 F. mean to do打算，有意要。mean doing意味着。 考点五：用动名词主动语态表示被动意义的结构动词need,require后接动名词的主动语态通常表示被动意义。The sentence needs shortening. 不能用being shortened。如果need 后接不定式，须用被动语态形式表被动意义。This page needs to be checked again.be worth 结构后接主动语态的动名词表示被动意义。The book is worth reading a second time.现在分词考点解析考点一：（形式 语态 时态 成分）形式：doing; being done; having done; having been done; not +语态：主动语态；被动语态。 判断语态，关键找准逻辑主语。时态：一般式：表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。doing ; being done完成式：表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。having done; having been done.成分：现在分词做定语The problem being discussed is very important.In the following years he worked even harder.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students-career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians wearing jeweler made of animal bones greeted them warmly.现在分词做状语Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.Walking in the field on a March afternoon, he could feel warmth of spring.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing even-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.现在分词做表语My duty is looking after you.The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids.现在分词做补足语Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle trying to balance it.考点二：having done和having been done 只能做状语过去分词考点解析形式：-ed; done语态：只有被动语态 时态：只有完成式成分：过去分词做定语It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road.过去分词做状语Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.Given time, he will make a first-class tennis player.Once seen, it can never be forgotten.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.过去分词做补足语The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself heard.过去分词做表语Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.不定式与分词做宾语补足语的区别I saw her walk downstairs and lock the door.I saw her walking downstairs and lock the door.He was seen crossing the road.He was seen to cross the road.非谓语动词做定语的区别We will soon visit the school to be completed next month.We will soon visit the school being built now.We will soon visit the school built last year.现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词 doing表示主动意义和进行意义，用于事情。过去分词done表示被动意义和完成意义，用于人。I was excited when I heard this news.This is an exciting film.非谓语动词考点归纳一：there be的非谓语形式。there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。A. 作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等。例如：We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind. They hate there to be long queues everywhere. B. 作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词之后，for+there to be 整个介词短语作程度状语，其他多半用there being。例如：There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself (原因状语) Its too early for there to be anybody up. (作程度状语)There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry. (原因状语)C. 作主语时两种结构都可以，但如果用for引导则要用there to be。例如： It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young. There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers. D. 作定语。there be 结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be, there之前的关系代词常常省略。例如：This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking. I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.非谓语动词考点归纳二：独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。1. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.2. His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.3. The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated.=after everyone was seated, the chairman began the meeting.4. The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.=Because the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.5. It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.6. There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.7. Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.=If time permits, we will have a picnic next week.8. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.9.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.10. He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.11. With his homework done, Peter went out to play.= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.12. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. = When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.13. The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.非谓语动词高考题精选1They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhoodAgrow Bgrew Cwas growing Dto grow2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to _Asit Bsit on Cbe sat Dbe sat on3She didnt remember _ him beforeAhaving met Bhave met Cto meet Dto having met4Mother _ us stories when we were youngAwas used to tell Bis used to tellingCused to tell Dused to telling5Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this oneAto do Bdoing Cwith Dto be doing6 What do you think of the book? Oh, excellentIt s worth _ a second timeAto read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read7.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? Alay Blain Claying Dlying8.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of lightAfollowed Bfollowing Cto be followed Dbeing followed9- Good morningCan I help you? - Id like to have this package, madamAbe weighed Bto be weighed Cto weigh Dweighed10She pretended _ me when I passed byAnot to see Bnot seeing Cto not see Dhaving not seen11_ more attention ,the tree could have grown betterAGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given12.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South AfricaAinvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited13Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his jobAso not as to Bso as not to Cso as to not Dnot so as to14She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest15Last summer I took a course on _. Ahow to make dress Bhow dress be madeChow to be made dress Dhow dress to be made16.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. Ato prepare Bpreparing Cprepared Dwas preparing17Shes upstairs _ lettersAwrites Bis writing Cwrite Dwriting18 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _Ahear Bto hear Cheating Dheard19.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his backAbeing tied Bhaving tied Cto be tied Dtied20On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited his cousin. Abought Bbuying Cto buy Dbuy 21 .Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishmentAto wash Bwashing Cwash Dto be washing22Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.Anever to drive Bto never drive Cnever driving Dnever drive23- The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I _ forgot. Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off24I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days Asail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed25- Shall we go skating or stay at home? - Which _do yourself?Ado your rather Bwould you rather Cwill you rather Dshould you rather26 _ a reply, he decided to write again ANot receiving BReceiving notCNot having received DHaving not received27The salesman scol